Near-Wing Multi-Sensor Diagnostics of Jet Engine Components

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
W. Frackowiak ◽  
S. Barton ◽  
W. Reimche ◽  
O. Bruchwald ◽  
D. Zaremba ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
High Frequency ◽  
Positive Impact ◽  
Operating Cost ◽  
Engine Performance ◽  
Inspection Time ◽  
Jet Engines ◽  
Measurement Systems ◽  
Process Simulations ◽  
Geometry Measurement ◽  
Engine Maintenance

Engine maintenance and repair is a large part of the total airplane operating cost. Routine maintenance is essential for providing a positive impact on lifetime, engine performance and reliability. The sector of on-wing and near-wing maintenance is growing because of its potential to reduce the expenses and inspection time, with diagnostics taking place close to the airplane or inside a hangar on the airport. Due to the high complexity of modern jet engines, this task creates special needs towards the measurement systems regarding flexibility and robustness. This paper describes four design approaches of such measurement systems to determine the engine parts’ health status with complex geometries in narrow or occluded spaces between blades and individual discs. The utilized nondestructive technologies are endoscopic fringe projection for geometry measurement, adapted low coherence interferometry to determine surface microstructures, high frequency inductive thermography with an optical mirror and miniaturized high frequency eddy current testing for inspection of the protection coating system and for the detection of subsurface cracks and defects. The inspection information obtained by all these techniques can be further used for regeneration process simulations and functional simulations to predict the optimal overhaul strategy.

Optimizing Tamper Efficiency Through the Integration of Inertial Based Track Geometry Measurement

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Joseph W. Palese ◽  
Sergio DiVentura ◽  
Ken Hill ◽  
Peter Maurice
Keyword(s):  
Time Perspective ◽  
Cloud Service ◽  
New Method ◽  
Maximum Efficiency ◽  
Track Geometry ◽  
Track Maintenance ◽  
Measurement Systems ◽  
Recorded Data ◽  
Available Technology ◽  
Geometry Measurement

Maintaining track geometry is key to the safe and efficient operations of a railroad. Failure to properly maintain geometry can lead to costly track structure failures or even more costly derailments. Currently, there exists a number of different methods for measuring track geometry and then if required, maintaining the track to return track geometry to specified levels of acceptance. Because of this need to have proper track geometry, tampers are one of the most common pieces of maintenance equipment in a railroad operation’s fleet. It is therefore paramount from both a cost and track time perspective to gain maximum efficiency from any one particular tamper. Track geometry is typically measured through a variety of contact and non-contact measurement systems which can mount on a variety of different platforms. With respect to a tamper, a push buggy projector system is typically used to measure track geometry, utilizing the tamper body as the basis for the reference system, Track geometry can be measured utilizing this technology during a prerecording run. Then, the software onboard the tamper analyzes the recorded data to determine the best fit and calculate throws that achieve a better track alignment, particularly in curves. During the tamping operation, the tamper buggy system and frame adjust the track. Due to its design, track geometry measurements can only be made at low speed (roughly 4mph) which can severely affect the efficiency of the tamper. To help decrease pre maintenance inspection times, an inertial based track geometry measurement system has been developed and integrated into the tamper’s operating software. This system can mount directly to the frame of a tamper and operate at hy-rail to very low speeds. Measurements made can be fed directly into the tamper control system to guide where and how track geometry adjustments need to be made. In addition, the capability to collect data during travel mode without the buggies extended allows for the collection of data at any time. Thus, data can be recorded when traveling back and forth to a stabling location, before and/or after grinding. This allows for synchronization of data at a later time to utilize for adjusting the track. Also, data can be collected post-work to allow for the comparison of pre and post geometry to allow for the determination of the effectiveness of a given tamping operation. Tampers equipped with this track geometry system facilitate the foundation for an enterprise solution. Data that is measured and collected can be sent to a cloud service, in real time that will provide exception reports, health status, and rail health trend analyses. Utilizing the available technology further optimizes response time in track maintenance. This paper will introduce this new method of mounting and completely integrating an inertial based track geometry system onto a tamper. In addition, studies will be presented which confirm the ability of this system to replicate the tamper’s projection based track geometry system. Finally, a comprehensive study on efficiency gains will be presented directly comparing a standard method of maintaining a segment via a tamper to this new method of using onboard inertial track geometry measurement.

