scholarly journals Design and Manufacturing of Si-Based Non-Oxide Cellular Ceramic Structures through Indirect 3D Printing

Materials ◽  
2022 ◽  
Vol 15 (2) ◽  
pp. 471
Author(s):  
Ghenwa El Chawich ◽  
Joelle El Hayek ◽  
Vincent Rouessac ◽  
Didier Cot ◽  
Bertrand Rebière ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
3D Printing ◽  
Fused Deposition Modeling ◽  
Surface Defects ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Dip Coating ◽  
Surface Finishing ◽  
Oxide Ceramic ◽  
Fused Deposition ◽  
3D Printed ◽  
Printed Materials

Additive manufacturing of Polymer-Derived Ceramics (PDCs) is regarded as a disruptive fabrication process that includes several technologies such as light curing and ink writing. However, 3D printing based on material extrusion is still not fully explored. Here, an indirect 3D printing approach combining Fused Deposition Modeling (FDM) and replica process is demonstrated as a simple and low-cost approach to deliver complex near-net-shaped cellular Si-based non-oxide ceramic architectures while preserving the structure. 3D-Printed honeycomb polylactic acid (PLA) lattices were dip-coated with two preceramic polymers (polyvinylsilazane and allylhydridopolycarbosilane) and then converted by pyrolysis respectively into SiCN and SiC ceramics. All the steps of the process (printing resolution and surface finishing, cross-linking, dip-coating, drying and pyrolysis) were optimized and controlled. Despite some internal and surface defects observed by topography, 3D-printed materials exhibited a retention of the highly porous honeycomb shape after pyrolysis. Weight loss, volume shrinkage, roughness and microstructural evolution with high annealing temperatures are discussed. Our results show that the sacrificial mold-assisted 3D printing is a suitable rapid approach for producing customizable lightweight highly stable Si-based 3D non-oxide ceramics.

scholarly journals An overview on 3D Printed Medicine

2021 ◽  
Vol 18 (1) ◽  
pp. 07-13
Author(s):  
Neha Thakur ◽  
Hari Murthy
Keyword(s):  
3D Printing ◽  
Fused Deposition Modeling ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Selective Laser Sintering ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Herbal Medicines ◽  
Fused Deposition ◽  
Digitally Controlled ◽  
3D Printed ◽  
Semi Solid

Three-dimensional printing (3DP) is a digitally-controlled additive manufacturing technique used for fast prototyping. This paper reviews various 3D printing techniques like Selective Laser Sintering (SLS), Fused Deposition Modeling, (FDM), Semi-solid extrusion (SSE), Stereolithography (SLA), Thermal Inkjet (TIJ) Printing, and Binder jetting 3D Printing along with their application in the field of medicine. Normal medicines are based on the principle of “one-size-fits-all”. This is not true always, it is possible medicine used for curing one patient is giving some side effects to another. To overcome this drawback “3D Printed medicines” are developed. In this paper, 3D printed medicines forming different Active Pharmaceutical Ingredients (API) are reviewed. Printed medicines are capable of only curing the diseases, not for the diagnosis. Nanomedicines have “theranostic” ability which combines therapeutic and diagnostic. Nanoparticles are used as the drug delivery system (DDS) to damaged cells’ specific locations. By the use of nanomedicine, the fast recovery of the disease is possible. The plant-based nanoparticles are used with herbal medicines which give low-cost and less toxic medication called nanobiomedicine. 4D and 5D printing technology for the medical field are also enlightened in this paper.

scholarly journals Stabilization of Electrospun Nanofiber Mats Used for Filters by 3D Printing

Polymers ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (10) ◽  
pp. 1618 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kozior ◽  
Trabelsi ◽  
Mamun ◽  
Sabantina ◽  
Ehrmann
Keyword(s):  
3D Printing ◽  
Fused Deposition Modeling ◽  
Water Pressure ◽  
Volume Ratio ◽  
Fused Deposition ◽  
Rigid Objects ◽  
Deposition Modeling ◽  
3D Printed ◽  
Printed Materials ◽  
Nanofiber Mats

