An Overview of Initial Operational Experience With the Closed-Loop sCO2 Test Facility at Cranfield University

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Eduardo Anselmi ◽  
Ian Bunce ◽  
Vassilios Pachidis
Keyword(s):  
Closed Loop ◽  
Lessons Learned ◽  
Test Facility ◽  
Working Fluid ◽  
Operational Experience ◽  
And Performance ◽  
The Uk ◽  
And Control ◽  
Measurement And Control ◽  
Initial Objective

Abstract An experimental facility is currently operating at Cranfield University in the UK and it is being used to explore supercritical carbon dioxide as a working fluid for future bottoming power cycle applications. The initial objective of this experimental programme is to de-risk and demonstrate the robustness of a closed-loop system, whilst proving the function and performance of individual components and various measurement and control modules. This paper describes the first operational experience gained whilst operating the test facility. More specifically, it summarizes the lessons learned from the commissioning phase and first test campaigns carried out in 2018.

scholarly journals Study on the COVID-19 infection status, prevention and control strategies among entry people in Shenzhen

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jing-Zhong Wang ◽  
Xuan Zou ◽  
Zi-Qian Xu ◽  
Hai-Rui Wang ◽  
Bi-Xin Wang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Management Strategy ◽  
Closed Loop ◽  
Close Contact ◽  
High Risk Population ◽  
Imported Infection ◽  
Entry Time ◽  
The Us ◽  
Imported Cases ◽  
The Uk ◽  
And Control

Abstract Background The overseas COVID-19 confirmed cases continue to rise for months, while people overseas prefer to return China at present. It is risky to have a large number of imported cases which may cause a relapse of COVID-19 outbreak. In order to prevent imported infection, Shenzhen government has implemented the closed-loop management strategy by taking nucleic acid testing (NAT) for severe acute respiratory syndromes coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) and requiring14-days medical observation for individuals with overseas tour history (Hong Kong, Macao, Taiwan province and other countries) within 14 days. Our study aim to describe the status of COVID-19 infection among entry people in Shenzhen, and evaluate the effect of closed-loop management strategy. Methods We made a descriptive study and risk analyze by the entry time, reported time, local confirmed cases in origin countries. The NAT were completed in Shenzhen center for disease control and prevention (CDC), ten district-level CDCs, as well as fever clinics. Results A total of 86,844 people overseas entered Shenzhen from January 1 to April 18, 2020, there were 39 imported cases and 293 closed contacts. The infection rate of entry people was 4.49‰ (95% CI: 3.26‰ − 6.05‰). 14 imported cases (35.9%) came from the UK, 9 (23.08%) came from the US. Entry people from the US since Mar 9 or from the UK since Mar 13 are the high-risk population. As of July 17, there have been no new confirmed cases in Shenzhen for 153 days, and the number of confirmed case, close contact, and asymptomatic case are 0. So the closed-loop management is effective to prevent imported infection and control domestic relapse. The distribution of entry time and report time for imported cases overseas was similar. So it is important to take closed-loop management at the port. Conclusions The risk of imported infection from the US and UK were higher that other countries and regions in Shenzhen. The closed-loop management is effective to prevent imported infection and control domestic relapse. Every country is closely connected under the background of globalization. In order to control COVID-19 outbreak, we need the collaboration and cooperation at the global, national, and subnational levels to prevent, detect, and respond effectively.

Best Value and Performance Management Inspired Change within UK Councils

2014 ◽  
pp. 199-226
Author(s):  
Sandra Moffett ◽  
Tim Walker ◽  
Rodney McAdam
Keyword(s):  
Knowledge Management ◽  
Public Sector ◽  
Performance Management ◽  
Exploratory Study ◽  
Lessons Learned ◽  
Full Potential ◽  
Best Value ◽  
And Performance ◽  
The Uk

This chapter focuses on an exploratory study from an operational perspective, investigating the role of Knowledge Management (KM) in the UK Public Sector, the case setting being within the council’s waste services. Key literary findings outline that while Government seeks to improve council service delivery, significant legacies remain from earlier change programmes that appeared to be restricting the Local Government Modernisation Agenda (LGMA). Given the exploratory nature of the study, a theory building approach is adopted based on results from the exploratory study. The findings show that although knowledge and information flows could inform performance management frameworks to trigger change, a lack of suitable networks or a culture of knowledge sharing, combined with tight implementation timescales and a shifting agenda, meant that councils did not respond as anticipated due to systemic weaknesses. As with many organisations, KM implementation did not reach full potential. However, there are a number of lessons learned and key findings that can act as a learning process for further knowledge management applications within public sector contexts.

