The Nuclear Gas Turbine: Towards Realization After Half a Century of Evolution

1995 ◽  
Author(s):  
Colin F. McDonald
Keyword(s):  
Power Systems ◽  
Gas Turbine ◽  
Nuclear Reactor ◽  
Electrical Power ◽  
District Heating ◽  
Small Scale ◽  
Closed Cycle ◽  
Furnace Gases ◽  
The Usa ◽  
Space Power Systems

This paper has been written exactly 50 years after the first disclosure of a closed-cycle gas turbine concept with a simplistic uranium heater. Clearly, this plant was ahead of its time in terms of technology readiness, and the closed-cycle gas turbine was initially deployed in a cogeneration mode burning dirty fuels (e.g., coal, furnace gases). In the 1950s through the mid 1980s about 20 of these plants operated providing electrical power and district heating for European cities. The basic concept of a nuclear gas turbine plant was demonstrated in the USA on a small scale in 1961 with a mobile closed-cycle nitrogen gas turbine [330 KW(e)] coupled with a nuclear reactor. In the last three decades, closed-cycle gas turbine research and development, particularly in the U.S. has focused on space power systems, but today the utility size gas turbine-modular helium reactor (GT-MHR) is on the verge of being realized. The theme of this paper traces the half century of closed-cycle gas turbine evolution, and discusses the recent enabling technologies (e.g., magnetic bearings, compact recuperator) that now make the GT-MHR close to realization. The author would like to dedicate this paper to the late Professor Curt Keller who in 1935 filed the first closed-cycle gas turbine patent in Switzerland, and who exactly 50 years ago, first described a power plant involving the coupling of a helium gas turbine with a uranium heater.

scholarly journals Development of a Ceramic Heat Exchanger for a Closed-Cycle Gas Turbine Engine

1979 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. G. Coombs
Keyword(s):  
Heat Exchanger ◽  
Power Systems ◽  
Gas Turbine ◽  
Gas Turbine Engine ◽  
Small Scale ◽  
Closed Cycle ◽  
Fabrication Technology ◽  
Turbine Engine ◽  
Heat Exchanger Design ◽  
Ceramic Components

This paper describes the development of a silicon carbide heat exchanger for the CCPS-40-1 closed-cycle gas turbine engine. This effort was part of a program to explore the use of closed-cycle power systems for utilities. The program consists of heat exchanger design, the development of a design approach for large ceramic components, the establishment of a material data base, and the development of the required fabrication technology. Small-scale ceramic heat exchangers were operated at material temperatures up to 2300 F.

scholarly journals 5 MW Closed Cycle Gas Turbine

1984 ◽  
Author(s):  
John L. Mason ◽  
Anthony Pietsch ◽  
Theodore R. Wilson ◽  
Allen D. Harper
Keyword(s):  
Power Systems ◽  
Gas Turbine ◽  
Oil Recovery ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Pressure Ratio ◽  
Commercial Application ◽  
Solid Fuels ◽  
Closed Cycle ◽  
Emission Standards ◽  
Fluidized Bed Combustor

A novel closed-cycle gas turbine power system is now under development by the GWF Power Systems Company for cogeneration applications. Nominally the system produces 5 megawatts (MW) of electric power and 80,000 lb/hr (36,287 kg/hr) of 1000 psig (6895 kPa) steam. The heat source is an atmospheric fluidized bed combustor (AFBC) capable of using low-cost solid fuels while meeting applicable emission standards. A simple, low-pressure ratio, single spool, turbomachine is utilized. This paper describes the system and related performance, as well as the development and test efforts now being conducted. The initial commercial application of the system will be for Enhanced Oil Recovery (EOR) of the heavy crudes produced in California.

Operating Experience and Design Features of Closed Cycle Gas Turbine Power Plants

1956 ◽  
Author(s):  
Curt Keller
Keyword(s):  
Gas Turbine ◽  
Power Plants ◽  
Operating Experience ◽  
Progress Report ◽  
Closed Cycle ◽  
Design Features ◽  
The Usa

This paper is the author’s third progress report in the USA on the AK-closed cycle gas turbine.

