Thermal Conductivity Testing Apparatus for 3D Printed Materials

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tiffaney Flaata ◽  
Gregory J. Michna ◽  
Todd Letcher
Keyword(s):  
Heat Transfer ◽  
Thermal Conductivity ◽  
Additive Manufacturing ◽  
3D Printing ◽  
Polymer Composite ◽  
Heat Exchangers ◽  
Fused Deposition ◽  
3D Printed ◽  
Printed Materials ◽  
Metal Polymer

Additive manufacturing, the layer-by-layer creation of parts, was initially used for rapid prototyping of new designs. Recently, due to the decrease in the cost and increase in the resolution and strength of additively manufactured parts, additive manufacturing is increasingly being used for production of parts for end-use applications. Fused Deposition Modeling (FDM), a type of 3d printing, is a process of additive manufacturing in which a molten thermoplastic material is extruded to create the desired geometry. Many potential heat transfer applications of 3d printed parts, including the development of additively manufactured heat exchangers, exist. In addition, the availability of metal/polymer composite filaments, first used for applications such as tooling for injection molding applications and to improve wear resistance, could lead to increased performance 3d printed heat exchangers because of the higher thermal conductivity of the material. However, the exploitation of 3d printing for heat transfer applications is hindered by a lack of reliable thermal conductivity data for as-printed materials, which typically include significant void fractions. In this experimental study, an apparatus to measure the effective thermal conductivity of 3d printed composite materials was designed and fabricated. Its ability to accurately measure the thermal conductivity of polymers was validated using a sample of acrylic, whose conductivity is well understood. Finally, the thermal conductivities of various 3d printed polymer, metal/polymer composite, and carbon/polymer composite filaments were measured and are reported in this paper. The materials used are acrylonitrile butadiene styrene (ABS), polylactic acid (PLA), stainless steel/PLA, Brass/PLA, and Bronze/PLA.

scholarly journals A Review Study on Mechanical Properties of Obtained Products by FDM Method and Metal/Polymer Composite Filament Production

2020 ◽  
Vol 2020 ◽  
pp. 1-9
Author(s):  
Ümit Çevik ◽  
Menderes Kam
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Additive Manufacturing ◽  
Polymer Composite ◽  
Fused Deposition Modeling ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Production Method ◽  
Context Analysis ◽  
Fused Deposition ◽  
Composite Filament ◽  
Metal Polymer

In addition to traditional manufacturing methods, Additive Manufacturing (AM) has become a widespread production technique used in the industry. The Fused Deposition Modeling (FDM) method is one of the most known and widely used additive manufacturing techniques. Due to the fact that polymer-based materials used as depositing materials by the FDM method in printing of parts have insufficient mechanical properties, the technique generally has limited application areas such as model making and prototyping. With the development of polymer-based materials with improved mechanical properties, this technique can be preferred in wider application areas. In this context, analysis of the mechanical properties of the products has an important role in the production method with FDM. This study investigated the mechanical properties of the products obtained by metal/polymer composite filament production and FDM method in detail. It was reviewed current literature on the production of metal/polymer composite filaments with better mechanical properties than filaments compatible with three-dimensional (3D) printers. As a result, it was found that by adding reinforcements of composites in various proportions, products with high mechanical properties can be obtained. Thus, it was predicted that the composite products obtained in this way can be used in wider application areas.

scholarly journals 3D printers in dentistry: a review of additive manufacturing techniques and materials

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Leonardo Portilha Gomes da Costa ◽  
Stephanie Isabel Díaz Zamalloa ◽  
Fernando Amorim Mendonça Alves ◽  
Renan Spigolon ◽  
Leandro Yukio Mano ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Additive Manufacturing ◽  
3D Printing ◽  
Fused Deposition Modeling ◽  
Dental Materials ◽  
Clinical Results ◽  
Digital Light Processing ◽  
Fused Deposition ◽  
3D Printers ◽  
Manufacturing Techniques ◽  
Printed Materials

