NOx Reduction of a Medium Speed Diesel Engine Using a Charge Air Moisturizer System

2006 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hyoung-Keun Park ◽  
Sang-Hak Ghal ◽  
Byong-Seok Kim ◽  
Ki-Doo Kim ◽  
Jong-Suk Kim
Keyword(s):  
Diesel Engine ◽  
Combustion Chamber ◽  
Nox Reduction ◽  
Water Injection ◽  
Combustion Process ◽  
Hot Water ◽  
Nox Emission ◽  
Injection System ◽  
Medium Speed ◽  
A Charge

It is well known that water can be used to prevent NOx formation during a combustion process. It is based on the principle by decreasing flame temperature with increasing the specific heat capacity of combustion air by adding water to a combustion chamber. Introducing water into a charge air enables much more water addition into a combustion chamber than other methods, which can reduce NOx emission to lower level than the others. The method has also the advantage of low installation cost. In a general water injection system for a charge air only hot water is sprayed into the charge air and vaporized, but more effective means to introduce water into the charge air is needed because only small amount of water is evaporated in hot water injection system. In this study, steam and hot moisturizing water are injected simultaneously. The steam supplies steady additional energy for evaporation of the water and can be vapor by itself. The new method was evaluated for NOx reduction performance on a medium speed diesel engine. NOx emission was reduced to 10∼38% on the 27∼59gram water per kilogram dry air.

A Study on NOx Reduction in a Medium Speed Diesel Engine Using a Charge Air Moisturizing Method

2005 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hyoung-Keun Park ◽  
Byong-Seok Kim ◽  
Jin-Won Kim ◽  
Sang-Hak Ghal ◽  
Jong-Kuk Park
Keyword(s):  
Diesel Engine ◽  
Nox Reduction ◽  
Flame Temperature ◽  
Combustion Process ◽  
Reduction Rate ◽  
Fuel Oil ◽  
Gas Temperature ◽  
Oil Consumption ◽  
Medium Speed ◽  
A Charge

NOx forms during a combustion process and contributes to ozone, smog, acid rain, eutrophic soil, etc. The use of water to prevent NOx formation during the combustion process is well known. Adding water to the combustion process reduces the flame temperature by increasing the specific heat capacity of charge air. Moisturizing a charge air is one of the most effective methods to add water to the combustion process. In this study, the characteristics of charge air moisturizing method were evaluated on cylinder pressure, heat release rate, exhaust gas temperature, specific fuel oil consumption, NOx reduction rate, etc., using the medium speed diesel engine with a single cylinder.

Effect of Soot Radiation on Flame Temperature, NOx-Emission and Wall Heat Transfer in a Medium Speed Diesel Engine

2002 ◽  
Author(s):  
Pertti Taskinen
Keyword(s):  
Heat Transfer ◽  
Heat Flux ◽  
Diesel Engine ◽  
Soot Formation ◽  
Flame Temperature ◽  
Combustion Process ◽  
Measured Data ◽  
Nox Emission ◽  
Fuel Vapor ◽  
Medium Speed

The main aim in this study was to investigate the effect of soot radiation on the maximum flame temperature, the total heat flux to wall and the NOx-emission levels in a medium speed diesel engine. Also the effect of turbulence models (STD or RNG k-epsilon) the combustion and emission results were investigated. The RNG k-epsilon model was modified as part of the velocity dilatation term by using an analysis of rapid spherical distortion. In the modified KIVA2-CFD code the Magnussen EDC (Eddy Dissipation Concept) model was used for the fuel vapor combustion, the Tesner & Magnussen model for the soot formation, the combined Magnussen EDC/Nagle & Strickland-Constable for the soot combustion, the extended Zeldovich model for the NO-formation and the chi-squared model for the spray. Radiative heat transfer was dealt with in two ways, in the first the simplified method was used (pure soot emission) and in the second the radiative transport equation was solved with the discrete ordinate method (DOM). The soot absortion coefficient was calculated with the correlation of Kent & Honnery. The computations were done with and without radiant heat loss in order to observe the effect of soot radiation in the results. The predicted cylinder pressures and the heat release rates in both cases were compared with the corresponding measured data. The soot, NOx and heat flux results were compared to the results obtained from literature, due to the non-availability of measured data. The predicted results are reasonable and behaved correctly. The simulation results show that the effect of soot radiation in the combustion process is remarkable and therefore it has to be taken into consideration when modelling diesel engine processes. Also the modified RNG k-epsilon model yields slightly more realistic combustion results than the STD k-epsilon model.