scholarly journals Hydrogen Injection in a Dual Fuel Engine Fueled with Low-Pressure Injection of Methyl Ester of Thevetia Peruviana (METP) for Diesel Engine Maintenance Application

Energies ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 13 (21) ◽  
pp. 5663 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mahantesh Marikatti ◽  
N. R. Banapurmath ◽  
V. S. Yaliwal ◽  
Y.H. Basavarajappa ◽  
Manzoore Elahi M Soudagar ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Diesel Engine ◽  
Methyl Ester ◽  
Gas Flow ◽  
Engine Performance ◽  
Gaseous Fuel ◽  
Dual Fuel ◽  
Injection Timing ◽  
Thevetia Peruviana ◽  
Oil Source ◽  
Engine Maintenance

The present work is mapped to scrutinize the consequence of biodiesel and gaseous fuel properties, and their impact on compression-ignition (CI) engine combustion and emission characteristics in single and dual fuel operation. Biodiesel prepared from non-edible oil source derived from Thevetia peruviana belonging to the plant family of Apocynaceaeis. The fuel has been referred as methyl ester of Thevetia peruviana (METP) and adopted as pilot fuel for the effective combustion of compressed gaseous fuel of hydrogen. This investigation is an effort to augment the engine performance of a biodiesel-gaseous fueled diesel engine operated under varied engine parameters. Subsequently, consequences of gas flow rate, injection timing, gas entry type, and manifold gas injection on the modified dual-fuel engine using conventional mechanical fuel injections (CMFIS) for optimum engine performance were investigated. Fuel consumption, CO, UHC, and smoke formations are spotted to be less besides higher NOx emissions compared to CMFIS operation. The fuel burning features such as ignition delay, burning interval, and variation of pressure and heat release rates with crank angle are scrutinized and compared with base fuel. Sustained research in this direction can convey practical engine technology, concerning fuel combinations in the dual fuel mode, paving the way to alternatives which counter the continued fossil fuel utilization that has detrimental impacts on the climate.

System Level Performance and Emissions Evaluation of Renewable Fuels for Jet Engines

2014 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kadambari Lokesh ◽  
Vishal Sethi ◽  
Theoklis Nikolaidis ◽  
Devaiah Karumbaiah
Keyword(s):  
Engine Performance ◽  
Operating Conditions ◽  
System Level ◽  
Civil Aviation ◽  
Jet Engines ◽  
Stirred Reactor ◽  
Fuel Burn ◽  
Performance And Emissions ◽  
Aircraft Performance ◽  
Level Performance

Incessant demand for fossil derived energy and the resulting environmental impact has urged the renewable energy sector to conceive one of the most anticipated sustainable, alternative “drop-in” fuels for jet engines, called as, Bio-Synthetic Paraffinic Kerosene (Bio-SPKs). Second (Camelina SPK & Jatropha SPK and third generation (Microalgae SPK) advanced biofuels have been chosen to analyse their influence on the behaviour of a jet engine through numerical modelling and simulation procedures. The thermodynamic influence of each of the biofuels on the gas turbine performance extended to aircraft performance over a user-defined trajectory (with chosen engine/airframe configuration) have been reported in this paper. Initially, the behaviour of twin-shaft turbofan engine operated with 100% Bio-SPKs at varying operating conditions. This evaluation is conducted from the underpinning phase of adopting the chemical composition of Bio-SPKs towards an elaborate and careful prediction of fluid thermodynamics properties (FTPs). The engine performance was primarily estimated in terms of fuel consumption which steers the fiscal and environmental scenarios in civil aviation. Alternative fuel combustion was virtually simulated through stirred-reactor approach using a validated combustor model. The system-level emissions (CO2 and NOx) have been numerically quantified and reported as follows: the modelled aircraft operating with Bio-SPKs exhibited fuel economy (mission fuel burn) by an avg. of 2.4% relative to that of baseline (Jet Kerosene). LTO-NOx for the user-defined trajectory decreased by 7–7.8% and by 15–18% considering the entire mission. Additionally, this study reasonably qualitatively explores the benefits and issues associated with Bio-SPKs.