State-of-the-Art Review of Closed Cycle Gas Turbines Burning Dirty Fuels

1983 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. E. Provenzale
Keyword(s):  
Power Systems ◽  
Gas Turbine ◽  
Gas Turbines ◽  
Detailed Examination ◽  
Full Potential ◽  
Development Programs ◽  
Closed Cycle ◽  
Cost Information ◽  
Steam Power ◽  
Critical Components

The Closed Cycle Gas Turbine (CCGT) offers potential savings in operating costs due to high system efficiency and the ability to direct fire coal. However, for the full potential of CCGT to be realized, more competitive cost information must be generated, correlated, and compared with conventional steam power systems. Current development programs are intended to resolve many of the remaining uncertainties in design, performance, and cost by detailed examination and testing of critical components of CCGT coal-fired power systems. This paper reviews current technology developments and economic considerations of the closed cycle gas turbine burning dirty fuels versus conventional steam power systems.

Applying Combined Pinch and Exergy Analysis to Closed-Cycle Gas Turbine System Design

1995 ◽  
Vol 117 (1) ◽  
pp. 47-52 ◽  
Author(s):  
V. R. Dhole ◽  
J. P. Zheng
Keyword(s):  
Power Systems ◽  
Gas Turbine ◽  
Gas Turbines ◽  
Power Plants ◽  
Exergy Analysis ◽  
Energy Savings ◽  
Design Guidelines ◽  
Closed Cycle ◽  
Practical Design ◽  
Pinch Technology

Pinch technology has developed into a powerful tool for thermodynamic analysis of chemical processes and associated utilities, resulting in significant energy savings. Conventional pinch analysis identifies the most economical energy consumption in terms of heat loads and provides practical design guidelines to achieve this. However, in analyzing systems involving heat and power, for example, steam and gas turbines, etc., pure heat load analysis is insufficient. Exergy analysis, on the other hand, provides a tool for heat and power analysis, although at times it does not provide clear practical design guidelines. An appropriate combination of pinch and exergy analysis can provide practical methodology for the analysis of heat and power systems. The methodology has been successfully applied to refrigeration systems. This paper introduces the application of a combined pinch and exergy approach to commercial power plants with a demonstration example of a closed-cycle gas turbine (CCGT) system. Efficiency improvement of about 0.82 percent (50.2 to 51.02 percent) can be obtained by application of the new approach. More importantly, the approach can be used as an analysis and screening tool for the various design improvements and is generally applicable to any commercial power generation facility.

scholarly journals Development of Parametric Mass and Volume Models for an Aerospace SOFC/Gas Turbine Hybrid System

2005 ◽  
Author(s):  
Robert Tornabene ◽  
Xiao-Yen Wang ◽  
Christopher J. Steffen ◽  
Joshua E. Freeh
Keyword(s):  
Power Systems ◽  
Gas Turbine ◽  
Hybrid System ◽  
Electrical Power ◽  
Thermodynamic System ◽  
Design Tool ◽  
Commercial Aircraft ◽  
Immediate Feedback ◽  
Component Sizing ◽  
Volume Models

In aerospace power systems, mass and volume are key considerations to produce a viable design. The utilization of fuel cells is being studied for a commercial aircraft electrical power unit. Based on preliminary analyses [1, 2], a SOFC/gas turbine system may be a potential solution. This paper describes the parametric mass and volume models that are used to assess an aerospace hybrid system design. The design tool utilizes input from the thermodynamic system model and produces component sizing, performance and mass estimates. The software is designed such that the thermodynamic model is linked to the mass and volume model to provide immediate feedback during the design process. It allows for automating an optimization process that accounts for mass and volume in its figure of merit. Each component in the system is modeled with a combination of theoretical and empirical approaches. A description of the assumptions and design analyses is presented.

Status Report on Closed-Cycle Power Plants in the Federal Republic of Germany

1977 ◽  
Vol 99 (1) ◽  
pp. 37-46 ◽  
Author(s):  
K. Bammert ◽  
G. Groschup
Keyword(s):  
Gas Turbine ◽  
Power Plants ◽  
District Heating ◽  
Status Report ◽  
Federal Republic Of Germany ◽  
Closed Cycle ◽  
Special Items ◽  
Air Turbine ◽  
Residential Quarters ◽  
Oil Gas

In recent years the constructors as well as the users of municipal and industrial power plants have shown a rising interest in the closed-cycle gas turbine. Because of its ability to deliver a large amount of heat without restrictions to the electric power generation, the closed-cycle gas turbine is most favorably qualified for central district heating of large residential quarters. In this paper these aspects of the closed-cycle will be illustrated in the frame of five closed air turbine plants, being in operation in the FRG. The layout of and the operation experience gained with these plants will be discussed. These municipal and industrial power plants are fueled by coal, oil, gas, or even mixtures of these. The special items in the layout of the heaters with respect to the different fuels are shown; the perspectives for further design are discussed.