Investigation on the Match between the Nozzle Tip Penetration and the Double-Layers Diffluent Combustion Chamber Geometry

2013 ◽  
Vol 860-863 ◽  
pp. 1738-1743
Author(s):  
Kun Peng Qi ◽  
Ming Hai Li ◽  
Wu Qiang Long
Keyword(s):  
Diesel Engine ◽  
Combustion Chamber ◽  
Fuel Injection ◽  
Combustion Process ◽  
Fuel Mixture ◽  
Injection System ◽  
Double Layers ◽  
Cylinder Pressure ◽  
Combustion System ◽  
Ratio Distribution

In order to investigate the match between the nozzle tip penetration and the double-layers diffluent combustion chamber geometry, a simulation model was developed which was based on the 135 diesel engine to simulate the equivalence ratio distribution of air-fuel mixture and the temperature distribution during combustion process. At the same time, an experiment was executed by a 135 diesel engine equipped with the high-pressure common rail fuel injection system. The research results show that the air-fuel mixture becomes more uniformed and the combustion process is improved when the nozzle tip penetration is reasonable selected which lead to higher in-cylinder pressure and better brake specific fuel consumption while NOXemission is increased and soot emission is decreased for the double-layers diffluent combustion system.

scholarly journals Combustion Thermodynamics of Ethanol, n-Heptane, and n-Butanol in a Rapid Compression Machine with a Dual Direct Injection (DDI) Supply System

Energies ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (9) ◽  
pp. 2729
Author(s):  
Ireneusz Pielecha ◽  
Sławomir Wierzbicki ◽  
Maciej Sidorowicz ◽  
Dariusz Pietras
Keyword(s):  
Heat Release ◽  
Combustion Chamber ◽  
Internal Combustion Engines ◽  
Direct Injection ◽  
Combustion Process ◽  
Combustion Efficiency ◽  
Injection System ◽  
Rapid Compression Machine ◽  
Process Indicators ◽  
Rapid Compression

The development of internal combustion engines involves various new solutions, one of which is the use of dual-fuel systems. The diversity of technological solutions being developed determines the efficiency of such systems, as well as the possibility of reducing the emission of carbon dioxide and exhaust components into the atmosphere. An innovative double direct injection system was used as a method for forming a mixture in the combustion chamber. The tests were carried out with the use of gasoline, ethanol, n-heptane, and n-butanol during combustion in a model test engine—the rapid compression machine (RCM). The analyzed combustion process indicators included the cylinder pressure, pressure increase rate, heat release rate, and heat release value. Optical tests of the combustion process made it possible to analyze the flame development in the observed area of the combustion chamber. The conducted research and analyses resulted in the observation that it is possible to control the excess air ratio in the direct vicinity of the spark plug just before ignition. Such possibilities occur as a result of the properties of the injected fuels, which include different amounts of air required for their stoichiometric combustion. The studies of the combustion process have shown that the combustible mixtures consisting of gasoline with another fuel are characterized by greater combustion efficiency than the mixtures composed of only a single fuel type, and that the influence of the type of fuel used is significant for the combustion process and its indicator values.

Analysis and Research of the Combustion Process of YN4100QB Diesel Engine

2013 ◽  
Vol 744 ◽  
pp. 35-39
Author(s):  
Lei Ming Shi ◽  
Guang Hui Jia ◽  
Zhi Fei Zhang ◽  
Zhong Ming Xu
Keyword(s):  
Diesel Engine ◽  
Internal Combustion Engine ◽  
Combustion Chamber ◽  
Optimization Design ◽  
Combustion Engine ◽  
Geometric Model ◽  
Combustion Process ◽  
Internal Combustion ◽  
Engine Combustion ◽  
Exhaust Noise

In order to obtain the foundation to the research on the Diesel Engine YN4100QB combustion process, exhaust, the optimal design of combustion chamber and the useful information for the design of exhaust muffler, the geometric model and mesh model of a type internal combustion engine are constructed by using FIRE software to analyze the working process of internal combustion engine. Exhaust noise is the main component of automobile noise in the study of controlling vehicle noise. It is primary to design a type of muffler which is good for agricultural automobile engine matching and noise reduction effect. The present car mufflers are all development means. So it is bound to cause the long cycle of product development and waste of resources. Even sometimes not only can it not reach the purpose of reducing the noise but also it leads to reduce the engine dynamic. The strength of the exhaust noise is closely related to engine combustion temperature and pressure. The calculation and initial parameters are applied to the software based on the combustion model and theory. According to the specific operation process of internal combustion engine. Five kinds of common operation condition was compiled. It is obtained for the detailed distribution parameters of combusted gas temperature pressure . It is also got for flow velocity of the fields in cylinder and given for the relation of the parameters and crankshaft angle for the further research. At the same time NOx emissions situation are got. The numerical results show that not only does it provide the 3D distribution data in different crank shaft angle inside the cylinder in the simulation of combustion process, but also it provides a basis for the engine combustion ,emission research, the optimization design of the combustion chamber and the useful information for the designs of muffler.