Electrospinning is a well-known technology used to create nanofiber mats from diverse polymers and other materials. Due to their large surface-to-volume ratio, such nanofiber mats are often applied as air or water filters. Especially the latter, however, have to be mechanically highly stable, which is challenging for common nanofiber mats. One of the approaches to overcome this problem is gluing them on top of more rigid objects, integrating them in composites, or reinforcing them using other technologies to avoid damage due to the water pressure. Here, we suggest another solution. While direct 3D printing with the fused deposition modeling (FDM) technique on macroscopic textile fabrics has been under examination by several research groups for years, here we report on direct FDM printing on nanofiber mats for the first time. We show that by choosing the proper height of the printing nozzle above the nanofiber mat, printing is possible for raw polyacrylonitrile (PAN) nanofiber mats, as well as for stabilized and even more brittle carbonized material. Under these conditions, the adhesion between both parts of the composite is high enough to prevent the nanofiber mat from being peeled off the 3D printed polymer. Abrasion tests emphasize the significantly increased mechanical properties, while contact angle examinations reveal a hydrophilicity between the original values of the electrospun and the 3D printed materials.

scholarly journals Research of TPU Materials for 3D Printing Aiming at Non-Pneumatic Tires by FDM Method

Polymers ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (11) ◽  
pp. 2492
Author(s):  
Jun Wang ◽  
Bin Yang ◽  
Xiang Lin ◽  
Lei Gao ◽  
Tao Liu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
3D Printing ◽  
Fused Deposition Modeling ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Printing Technology ◽  
Performance Simulation ◽  
3D Printing Technology ◽  
Fused Deposition ◽  
3D Printed ◽  
Pneumatic Tires

3D printing technology has been widely used in various fields, such as biomedicine, clothing design, and aerospace, due to its personalized customization, rapid prototyping of complex structures, and low cost. However, the application of 3D printing technology in the field of non-pneumatic tires has not been systematically studied. In this study, we evaluated the application of potential thermoplastic polyurethanes (TPU) materials based on FDM technology in the field of non-pneumatic tires. First, the printing process of TPU material based on fused deposition modeling (FDM) technology was studied through tensile testing and SEM observation. The results show that the optimal 3D printing temperature of the selected TPU material is 210 °C. FDM technology was successfully applied to 3D printed non-pneumatic tires based on TPU material. The study showed that the three-dimensional stiffness of 3D printed non-pneumatic tires is basically 50% of that obtained by simulation. To guarantee the prediction of the performance of 3D printed non-pneumatic tires, we suggest that the performance of these materials should be moderately reduced during the structural design for performance simulation.

Biodegradable 3D Printed Polymer Microneedles for Transdermal Drug Delivery

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michael A. Luzuriaga ◽  
Danielle R. Berry ◽  
John C. Reagan ◽  
Ronald A. Smaldone ◽  
Jeremiah J. Gassensmith
Keyword(s):  
Drug Delivery ◽  
3D Printing ◽  
Transdermal Drug Delivery ◽  
Fused Deposition Modeling ◽  
Fused Deposition ◽  
Modeling Software ◽  
Deposition Modeling ◽  
3D Printed ◽  
Microfabrication Technique ◽  
Mechanical Strengths

Biodegradable polymer microneedle (MN) arrays are an emerging class of transdermal drug delivery devices that promise a painless and sanitary alternative to syringes; however, prototyping bespoke needle architectures is expensive and requires production of new master templates. Here, we present a new microfabrication technique for MNs using fused deposition modeling (FDM) 3D printing using polylactic acid, an FDA approved, renewable, biodegradable, thermoplastic material. We show how this natural degradability can be exploited to overcome a key challenge of FDM 3D printing, in particular the low resolution of these printers. We improved the feature size of the printed parts significantly by developing a post fabrication chemical etching protocol, which allowed us to access tip sizes as small as 1 μm. With 3D modeling software, various MN shapes were designed and printed rapidly with custom needle density, length, and shape. Scanning electron microscopy confirmed that our method resulted in needle tip sizes in the range of 1 – 55 µm, which could successfully penetrate and break off into porcine skin. We have also shown that these MNs have comparable mechanical strengths to currently fabricated MNs and we further demonstrated how the swellability of PLA can be exploited to load small molecule drugs and how its degradability in skin can release those small molecules over time.

scholarly journals Mechanical Characterization and Thermodynamic Analysis of Laser-Polished Landscape Design Products Using 3D Printing

Materials ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (10) ◽  
pp. 2601
Author(s):  
Yue Ba ◽  
Yu Wen ◽  
Shibin Wu
Keyword(s):  
Surface Roughness ◽  
3D Printing ◽  
Fused Deposition Modeling ◽  
High Surface ◽  
Landscape Design ◽  
Laser Polishing ◽  
Fused Deposition ◽  
Design Structure ◽  
3D Printed ◽  
Stability And Accuracy