3D printers manufacture objects used in various dental specialties. Objective: This literature review aims to explore different techniques of current 3D printers and their applications in printed materials for dental purposes. Methods: The online PubMed databases were searched aiming to find applications of different 3D printers in the dental area. The keywords searched were 3D printer, 3D printing, additive manufacturing, rapid prototyping, 3D prototyping, dental materials and dentistry. Results: From the search results, we describe Stereolithography (SLA), Digital Light Processing (DLP), Material Jetting (MJ), Fused Deposition Modeling (FDM), Binder Jetting (BJ) and Dust-based printing techniques. Conclusion: 3D printing enables different additive manufacturing techniques to be used in dentistry, providing better workflows and more satisfying clinical results.

scholarly journals Stabilization of Electrospun Nanofiber Mats Used for Filters by 3D Printing

Polymers ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (10) ◽  
pp. 1618 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kozior ◽  
Trabelsi ◽  
Mamun ◽  
Sabantina ◽  
Ehrmann
Keyword(s):  
3D Printing ◽  
Fused Deposition Modeling ◽  
Water Pressure ◽  
Volume Ratio ◽  
Fused Deposition ◽  
Rigid Objects ◽  
Deposition Modeling ◽  
3D Printed ◽  
Printed Materials ◽  
Nanofiber Mats

Electrospinning is a well-known technology used to create nanofiber mats from diverse polymers and other materials. Due to their large surface-to-volume ratio, such nanofiber mats are often applied as air or water filters. Especially the latter, however, have to be mechanically highly stable, which is challenging for common nanofiber mats. One of the approaches to overcome this problem is gluing them on top of more rigid objects, integrating them in composites, or reinforcing them using other technologies to avoid damage due to the water pressure. Here, we suggest another solution. While direct 3D printing with the fused deposition modeling (FDM) technique on macroscopic textile fabrics has been under examination by several research groups for years, here we report on direct FDM printing on nanofiber mats for the first time. We show that by choosing the proper height of the printing nozzle above the nanofiber mat, printing is possible for raw polyacrylonitrile (PAN) nanofiber mats, as well as for stabilized and even more brittle carbonized material. Under these conditions, the adhesion between both parts of the composite is high enough to prevent the nanofiber mat from being peeled off the 3D printed polymer. Abrasion tests emphasize the significantly increased mechanical properties, while contact angle examinations reveal a hydrophilicity between the original values of the electrospun and the 3D printed materials.

scholarly journals Mechanical properties comparison of PLA, tough PLA and PC 3D printed materials with infill structure – Influence of infill pattern on tensile mechanical properties

2021 ◽  
Vol 1208 (1) ◽  
pp. 012019
Author(s):  
Adi Pandzic ◽  
Damir Hodzic
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Tensile Strength ◽  
Elastic Modulus ◽  
3D Printing ◽  
Material Testing ◽  
Fused Deposition Modelling ◽  
Fused Deposition ◽  
3D Printed ◽  
Printed Materials ◽  
Product Weight

Abstract One of the advantages provided by fused deposition modelling (FDM) 3D printing technology is the manufacturing of product materials with infill structure, which provides advantages such as reduced production time, product weight and even the final price. In this paper, the tensile mechanical properties, tensile strength and elastic modulus, of PLA, Tough PLA and PC FDM 3D printed materials with the infill structure were analysed and compared. Also, the influence of infill pattern on tensile properties was analysed. Material testing were performed according to ISO 527-2 standard. All results are statistically analysed and results showed that infill pattern have influence on tensile mechanical properties for all three materials.

scholarly journals Surface Roughness Effect on the 3d Printed Butt Joints Strength

2015 ◽  
Author(s):  
V. Kovan ◽  
G. Altan ◽  
E.S. Topal ◽  
H.E. Camurlu
Keyword(s):  
Surface Roughness ◽  
Additive Manufacturing ◽  
3D Printing ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Thickness Effect ◽  
Fused Deposition Modelling ◽  
Three Dimensional Printing ◽  
Fused Deposition ◽  
3D Printed ◽  
Dimensional Object

Three-dimensional printing or 3D printing (also called additive manufacturing) is any of various processes used to make a three-dimensional object. Fused deposition modelling (FDM) is an additive manufacturing technology commonly used for modelling, prototyping, and production applications. It is one of the techniques used for 3D printing. FDM is somewhat restricted in the size and the variation of shapes that may be fabricated. For parts too large to fit on a single build, for faster job builds with less support material, or for parts with finer features, sectioning and bonding FDM parts is a great solution. The strength of adhesive bonded FDM parts is affected by the surface roughness. In this study, the layer thickness effect on bonding strength is experimentally studied and the results are discussed.