scholarly journals Performance Analysis of Biomass Fuel Driven EFMGT Cycle

2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (2) ◽  
pp. 2421-2425
Keyword(s):  
Heat Exchanger ◽  
Power Plant ◽  
Gas Turbine ◽  
Electrical Power ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Biomass Fuel ◽  
Small Scale ◽  
Inlet Temperature ◽  
Micro Gas Turbine ◽  
Electrical Power Output

Biomass fuel as carbon neutral, abundant, domestic, cost effective is being reconsidered to fuel-up the power plant to produce electricity in clean way. But utilization of biomass fuel directly in existing conventional power plant causes problem in turbine such as erosion, hot corrosion, clogging and depositions [1]. As such combustion of biomass fuel outside the primary cycle eradicates potential hazards for turbine. In such a case indirectly fired micro gas turbine opens a door to biomass fuel as this technology is free from negative aspects of direct combustion as well as making micro gas turbine feasible to generate electricity in small scale at non-grid areas for individual consumer or group of consumers. In this research, the effect of different types of biomass fuel on operating parameters as well as on output electrical power of externally fired micro gas turbine (EFmGT)has been analyzed. The biomass fuels are categorized on the basis of air to fuel ratio (AFR) using stoichiometry combustion theory. It is found from results that parameters like air mass flow rate, compression ratio, heat exchanger effectiveness, turbine inlet temperature, combustion temperature, and temperature difference in heat exchanger affect the performance of EFmGT. Also types of biomass fuel have substantial impacts on these performance parameters as well as on electrical power output of EFmGT cycle.

scholarly journals Тhe study of electronic generation effect on statical aperiodic stability of electrical power system

2020 ◽  
Vol 22 (2) ◽  
pp. 51-64
Author(s):  
A. G. Fishov ◽  
I. S. Murashkina ◽  
A. I. Marchenko ◽  
E. Erdenebat ◽  
Y. S. Ivkin
Keyword(s):  
Power Systems ◽  
Power System ◽  
Renewable Energy Sources ◽  
Electrical Power ◽  
Power Grids ◽  
Small Scale ◽  
Electrical Power System ◽  
Electrical Grid ◽  
Electrical Grids ◽  
Key Aspects

One of the key aspects in the development of power engineering all over the world is the use of distributed small-scale generation. This is both based on fuel carbon resources with a synchronized connection between sources when they are connected to the electric power grids and renewable energy sources operated in the electrical grid via frequency converters (electronic generation). The latter brings an inevitable broad use of inverters in available AC power systems. The objectives of this paper are numerous. First is the desire to study the effect of electronic generation on modes and stability of current electrical grids and electrical power systems. Another objective is to establish requirements for electronic generation control that lets us minimize actions on relay protection coordination and automation upon the integration of electronic generation in power grids. A final objective is to increase the reliability of general electrical modes. This article shows the outcomes of the study on the statical aperiodic stability of the electrical power system upon the integration of electronic generation, requirements for its statical characteristics, and the control when operated within the electrical power system.

scholarly journals Analysis of cyber vulnerabilities of the emergency control and relay protection to assess the reliability and survivability of electrical power systems in the era of total digitalization

2020 ◽  
Vol 216 ◽  
pp. 01040
Author(s):  
Alexey Osak ◽  
Daniil Panasetsky ◽  
Elena Buzina
Keyword(s):  
Power Systems ◽  
Control Systems ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Electrical Power ◽  
Relay Protection ◽  
Distribution Networks ◽  
Cyber Attacks ◽  
Small Scale ◽  
Electrical Power Systems ◽  
Emergency Control

Cyber threats pose an increasing threat to energy objects. It is essential to ensure the cybersecurity of automatic control systems, such as relay protection devices (RP), devices of regime control (RC) and emergency control (EC), automated control systems. At the same time, the issues of cybersecurity include not only the problem of hacker attacks, but also the whole complex of problems relating to adequate functioning of cybernetic systems in the power industry. The authors consider two of the most acute aspects of cybersecurity in the energy systems of the future in the era of total digitalization: large-scale prepared cyber attacks on the electrical power systems (EPS) as a whole and large-scale cyber attacks on distribution networks with small-scale generation facilities and active consumers.

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