Quantitative Assessment of Potassium Hydroxide Concentration in Oxyhydrogen Cell for Optimal Gasoline Fuel Engine Performance and Emissions

2020 ◽  
Vol 143 (5) ◽  
Author(s):  
Sa’ed A. Musmar ◽  
Ammar A. Al-Rousan ◽  
Musa AlAjlouni ◽  
Khalid Alzoubi
Keyword(s):  
Fuel Cell ◽  
Potassium Hydroxide ◽  
Positive Impact ◽  
Engine Performance ◽  
Carbon Oxide ◽  
Performance Parameters ◽  
Fuel Blend ◽  
Average Percentage ◽  
Hc Emissions ◽  
Carbon Dioxide Co2

Abstract Oxyhydrogen gas (Brown gas (HHO)) can be an innovative venue for cleaner energy in the auto industry. The effect of potassium hydroxide (KOH) concentration in an electrolyte solution of HHO fuel cell on GK200 Honda single-cylinder engine performance parameters and emissions has been investigated. A 1 L/min blend of HHO is fed to the engine as a secondary fuel and a constant electrical load, and variable engine speed (1300–2300) tests were carried out to quantify the foremost concentration of KOH in the fuel cell electrolyte that has a constructive impact on both engine performance parameters and emissions. Several concentrations of KOH were considered (1 g/l, 1.5 g/l, 2 g/l, 5 g/l, and 6.5 g/l). Results reveal that all KOH concentrations considered have a positive impact on engine performance parameters and the best concentration range for KOH in distilled water is within the range 1–2 g/l. The average percentage enhancement in engine brake power was 22.3% and 20.5% reduction in specific fuel consumption whereas the average reduction in carbon oxide (CO) and carbon dioxide (CO2) emissions were almost 80% and 50% reduction in NOx and HC emissions. Most of the literature concerned with HHO as a fuel blend set 5 g/l KOH concentration for fuel cell electrolyte whereas the results of this research reveal that lower concentrations within the range of 1–2 g/l reduce the energy consumed by the fuel cell in addition to higher impact on the engine performance parameters and enhance the overall system efficiency.

FRA Autonomous Track Geometry Measurement System Technology Development: Past, Present, and Future

2014 ◽  
Author(s):  
Soheil Saadat ◽  
Cameron Stuart ◽  
Gary Carr ◽  
James Payne
Keyword(s):  
Research And Development ◽  
Measurement System ◽  
Research Program ◽  
Life Cycle Cost ◽  
Technology Development ◽  
Web Based ◽  
Track Geometry ◽  
Measurement Systems ◽  
Geometry Measurement ◽  
Multi Phase

The Federal Railroad Administration’s (FRA’s) Office of Research and Development has undertaken a multi-phase research program focused on the development and advancement of Autonomous Track Geometry Measurement Systems (ATGMS) and related technologies to improve rail safety by increasing the availability of track geometry data for safety and maintenance planning purposes. Benefits of widespread use of ATGMS technology include reduced life-cycle cost of inspection operations, minimized interference with revenue operations, and increased inspection frequencies. FRA’s Office of Research and Development ATGMS research program results have demonstrated that the paradigm of track inspection and maintenance practices, information management and, eventually, government regulations will change as a result of widespread use of ATGMS technology by the industry. A natural consequence of increased inspection frequencies associated with ATGMS is the large amount of actionable information produced. Therefore, changing existing maintenance practices to address a larger number of identified track issues across large geographic areas will be a challenge for the industry. In addition, managing ATGMS data and assessing the quality of this information in a timely manner will be challenging. This paper presents an overview of the FRA’s ATGMS research program with emphasis on its evolution from a proof-of-concept prototype to a fully operational measurement system. It presents the evolution of ATGMS technology over time including the development of a web-based application for data editing, management and quality assurance. Finally, it presents FRA’s vision for the future of the ATGMS technology.