Recent innovations in 3D printing technologies and processes have influenced how landscape products are designed, built, and developed. In landscape architecture, reduced-size models are 3D-printed to replicate full-size structures. However, high surface roughness usually occurs on the surfaces of such 3D-printed components, which requires additional post-treatment. In this work, we develop a new type of landscape design structure based on the fused deposition modeling (FDM) technique and present a laser polishing method for FDM-fabricated polylactic acid (PLA) mechanical components, whereby the surface roughness of the laser-polished surfaces is reduced from over Ra 15 µm to less than 0.25 µm. The detailed results of thermodynamics and microstructure evolution are further analyzed during laser polishing. The stability and accuracy of the results are evaluated based on the standard deviation. Additionally, the superior tensile and flexural properties are examined in the laser-polished layer, in which the ultimate tensile strength (UTS) is increased by up to 46.6% and the flexural strength is increased by up to 74.5% compared with the as-fabricated components. Finally, a real polished landscape model is simulated and optimized using a series of scales.

scholarly journals 3D Printed Clamps for In Vitro Tensile Tests of Human Gracilis and the Superficial Third of Quadriceps Tendons

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (6) ◽  
pp. 2563
Author(s):  
Ivan Grgić ◽  
Vjekoslav Wertheimer ◽  
Mirko Karakašić ◽  
Željko Ivandić
Keyword(s):  
3D Printing ◽  
Fused Deposition Modeling ◽  
Tensile Tests ◽  
Biomechanical Properties ◽  
Testing Procedure ◽  
Laboratory Equipment ◽  
Fused Deposition ◽  
Custom Made ◽  
3D Printed

Recent soft tissue studies have reported issues that occur during experimentation, such as the tissue slipping and rupturing during tensile loads, the lack of standard testing procedure and equipment, the necessity for existing laboratory equipment adaptation, etc. To overcome such issues and fulfil the need for the determination of the biomechanical properties of the human gracilis and the superficial third of the quadriceps tendons, 3D printed clamps with metric thread profile-based geometry were developed. The clamps’ geometry consists of a truncated pyramid pattern, which prevents the tendons from slipping and rupturing. The use of the thread application in the design of the clamp could be used in standard clamping development procedures, unlike in previously custom-made clamps. Fused deposition modeling (FDM) was used as a 3D printing technique, together with polylactic acid (PLA), which was used as a material for clamp printing. The design was confirmed and the experiments were conducted by using porcine and human tendons. The findings justify the usage of 3D printing technology for parts manufacturing in the case of tissue testing and establish independence from the existing machine clamp system, since it was possible to print clamps for each prepared specimen and thus reduce the time for experiment setup.

scholarly journals 3D-Printable PP/SEBS Thermoplastic Elastomeric Blends: Preparation and Properties

Polymers ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (2) ◽  
pp. 347 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shib Banerjee ◽  
Stephen Burbine ◽  
Nischay Kodihalli Shivaprakash ◽  
Joey Mead
Keyword(s):  
3D Printing ◽  
Carbon Black ◽  
Computer Aided Design ◽  
Fused Deposition Modeling ◽  
Mechanical Performance ◽  
Polymeric Materials ◽  
Fused Deposition ◽  
3D Printed ◽  
Injection Molded ◽  
Preferential Location

Currently, material extrusion 3D printing (ME3DP) based on fused deposition modeling (FDM) is considered a highly adaptable and efficient additive manufacturing technique to develop components with complex geometries using computer-aided design. While the 3D printing process for a number of thermoplastic materials using FDM technology has been well demonstrated, there still exists a significant challenge to develop new polymeric materials compatible with ME3DP. The present work reports the development of ME3DP compatible thermoplastic elastomeric (TPE) materials from polypropylene (PP) and styrene-(ethylene-butylene)-styrene (SEBS) block copolymers using a straightforward blending approach, which enables the creation of tailorable materials. Properties of the 3D printed TPEs were compared with traditional injection molded samples. The tensile strength and Young’s modulus of the 3D printed sample were lower than the injection molded samples. However, no significant differences could be found in the melt rheological properties at higher frequency ranges or in the dynamic mechanical behavior. The phase morphologies of the 3D printed and injection molded TPEs were correlated with their respective properties. Reinforcing carbon black was used to increase the mechanical performance of the 3D printed TPE, and the balancing of thermoplastic elastomeric and mechanical properties were achieved at a lower carbon black loading. The preferential location of carbon black in the blend phases was theoretically predicted from wetting parameters. This study was made in order to get an insight to the relationship between morphology and properties of the ME3DP compatible PP/SEBS blends.