Water Addition in Diesel Engine Intake for NOx Reduction: Comparison of Modeling and Experiments

2003 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bhaskar Tamma ◽  
Juan Carlos Alvarez ◽  
Aaron J. Simon
Keyword(s):  
Diesel Engine ◽  
Fuel Efficiency ◽  
Nox Reduction ◽  
Engine Performance ◽  
Thermodynamic Cycle ◽  
Nox Emission ◽  
Water Addition ◽  
Predictive Tool ◽  
Fuel Flow ◽  
Influence Of Water

Reduction in emissions, especially NOx has been the main study of various engine researchers in the light of stringent emission norms. To reduce the time and cost involved in testing these technologies, engine thermodynamic cycle predictive tools are used. The present work uses one such predictive tool (GT Power from Gamma Technologies) for predicting the influence of water addition in a turbocharged 6-cylinder diesel engine intake on engine performance and NOx emissions. The experiments for comparison with modeling included the introduction of liquid water in the engine intake stream, between the compressor and intercooler ranging from 0 to 100% of fuel flow rate. NOx emission reduced linearly with water addition with reduction of 63% with less than 1% penalty on fuel efficiency at 100% water addition. The GT Power model predicted the performance within 5% of experimental data and NOx emission within 10% of the experiments.

Experimental and theoretical study of particulate re-entrainment from the combustion chamber walls of a diesel engine

1997 ◽  
Vol 211 (1) ◽  
pp. 49-57 ◽  
Author(s):  
M Abu-Qudais ◽  
D. B. Kittelson
Keyword(s):  
Particulate Matter ◽  
Diesel Engine ◽  
Combustion Chamber ◽  
Mass Concentration ◽  
High Surface ◽  
Combustion Process ◽  
Surface Shear ◽  
Time Resolved ◽  
Soot Deposition ◽  
Engine Cycle

The purpose of this research was to investigate the influence of the in-cylinder surfaces on the net emission of the particulate matter in the exhaust of a single cylinder, diesel engine. In order to obtain this information, time-resolved sampling was done to characterize the particulate matter emitted in the engine exhaust. A rotating probe sampled the free exhaust plume once each engine cycle. The rotation of the probe was synchronized with the engine cycle in such a way that the samples could be taken at any predetermined crank angle degree window. The sampling probe was designed for isokinetic sampling in order to obtain reliable results. To characterize the exhaust particulate in real time, a filter for mass concentration measurements was used. The results showed about 45 per cent higher mass concentrations as well as particles of larger diameter emitted during blowdown than late in the displacement phase of the exhaust stroke. This suggests that high in-cylinder shear rates and velocities which are associated with the blowdown process, cause the deposited soot to be re-entrained from the surfaces of the combustion chamber, where re-entrainment is favoured by conditions of high surface shear. A mathematical model to predict the amount of soot re-entrained from the cylinder walls is presented. This model is based on information presented in the literature along with the results of the time-resolved measurements of mass concentration. This model supported the hypothesis of soot deposition during the combustion process, with subsequent re-entrainment during the blowdown process of the exhaust stroke.

A comprehensive evaluation of water injection in the diesel engine

2021 ◽  
pp. 146808742110442
Author(s):  
Sebastian Welscher ◽  
Mohammad Hossein Moradi ◽  
Antonino Vacca ◽  
Peter Bloch ◽  
Michael Grill ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Diesel Engine ◽  
Internal Combustion Engines ◽  
Comprehensive Evaluation ◽  
Combustion Engine ◽  
Water Injection ◽  
Combustion Process ◽  
Internal Combustion ◽  
Exhaust Emission ◽  
Pressure Trace ◽  
High Level

Due to increasing climate awareness and the introduction of much stricter exhaust emission legislation the internal combustion engine technology faces major challenges. Although the development and state of technology of internal combustion engines generally reached a very high level over the last years those need to be improved even more. Combining water injection with a diesel engine, therefore, seems to be the next logical step in developing a highly efficient drive train for future mobility. To investigate these potentials, a comprehensive evaluation of water injection on the diesel engine was carried out. This study covers >560 individual operating points on the test bench. The tests were carried out on a single-cylinder derived from a Euro 6d four-cylinder passenger car with the port water injection. Furthermore, a detailed pressure trace analysis (PTA) was performed to evaluate various aspects regarding combustion, emission, etc. The results show no significant effects of water injection on the combustion process, but great potential for NOx reduction. It has been shown that with the use of water injection at water-to-fuel rates of 25%, 50%, and 100%, NOx reduction without deterioration of soot levels can be achieved in 62%, 40%, and 20% of the experiments, respectively. Furthermore, water injection in combination with EGR offers additional reduction in NOx emissions.

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