Oxy-Fuel Gas Turbine, Gas Generator and Reheat Combustor Technology Development and Demonstration

2010 ◽  
Author(s):  
Roger Anderson ◽  
Fermin Viteri ◽  
Rebecca Hollis ◽  
Ashley Keating ◽  
Jonathan Shipper ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Power Plant ◽  
Gas Turbine ◽  
Gas Turbines ◽  
Clean Energy ◽  
Test Facility ◽  
Working Fluid ◽  
Capital Costs ◽  
2Nd Generation ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
And Performance

Future fossil-fueled power generation systems will require carbon capture and sequestration to comply with government green house gas regulations. The three prime candidate technologies that capture carbon dioxide (CO2) are pre-combustion, post-combustion and oxy-fuel combustion techniques. Clean Energy Systems, Inc. (CES) has recently demonstrated oxy-fuel technology applicable to gas turbines, gas generators, and reheat combustors at their 50MWth research test facility located near Bakersfield, California. CES, in conjunction with Siemens Energy, Inc. and Florida Turbine Technologies, Inc. (FTT) have been working to develop and demonstrate turbomachinery systems that accommodate the inherent characteristics of oxy-fuel (O-F) working fluids. The team adopted an aggressive, but economical development approach to advance turbine technology towards early product realization; goals include incremental advances in power plant output and efficiency while minimizing capital costs and cost of electricity [1]. Proof-of-concept testing was completed via a 20MWth oxy-fuel combustor at CES’s Kimberlina prototype power plant. Operability and performance limits were explored by burning a variety of fuels, including natural gas and (simulated) synthesis gas, over a wide range of conditions to generate a steam/CO2 working fluid that was used to drive a turbo-generator. Successful demonstration led to the development of first generation zero-emission power plants (ZEPP). Fabrication and preliminary testing of 1st generation ZEPP equipment has been completed at Kimberlina power plant (KPP) including two main system components, a large combustor (170MWth) and a modified aeroderivative turbine (GE J79 turbine). Also, a reheat combustion system is being designed to improve plant efficiency. This will incorporate the combustion cans from the J79 engine, modified to accept the system’s steam/CO2 working fluid. A single-can reheat combustor has been designed and tested to verify the viability and performance of an O-F reheater can. After several successful tests of the 1st generation equipment, development started on 2nd generation power plant systems. In this program, a Siemens SGT-900 gas turbine engine will be modified and utilized in a 200MWe power plant. Like the 1st generation system, the expander section of the engine will be used as an advanced intermediate pressure turbine and the can-annular combustor will be modified into a O-F reheat combustor. Design studies are being performed to define the modifications necessary to adapt the hardware to the thermal and structural demands of a steam/CO2 drive gas including testing to characterize the materials behavior when exposed to the deleterious working environment. The results and challenges of 1st and 2nd generation oxy-fuel power plant system development are presented.

2020 Vision

1998 ◽  
Vol 212 (6) ◽  
pp. 389-483 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Joint Venture ◽  
Road Transport ◽  
Study Group ◽  
Energy Usage ◽  
Demand And Supply ◽  
The United Kingdom ◽  
The Uk ◽  
And Control ◽  
Measurement And Control ◽  
Oil Gas

The report examines aspects of the supply and use of energy and the issues which will challenge the engineer over the next 25 years. Conclusions are reached and recommendations are made with particular reference to the United Kingdom while recognizing international implications. Subject matter includes fuel supply and conversion—coal, oil, gas and uranium—and energy usage in the industrial, transport, domestic and commercial sectors. Trends in demand and supply and environmental impact are considered. The report is the product of the Energy Joint Venture Study Group of the UK Engineering Institutions which was formed at the initiative of the Engineering Council. The Institutions contributing are the IMechE, CIBSE, BNES, Institute of Energy, IEE, Institute of Civil Engineers, Institute of Measurement and Control, Institute of Mining Engineers, Institute of Road Transport Engineers, Institute of Materials, IChemE and the Institute of Gas Engineers.

