Achievements and Current Issues in Decommissioning of Research Reactors

2003 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michele Laraia
Keyword(s):  
State Of The Art ◽  
Nuclear Research ◽  
Practical Experience ◽  
Financial Resources ◽  
Extended State ◽  
Member States ◽  
Staff Morale ◽  
Research Reactors ◽  
Know How ◽  
Learning From Others

Although the state-of-the-art technology for decommissioning nuclear research reactors is probably adequate to cope with most difficulties associated with the dismantling of such facilities, it is generally imperative to improve, adapt or optimise technologies for the specific needs of the reactor to be dismantled. Learning from others rather than re-inventing the wheel makes sense in today’s globalisation context. This approach is expected to match the needs of many developing countries. The objective of the IAEA’s Co-ordinated Research Project (CRP) on Decommissioning Techniques for Research Reactors was to promote the exchange of information on the practical experience gained by Member States in decommissioning or operation, maintenance, and refurbishment activities which would be eventually related to the decommissioning of research reactors. Special emphasis was given to the development/adaptation of methods and approaches for optimisation of the decommissioning process. Fourteen institutions from thirteen Member States of the IAEA took part in this CRP that lasted from 1997 to 2002. It is felt that the IAEA project succeeded in transferring information and know-how from active decommissioning projects to those planning for decommissioning. It is also expected that this project will draw Member States’ attention to the need for timely planning for and implementation of decommissioning. In some Member States there are research reactors that are kept in an extended state of shutdown, pending decisions on continued operation, extensive refurbishment or decommissioning. This situation — which frequently lasts for many years — weighs heavily on staff morale and motivation, state resources, entails deterioration of structures and components, and may in the longer term have very serious safety implications. The IAEA project is expected to offer the Member States the opportunity of considering financial and other impacts of decommissioning research reactors, so that decommissioning actions can be initiated without undue delay. Aspects such as fuel and waste management and provisions for other technical, administrative and financial resources require timely preparation.

scholarly journals CO2Laser Cutting, 2nd Edition, John Powell. 1998. Springer-Verlag. 248 pp. $79.95. ISBN 1-852-33047-3.

2000 ◽  
Vol 18 (4) ◽  
pp. 715-717
Author(s):  
Alexander F.H. Kaplan
Keyword(s):  
Laser Cutting ◽  
State Of The Art ◽  
Practical Experience ◽  
Job Shops ◽  
Power Laser ◽  
Laser Materials ◽  
Widespread Application ◽  
Know How ◽  
Highly Active ◽  
Technical Director

This book treats the most widespread application of high-power laser materials processing, that is, CO2 laser cutting. Although called CO2 laser cutting, most of the content of the book is also valid for cutting with other lasers such as Nd:YAG or Cu Vapor lasers. The technology is described in a very useful style by emphasizing practical aspects and by replacing highly scientific phrases by clear, illustrative explanations. Nevertheless, this guide through the complex field of laser cutting is accompanied by critical physical explanations throughout the whole book. It should be emphasized that Dr. Powell is the technical director of two job shops on laser cutting, but has also been highly active in science for many years. This ideal combination of practical experience with scientific know-how is reflected throughout the whole book by highlighting the practical aspects of laser cutting, often accompanied by very critical scientific explanations. It should be noted that the present second edition of the book differs from the first edition, printed in 1993, only by several pages that had to be updated according to the state of the art.

scholarly journals Probabilistic Safety Analysis and Risk-Based Inspection of nuclear research reactors: state-of-the-art and implementation proposal

2021 ◽  
Vol 8 (3B) ◽  
Author(s):  
Raíssa Oliveira Marques ◽  
Vanderley Vasconcelos ◽  
Wellington Antonio Soares ◽  
Silvério Ferreira Silva Júnior ◽  
Amanda Laureano Raso ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
State Of The Art ◽  
Nuclear Research ◽  
Safety Analysis ◽  
Research Reactors ◽  
Probabilistic Safety

ACCELERATED LIFE TESTING OF COMPONENTS OF NUCLEAR RESEARCH REACTORS

2016 ◽  
Author(s):  
Vanderley Vasconcelos ◽  
WELLINGTON SOARES ◽  
Antonio Carlos Lopes da Costa ◽  
Raíssa Oliveira Marques
Keyword(s):  
Nuclear Research ◽  
Accelerated Life Testing ◽  
Life Testing ◽  
Research Reactors ◽  
Accelerated Life

Alternative to nuclear research reactors: the ADONIS concept

1997 ◽  
Author(s):  
Pierre J. D'hondt ◽  
Luc Van Den Durpel ◽  
H. A. Abderrahim ◽  
Yves Jongen ◽  
Pascal Cohilis
Keyword(s):  
Nuclear Research ◽  
Research Reactors

scholarly journals Studies on Production Planning of Dispersion Type U<sub>3</sub>Si<sub>2</sub>-Al Fuel in Plate-Type Fuel Elements for Nuclear Research Reactors

2016 ◽  
Vol 06 (04) ◽  
pp. 217-231
Author(s):  
Miguel Luiz Miotto Negro ◽  
Michelangelo Durazzo ◽  
Marco Aurélio de Mesquita ◽  
Elita Fontenele Urano de Carvalho ◽  
Delvonei Alves de Andrade
Keyword(s):  
Production Planning ◽  
Nuclear Research ◽  
Research Reactors ◽  
Fuel Elements ◽  
Type Fuel ◽  
Plate Type

scholarly journals Retained Austenite Benefits or Avoidance Requires Dependable Determination

