Advanced 3D Modeling and Simulation Techniques for Decommissioning of A-1 NPP

Author(s):  
Pavol Voza´r ◽  
Vladimi´r Sleza´k ◽  
Kamil Krava´rik

This paper deals with advanced 3D computer-aided technologies used for modelling and simulation for decommissioning purposes. Within the A-1 NPP decommissioning process a set of activities is needed to perform successful dismantling and decontamination of rooms and equipment. Optimal process of performance of D&D of underground storage tanks and auxiliary rooms were used on the base of simulation outputs. The mockup tests were performed before using remotely controlled manipulators. The human presence during decontamination and dismantling is case by case excluded due to the radiation safety and ALARA approach. Within Bohunice A-1 Decommissioning Project an advanced computer-aided technologies were/are developed and used. Modelling software packages EUCLID and 3Dipsos together with 3D-laser scanner SOISIC are used for creating of 3D models and also for the verification of as-built state of selected systems and facilities. Software IGRIP is used for computer simulations of all D&D tasks. The 3D modelling and simulation of selected rooms and technological equipment of the A-1 NPP are used consequently in the process of decommissioning preparation and implementation. 3D modelling for the verification and simulation of operating steps is presented in the paper and its contribution to avoiding of collisions and non-optimal interventions into the building and technological parts during performing particular works is evaluated. The application of 3D models for the verification and simulation of operating steps significantly contribute to the optimal planning of D&D procedures. Minimisation of occupation doses of realisation personnel is main reason why the 3D modelling and simulations are used. The paper also presented 3D models of rooms chosen to simulate specific operations (decontamination, handling of radioactive wastes and/or dismantling by remote controlled manipulators) without risk accident, high dose rates of personnel etc. Process of selection of optimal operating procedure for decontamination and dismantling is presented as well as achieved experiences and recommendations for further work.

2010 ◽  
Vol 133-134 ◽  
pp. 125-130
Author(s):  
Dorottya Makay ◽  
Boróka Sándor ◽  
B. Bordás ◽  
Zs Blénesi

Computer aided modelling, software options, as well as hardware performances have developed rapidly in the last several decades. Though the time required for building up a holistic 3D mechanical computer model for a baroque roof structure decreased significantly, it may be worth to stop at simple calculus, 2D or limited 3D modelling level, in various cases. Conclusions of the present lecture aim to identify the accuracy and reliability of the 4 levels of modelling. The recommendations formulated intend to identify the appropriate level of research according to the span, historic roof-type and state of decay of a given roof that is to be conserved. Research schemes are also suggested, aiming to offer an efficient tool for experts and engineers according to the complexity of the assessment.


Heritage ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 2 (3) ◽  
pp. 1835-1851 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hafizur Rahaman ◽  
Erik Champion

The 3D reconstruction of real-world heritage objects using either a laser scanner or 3D modelling software is typically expensive and requires a high level of expertise. Image-based 3D modelling software, on the other hand, offers a cheaper alternative, which can handle this task with relative ease. There also exists free and open source (FOSS) software, with the potential to deliver quality data for heritage documentation purposes. However, contemporary academic discourse seldom presents survey-based feature lists or a critical inspection of potential production pipelines, nor typically provides direction and guidance for non-experts who are interested in learning, developing and sharing 3D content on a restricted budget. To address the above issues, a set of FOSS were studied based on their offered features, workflow, 3D processing time and accuracy. Two datasets have been used to compare and evaluate the FOSS applications based on the point clouds they produced. The average deviation to ground truth data produced by a commercial software application (Metashape, formerly called PhotoScan) was used and measured with CloudCompare software. 3D reconstructions generated from FOSS produce promising results, with significant accuracy, and are easy to use. We believe this investigation will help non-expert users to understand the photogrammetry and select the most suitable software for producing image-based 3D models at low cost for visualisation and presentation purposes.


2020 ◽  
Vol 19 ◽  
pp. 59-71
Author(s):  
Nicholas Batakanwa ◽  
Tomasz Lipecki

The article presents the possibilities of using a video camera to create a 3D metric model of engineering objects using Agisoft and CloudCompare software. Traditional photogrammetry technique does not always match up with production urgency needed by the market. Complexity is seen when used in huge objects leading to rise of cost, time and tediousness of the work. The use of Video Camera technique here termed as videogrammetry technique is comparable to taking pictures, however, it allows to speed up the process of obtaining data, which in many cases is a key element in anyb any project or research. The analysis of the quality of 3D modelling of the three filmed objects was performed, which allowed the authors to refine the procedure for acquiring images for spatial analyses. The applied technique of “videogrammetry” is comparable to taking pictures, but allows the data acquisition process to speed up, which in many cases is a key element in field research. 3D objects videos from no-metric camera were processed by Agisoft Metashape. To be able to assess the accuracy of the videogrammetry data, a well-established Laser scanner technique’s data was used for comparison. The laser scanner data were pre-processed in Autodesk Recap. Manual registration was performed utilizing 14 points from the three scans. The two 3D models were exported to CloudCompare software for comparison and further analysis. An analysis of the quality of 3D modelling of the three objects filmed was performed, which allowed refining the procedure for obtaining images for spatial analysis. The article presents the possibilities of using a non-metric mobile phone video camera “videogrammetry” to create a metric 3D model of engineering objects using Agisoft and CloudCompare software. In CloudCompare a registration, cloud to cloud (C2C) and profile to profile analysis was performed to determine the uncertainty of the 3D model produced from videogrammetry data determined as distance of separation between the two models. Results show average distance of separation between laser scanner and videogrammetry derived 3D model point cloud to be 34cm, the average profile separation was 25 cm in XY plane and 1.9 cm in Z-plane. Using Cloud to Cloud PCV the average difference of 84 cm was determined.