Thermal Conductivity Testing Apparatus for 3D Printed Materials

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tiffaney Flaata ◽  
Gregory J. Michna ◽  
Todd Letcher
Keyword(s):  
Heat Transfer ◽  
Thermal Conductivity ◽  
Additive Manufacturing ◽  
3D Printing ◽  
Polymer Composite ◽  
Heat Exchangers ◽  
Fused Deposition ◽  
3D Printed ◽  
Printed Materials ◽  
Metal Polymer

Additive manufacturing, the layer-by-layer creation of parts, was initially used for rapid prototyping of new designs. Recently, due to the decrease in the cost and increase in the resolution and strength of additively manufactured parts, additive manufacturing is increasingly being used for production of parts for end-use applications. Fused Deposition Modeling (FDM), a type of 3d printing, is a process of additive manufacturing in which a molten thermoplastic material is extruded to create the desired geometry. Many potential heat transfer applications of 3d printed parts, including the development of additively manufactured heat exchangers, exist. In addition, the availability of metal/polymer composite filaments, first used for applications such as tooling for injection molding applications and to improve wear resistance, could lead to increased performance 3d printed heat exchangers because of the higher thermal conductivity of the material. However, the exploitation of 3d printing for heat transfer applications is hindered by a lack of reliable thermal conductivity data for as-printed materials, which typically include significant void fractions. In this experimental study, an apparatus to measure the effective thermal conductivity of 3d printed composite materials was designed and fabricated. Its ability to accurately measure the thermal conductivity of polymers was validated using a sample of acrylic, whose conductivity is well understood. Finally, the thermal conductivities of various 3d printed polymer, metal/polymer composite, and carbon/polymer composite filaments were measured and are reported in this paper. The materials used are acrylonitrile butadiene styrene (ABS), polylactic acid (PLA), stainless steel/PLA, Brass/PLA, and Bronze/PLA.

scholarly journals Visual Detection of Surface Defects Based on Self-Feature Comparison in Robot 3-D Printing

2019 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 235 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hongyao Shen ◽  
Wangzhe Du ◽  
Weijun Sun ◽  
Yuetong Xu ◽  
Jianzhong Fu
Keyword(s):  
Feature Extraction ◽  
3D Printing ◽  
Defect Detection ◽  
Point Cloud ◽  
Fused Deposition Modeling ◽  
Surface Defects ◽  
Detection Accuracy ◽  
Feature Extraction Method ◽  
Fused Deposition ◽  
Detection Technology

Fused Deposition Modeling (FDM) additive manufacturing technology is widely applied in recent years. However, there are many defects that may affect the surface quality, accuracy, or even cause the collapse of the parts in the printing process. In the existing defect detection technology, the characteristics of parts themselves may be misjudged as defects. This paper presents a solution to the problem of distinguishing the defects and their own characteristics in robot 3-D printing. A self-feature extraction method of shape defect detection of 3D printing products is introduced. Discrete point cloud after model slicing is used both for path planning in 3D printing and self-feature extraction at the same time. In 3-D printing, it can generate G-code and control the shooting direction of the camera. Once the current coordinates have been received, the self-feature extraction begins, whose key steps are keeping a visual point cloud of the printed part and projecting the feature points to the picture under the equal mapping condition. After image processing technology, the contours of pictured projected and picture captured will be detected. At last, the final defects can be identified after evaluation of contour similarity based on empirical formula. This work will help to detect the defects online, improve the detection accuracy, and reduce the false detection rate without being affected by its own characteristics.

Properties and applications of electrically conductive thermoplastics for additive manufacturing of sensors

2017 ◽  
Vol 84 (9) ◽  
Author(s):  
Benedikt Hampel ◽  
Samuel Monshausen ◽  
Meinhard Schilling
Keyword(s):  
3D Printing ◽  
Fused Deposition Modeling ◽  
Electrical Conductance ◽  
Electrically Conductive ◽  
Fused Deposition ◽  
Printing Technique ◽  
Deposition Modeling ◽  
3D Printed ◽  
3D Printing Technique ◽  
Printing Parameters

AbstractIn consequence of the growing diversity of materials in the fused deposition modeling 3D printing technique, electrically conductive materials are commercially available. In this work two filaments based on thermoplastics filled with carbon or metal nanoparticles are analyzed in terms of their electrical conductance. The printing parameters to process the materials with the 3D printer are optimized with the design of experiments (DoE) method. A model to calculate the resistance of such 3D printed structures is presented and a demonstrator as a proof of concept was 3D printed based on these results. In addition, 3D printing of capacitors is investigated.

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