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Thomas Wingens
Keyword(s):  
Retained Austenite ◽  
State Of The Art ◽  
Practical Experience ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Heat Treated ◽  
Individual Solution ◽  
The Right

Abstract Retained austenite can be disastrous or increase the life of heat treated components. However, discussions on the right amount of retained austenite are only meaningful when measured correctly. The proper determination in microstructures samples requires a trained metallurgist and remains to be very subjective to the individual’s eye. Company standards of microstructure tables are used as individual solution. However, factual results are only achievable with the use of an X-ray diffractometer. This paper discusses the practical experience of metallurgical results and shows state of the art solutions as today’s standard.

scholarly journals Kertsopoulos Innovation: The Three Multi-plane Polarities and the Three Interactions and Schematic Representations in the Sense of the General Cause of the Dynamic Difference

2019 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Magnetic Fields ◽  
Magnetic System ◽  
State Of The Art ◽  
Magnetic Devices ◽  
Know How ◽  
Patented Invention ◽  
Scientific Laws ◽  
First Time ◽  
Multiple Interactions

As it is known: in the state of the art, the like and the unlike polarity between two magnets remains independent of the distance between them. According to the invention: “Magnetic System of Three Interactions”, International office of patents WIPO-PCT, bearing the No WO/2013/136097of the inventor Georgios K. Kertsopoulos, the like and the unlike polarity between two magnetic constructions depends on the distance between them [1], [2], [3], [4], [5], [6], [7], [8], [9], [10]. The know-how of the invention makes it possible for interacting magnetic constructions to possess and perform interchangeable more than 96 polarities and interactions. Polarities and magnetic fields can in multiple ways interchange, depending on the varying distance between two interacting confronted magnetic constructions, offering many new variable design capabilities. For the first time, new types of poles are created, for example: simultaneous like-unlike poles or simultaneous unlike-like poles are created, causing stable or unstable balance as an interaction; also, for the first time in magnetism, new types of magnetic fields are formed never before observed, for example: remote fields of very strong attraction, without however, the contact of the magnetic constructions. The magnetic devices that perform these multiple interactions are fully patented internationally, published in a book in English, by the inventor a book in English, by the inventor [11]. The new scientific laws and principles, revealed through these experiments enrich the very basics, the foundation of magnetism, since many new types of polarities and interactions are introduced and are made possible for the first time in science and technology. In figure 1 of the article we observe the division and determination of the empty air space, between the magnetic constructions, at three distances and two boundaries which apply both for the like and the unlike front poles and in figure 2 we observe the three typical spatial distances, the three multi-plane polarities and the three interactions with properties and with spatial boundaries and interactions based on the bundles of the dynamic lines between the two magnetic constructions, on the guide, when the poles of the front poles of the arrangements are initially like. Furthermore, in figure 7 we observe a schematic representation of the three different fields (175), (177) and (178) between the above-mentioned magnetic arrangements of the constructions of the invention, with initially like front poles, in the sense of the general cause of the dynamic difference. This article is in continuation of the following published article that introduces the reader to the invention’s technology: Georgios K. Kertsopoulos (2018) Innovation article: 36 over passed restrictions of magnetism achieved by the 96 multiple magnetic polarities-interactions performed by the Kertsopoulos world patented invention vs. the known two. Advances in Nanoscience and nanotechnology [12]. https://www.opastonline.com/wp-content/uploads/2018/12/36-over-passed-restrictions-of-magnetism-achieved-by-the-96- multiple-magnetic-polarities-interactions-performed-by-the-kertsopoulos-world-ann-18.pdf?fbclid=IwAR1jYPFME5mhX2FLbKKTPAdu0YMe3FqHtoUdoRoeao8mKIp1GRuWeovEaA

State of the Art of Nuclear Reactor Instrument Automation

1974 ◽  
Vol 96 (4) ◽  
pp. 394-398
Author(s):  
M. Taeschner ◽  
R. Gariod
Keyword(s):  
High Performance ◽  
Nuclear Reactor ◽  
Research Reactor ◽  
State Of The Art ◽  
Nuclear Research ◽  
Automation System ◽  
Nuclear Research Reactor ◽  
High Investment

Due to its complexity, nuclear reactor instrument automation is a challenge to engineers. High investment and running costs of a nuclear research reactor imply the use of advanced equipment and concepts for instrument automation when striving for high performance, reliability, and operational convenience under budgetary pressure. The article describes a successfully operating instrument automation system stressing the important underlying concepts trying to avoid too much details on specific hardware which is dependent on the time when one must order things.

23. Trade Secrets

2019 ◽  
pp. 513-522
Author(s):  
Justine Pila ◽  
Paul L.C. Torremans
Keyword(s):  
Legal Protection ◽  
Trade Secret ◽  
Trade Secrets ◽  
Member States ◽  
Legal Rules ◽  
Know How ◽  
Business Information ◽  
Minimal Form ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
Trade Secret Protection

This chapter deals with the legal protection of trade secrets. Traditionally, trade secret protection was left to the national laws of Member States. These national regimes are rooted firmly in existing legal rules in the areas of unfair competition, tort, or breach of confidence. And there is also the “Directive on the protection of undisclosed know-how and business information (trade secrets) against their unlawful acquisition, use, and disclosure”. The Directive seeks to impose on Member States a minimal form of harmonization and uniformity. It does not impose a (Community) right in relation to a trade secret, but it works with a common basic definition of a trade secret, the principle that there needs to be redress for the unlawful acquisition, use, or disclosure of a trade secret, and a catalogue of measures and remedies.

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