The Use of Additive Manufacturing to Fabricate Structural Components for Wearable Robotic Devices

2015 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ray Churchwell ◽  
Kevin W. Hollander ◽  
Connor Theisen
Keyword(s):  
Additive Manufacturing ◽  
3D Printing ◽  
Fused Deposition Modeling ◽  
Joint Torque ◽  
Human Gait ◽  
Structural Components ◽  
Average Force ◽  
Fused Deposition ◽  
3D Printed ◽  
Robotic Devices

Our interest is in designing, fabricating and testing wearable robotic devices that assist human gait of able bodied individuals [1, 2]. Recently, we have been experimenting with Additive Manufacturing, 3D printing, using Fused Deposition Modeling technology as a method to fabricate key structural components for these robotic devices. A key structural component for the JTAR (Joint Torque Augmentation Robot) hip exoskeleton was manufactured using 3D printing and has been destructively tested to validate design requirements, the average force required to destroy the part was 2500 N with a standard deviation of 86 N, and this level of strength provided a safety factor in excess 4 times the expected load. The 3D printed part also has been successfully demonstrated on the JTAR robot for approximately 32 kilometers of hiking with no signs of degradation. The JTAR device has been demonstrated with the 3D printed hip mechanism in various environments, including treadmills and unconstrained outdoor environments.

scholarly journals Development of Flexible and Conductive Immiscible Thermoplastic/Elastomer Monofilament for Smart Textiles Applications Using 3D Printing

Polymers ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (10) ◽  
pp. 2300 ◽  
Author(s):  
Prisca Aude Eutionnat-Diffo ◽  
Aurélie Cayla ◽  
Yan Chen ◽  
Jinping Guan ◽  
Vincent Nierstrasz ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Electrical Conductivity ◽  
3D Printing ◽  
Polymer Composite ◽  
Conductive Polymer ◽  
Flow Index ◽  
Textile Materials ◽  
Fused Deposition ◽  
Functional Textiles ◽  
3D Printed ◽  
Conductive Fillers

3D printing utilized as a direct deposition of conductive polymeric materials onto textiles reveals to be an attractive technique in the development of functional textiles. However, the conductive fillers—filled thermoplastic polymers commonly used in the development of functional textiles through 3D printing technology and most specifically through Fused Deposition Modeling (FDM) process—are not appropriate for textile applications as they are excessively brittle and fragile at room temperature. Indeed, a large amount of fillers is incorporated into the polymers to attain the percolation threshold increasing their viscosity and stiffness. For this reason, this study focuses on enhancing the flexibility, stress and strain at rupture and electrical conductivity of 3D-printed conductive polymer onto textiles by developing various immiscible polymer blends. A phase is composed of a conductive polymer composite (CPC) made of a carbon nanotubes (CNT) and highly structured carbon black (KB)- filled low-density polyethylene (LDPE) and another one of propylene-based elastomer (PBE) blends. Two requirements are essential to create flexible and highly conductive monofilaments for 3D-printed polymers onto textile materials applications. First, the co-continuity of both the thermoplastic and the elastomer phases and the location of the conductive fillers in the thermoplastic phase or at the interface of the two immiscible polymers are necessary to preserve the flexibility of the elastomer while decreasing the global amount of charges in the blends. In the present work based on theoretical models, when using a two-step melt process, the KB and CNT particles are found to be both preferentially located at the LDPE/PBE interface. Moreover, in the case of the two-step extrusion, SEM characterization showed that the KB particles were located in the LDPE while the CNT were mainly at the LDPE/PBE interface and TEM analysis demonstrated that KB and CNT nanoparticles were in LDPE and at the interface. For one-step extrusion, it was found that both KB and CNT are in the PBE and LDPE phases. These selective locations play a key role in extending the co-continuity of the LDPE and PBE phases over a much larger composition range. Therefore, the melt flow index and the electrical conductivity of monofilament, the deformation under compression, the strain and stress and the electrical conductivity of the 3D-printed conducting polymer composite onto textiles were significantly improved with KB and CNT-filled LDPE/PBE blends compared to KB and CNT-filled LDPE separately. The two-step extrusion processed 60%(LDPE16.7% KB + 4.2% CNT)/40 PBE blends presented the best properties and almost similar to the ones of the textile materials and henceforth, could be a better material for functional textile development through 3D printing onto textiles.