scholarly journals Improved Jet Engine Maintenance Through Automated Vibration Diagnostic Systems

1981 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. A. Rio
Keyword(s):  
High Speed ◽  
Diagnostic System ◽  
High Volume ◽  
Test Equipment ◽  
Jet Engines ◽  
Diagnostic Systems ◽  
Vibration Data ◽  
Air Force Base ◽  
Equipment Utilization ◽  
Engine Maintenance

The rapidly increasing cost of maintenance, the demand for increased equipment utilization, fuel costs, and the difficulty of correctly diagnosing internal mechanical problems in fully assembled jet engines, have stressed the need for more effective engine test equipment. This paper describes the successful application of both a component (module) high-speed balancing technique and an Automated Vibration Diagnostic System (AVID) in the U.S. Air Force’s high-volume engine overhaul center at Tinker Air Force Base, Oklahoma. the AVID concept to automate troubleshooting procedures for fully assembled rebuilt engines is addressed. This system extracts high frequency vibration data from existing standard instrumentation, thereby providing meaningful mechanical information. A growing appreciation on the part of engine overhaul personnel of the power of automated test equipment has enabled these key features to be combined to reduce operating expenses at engine rebuild facilities.

Correlations of Soot Formation in Turbojet Engines and in Laboratory Flames

1984 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. J. Gill ◽  
D. B. Olson ◽  
H. F. Calcote
Keyword(s):  
Soot Formation ◽  
Dominant Role ◽  
Engine Performance ◽  
Smoke Point ◽  
Jet Engines ◽  
Fuel Property ◽  
Jet Engine ◽  
Related Data ◽  
Polycyclic Aromatic ◽  
Engine Testing

Smoke related performance of both jet engine and research combustors has been correlated with several fuel properties. The smoke related data included: smoke number, liner temperature rise, and radiation flux to the combustor wall; fuel parameters included: percent hydrogen, percent aromatic, percent polycyclic aromatic, smoke point, and the threshold soot index, TSI. The research combustor results correlated best with the threshold sooting index. While some correlations with engine performance were excellent, no single fuel property was generally useful in evaluating smoke related performance, mainly because of insufficient data on the fuels tested in the jet engine programs, e.g., percent aromatics specifies a class of fuels which span > 50% of the possible range of sooting tendencies. It is, however, demonstrated that fuel composition plays a dominant role in determining smoke related engine parameters. It is recommended that fuels used for engine testing programs be chemically analyzed in greater detail or be made available for laboratory measurements of soot thresholds and soot yields until a sufficient data base is available to establish a laboratory technique of predicting relative smoke related performance of fuels in jet engines.

Problems and Use of the Scaling Factors in the Numerical Simulation of Jet Engines

1990 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. Torella
Keyword(s):  
Numerical Simulation ◽  
Trend Analysis ◽  
Gas Turbine ◽  
Engine Performance ◽  
Turbine Engines ◽  
Gas Turbine Engines ◽  
Jet Engines ◽  
Scaling Factors ◽  
Operational Life

The possibility of the use of scaling factors in the calculations and in the simulation of gas turbine engines have been considered. Application of this technique to the simulation of trend analysis, the evaluation of the component maps shifting during the operational life of the engine and the calculation of matrices of influence have been presented. Moreover, some problems related to the use of scaling factors have been studied and their effects on the engine performance have been presented.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document