Experimental Study of Flexible Electrohydrodynamic Conduction Pumping for Electronics Cooling

2020 ◽  
Vol 142 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
Nathaniel J. O'Connor ◽  
Alexander J. Castaneda ◽  
Pavolas N. Christidis ◽  
Nicolas Vayas Tobar ◽  
Michal Talmor ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Flexible Electronics ◽  
Electronics Cooling ◽  
Thermal Control ◽  
Working Fluid ◽  
Stable Operation ◽  
Manufacturing Method ◽  
And Performance ◽  
And Control ◽  
First Time

Abstract As modern-day electronics develop, electronic devices become smaller, more powerful, and are expected to operate in more diverse configurations. However, the thermal control systems that help these devices maintain stable operation must advance as well to meet the demands. One such demand is the advent of flexible electronics for wearable technology, medical applications, and biology-inspired mechanisms. This paper presents the design and performance characteristics of flexible electrohydrodynamic (EHD) pumps, based on EHD conduction pumping technology in macro- and mesoscales. Unlike mechanical pumps, EHD conduction pumps have no moving parts, can be easily adjusted to the microscale, and have been shown to generate and control the flow of refrigerants for electronics cooling applications. However, these pumping devices have only been previously tested in rigid configurations unsuitable for use with flexible electronics. In this work, for the first time, the net flow generated by flexible EHD conduction pumps is measured on a flat plane in various configurations. In this study, the results show that the flexible EHD conduction pumps are capable of generating significant flow velocities in all size scales considered in this study, with and without bending. This study also proves the viability of screen printing as a manufacturing method for these pumps. The selection of working fluid for EHD conduction pumping is also a topic of discussion. Novec Engineered Fluids have been a popular choice for EHD pumping; however, long-term testing has shown that some Novec fluids degrade over time.

Design of a Closed-Loop Optical-Access Supersonic Test Facility for Organic Vapours

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Martin T. White ◽  
Abdulnaser I. Sayma
Keyword(s):  
Test Section ◽  
Closed Loop ◽  
Operating Conditions ◽  
Test Facility ◽  
Lubricating Oil ◽  
Working Fluid ◽  
Settling Chamber ◽  
Flow Visualisation ◽  
Research Activities ◽  
Organic Fluids

Despite significant research activities into organic Rankine cycles for the conversion of low-temperature heat into power, there remain uncertainties with regards to non-ideal gas effects and their role in turbine performance. Moreover, existing performance models and numerical solvers have yet to be validated for turbines operating with organic fluids. This paper documents the design of a closed-loop supersonic test facility intended for experimental characterisation of the flow of organic fluids under typical operating conditions experienced within an ORC turbine. The test section forms part of a wider test facility, developed for the study of ORC expanders, which includes a screw compressor, the supersonic test section, a heat exchanger and an expander test section. The working fluid is R1233zd, and the test facility is sized to deliver test conditions up to 20 bar and 125 °C with a mass-flow rate of 1 kg/s. After an overview of the test facility, the detailed design of the upstream diffuser, settling chamber, contraction zone and converging-diverging nozzle to deliver a flow with a Mach number of 2 to the test section is discussed. The performance of the test section is confirmed by CFD simulations. Finally, the intended flow visualisation using particle-image velocimetry is discussed. This includes the identification of a suitable seeding method considering both liquid and solid tracer particles. The assessment is completed considering constraints such as the operating conditions, the required particle size to accurately trace the fluid flow, maintenance issues, and compatibility with the working fluid. In particular, the possibility of using the compressor lubricating oil as the seeding particle is evaluated.

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