scholarly journals Design and Manufacturing of Si-Based Non-Oxide Cellular Ceramic Structures through Indirect 3D Printing

Materials ◽  
2022 ◽  
Vol 15 (2) ◽  
pp. 471
Author(s):  
Ghenwa El Chawich ◽  
Joelle El Hayek ◽  
Vincent Rouessac ◽  
Didier Cot ◽  
Bertrand Rebière ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
3D Printing ◽  
Fused Deposition Modeling ◽  
Surface Defects ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Dip Coating ◽  
Surface Finishing ◽  
Oxide Ceramic ◽  
Fused Deposition ◽  
3D Printed ◽  
Printed Materials

Additive manufacturing of Polymer-Derived Ceramics (PDCs) is regarded as a disruptive fabrication process that includes several technologies such as light curing and ink writing. However, 3D printing based on material extrusion is still not fully explored. Here, an indirect 3D printing approach combining Fused Deposition Modeling (FDM) and replica process is demonstrated as a simple and low-cost approach to deliver complex near-net-shaped cellular Si-based non-oxide ceramic architectures while preserving the structure. 3D-Printed honeycomb polylactic acid (PLA) lattices were dip-coated with two preceramic polymers (polyvinylsilazane and allylhydridopolycarbosilane) and then converted by pyrolysis respectively into SiCN and SiC ceramics. All the steps of the process (printing resolution and surface finishing, cross-linking, dip-coating, drying and pyrolysis) were optimized and controlled. Despite some internal and surface defects observed by topography, 3D-printed materials exhibited a retention of the highly porous honeycomb shape after pyrolysis. Weight loss, volume shrinkage, roughness and microstructural evolution with high annealing temperatures are discussed. Our results show that the sacrificial mold-assisted 3D printing is a suitable rapid approach for producing customizable lightweight highly stable Si-based 3D non-oxide ceramics.

Optimization of Degreasing-Sintering Process for Mg2Si/PLA Mixture and Influences of Additive Amount of Al on Sintered Density and Thermoelectric Performance of Mg2Si Fabricated by the Optimized Process

MRS Advances ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 5 (10) ◽  
pp. 459-467
Author(s):  
Takashi Itoh ◽  
Takumi Nakano
Keyword(s):  
3D Printing ◽  
Polymer Composite ◽  
Sintered Density ◽  
Solid Phase ◽  
Fused Deposition Modelling ◽  
Solid Phase Reaction ◽  
Phase Reaction ◽  
Sintering Process ◽  
Fused Deposition ◽  
Metal Polymer

ABSTRACTFused deposition modelling (FDM) type of 3D printing is widely used for manufacturing complex shaped polymer products. Recently, the metal/polymer composite products can be made by 3D printer using metal/polymer composite filament. Now, we are planning to develop a new manufacturing process of the thermoelectric (TE) elements or modules by combining the FDM-type 3D printing and the degreasing-sintering process. In this work, we focused on the degreasing-sintering process of the mixture of Mg2Si and polylactic acid (PLA) powders. Mg2Si compound powder was synthesized by a liquid-solid phase reaction (LSPR) method. The powder mixtures of Mg2Si, Al and PLA were pressed and heated in a pulse discharge sintering (PDS) chamber under a vacuum in various degreasing conditions. Following the degreasing, the sintering of Mg2Si was carried out in the same PDS chamber at various starting sintering temperatures. Sintered density, Seebeck coefficient and electrical resistivity of the consolidated Mg2Si were measured and the power factor as a TE performance was estimated from the TE properties. The optimum conditions of degreasing-sintering process maximizing the sintered density and the TE performance of Al-doped Mg2Si were investigated. Furthermore, the influences of the additive amount of Al on the sintered density and the TE performance of Mg2Si fabricated via the optimized degreasing-sintering process were investigated.

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