Author(s):  
L. Lastilla ◽  
R. Ravanelli ◽  
M. Valério ◽  
S. Ferrara

Abstract. Rongorongo is an undeciphered script inscribed on wooden objects from Easter Island (Rapa Nui) in the Pacific Ocean. The existing editions of the inscriptions, and their widespread locations in museums and archives all over the world today constitute a serious obstacle to any objective paleographical assessment. Thus, with a view to a potential decipherment, creating 3D models of the available corpus is of crucial importance, and one of the objectives of the ERC INSCRIBE project, based at the University of Bologna with Professor S. Ferrara as Principal Investigator. In this preliminary work, we present the results of the 3D digitization of the Mamari tablet, one of the longest inscriptions in Rongorongo, housed in the Museum Archives of the Congregazione dei Sacri Cuori di Ges`u e Maria in Rome. The tablet is made of wood, with a shiny reflecting surface, characterized by a mainly dark texture. The 3D modelling was carried out with the ScanRider 1.2 laser scanner manufactured by VGER, based on Structured Light technology, taking care to ensure the legibility of each sign while preserving the overall shape of the object as precisely as possible. To overcome the difficulties inherent in the object’s complex fabric, the Mamari tablet was acquired in separate sections (joined together during processing through specific markers), thus managing to optimize the optical parameters of the laser scanner, such as the exposure of the camera and the depth of field of the projector. Furthermore, an evaluation of the 3D reconstruction precision was also carried out, highlighting a precision of few hundredths of millimeters, in agreement with the claimed nominal standard deviation. In addition to the 3D model produced, one of the main results of this endeavor was the definition of a successful method to scan such complex objects, which will be replicated to finalize the complete 3D modelling of the whole Rongorongo corpus of inscriptions.


2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (24) ◽  
pp. 39
Author(s):  
Dario Giuffrida ◽  
Viviana Mollica Nardo ◽  
Oreste Adinolfi ◽  
Maria Amalia Mastelloni ◽  
Rosina Celeste Ponterio

<p class="VARKeywords">The new tools for 3D survey and modelling (as portable scanners and software packages), often in combination with diagnostics, are nowadays able to provide indispensable elements for the study of archaeological artefacts; their applications to museum’s heritage can be also useful to integrate the traditional graphic documentation and contribute to enhancement and dissemination. This paper shows the benefit of using the aforementioned tools to study the peculiar clay mask No. 11114-E, discovered in 1973 in the Greek necropolis of Lipára, inside tomb No. 1558. The specimen, now exhibited in the Classical Section of the Aeolian Museum, is considered unique both in the Aeolian Islands and in the ancient Greek world, as it is the only one merging two half faces attributable to different characters. This feature, unknown at the time of discovery, has been highlighted in 2018, thanks to a restoration intervention by which a hard concretion layer covering a large portion of the mask surface was removed, bringing to light a smiling young half-face next to an old one with Silenic features. In 2019, the mask was surveyed in situ through a portable and performing laser-scanner arm (the QuantumTM FaroArm by FARO) to produce a high-resolution 3D model useful to enhance the reading of the two halves (not evident enough, due to its state of preservation). The data processing was performed using the Geomagic Wrap software, able to align and merge multiple scans into a single model and to export results in multiple formats, easily shareable and viewable in free software or via the web. Finally, thanks to this method, the successful generation of a digital replica was performed; the resulting replica is useful for dissemination and as a support for the hypothetical reconstruction of the two prototypes taken as models by the craftsman who created the mask.</p><p><strong>Highlights:</strong></p><ul><li><p>A 'mobile laboratory’ consisting of portable equipment has been set up to perform 3D metric surveys on a selection of artefacts preserved at the Museum of Lipari.</p></li><li><p>By means of an ultra-precision laser-scanner arm, a 3D survey on a miniaturistic double-faced mask, belonging to the classical theatrical terracotta, has been performed.</p></li><li><p>A geometrically accurate and realistic 3D final model has been created. This helped the study and reconstruction of the two characters composing the mask.</p></li></ul>


Author(s):  
A. Scianna ◽  
G. F. Gaglio ◽  
M. La Guardia

Abstract. The world of valorization of Cultural Heritage is even more focused on the virtual representation and reconstructions of digital 3D models of monuments and archaeological sites. In this scenario the quality and the performances offered by the virtual reality (VR) and augmented reality (AR) navigation take primary importance, improving the accessibility of cultural sites where the real access is not allowed for natural conditions or human possibilities. The creation of a virtual environment useful for these purposes requires a specific workflow to follow, combining different strategies in the fields of survey, 3D modelling and virtual navigation. In this work a specific case of study has been analyzed as a practical example, the church of ‘San Giorgio dei Genovesi’, settled in the Historic Centre of Palermo (Italy). The acquisition of geometric information has been obtained with the integration of Terrestrial Laser Scanner (TLS) technologies and the photogrammetric reconstruction from mini Unmanned Aerial Vehicle (UAV) equipment. The obtained point cloud has been georeferred considering a network of Ground Control Points (GCP) acquired by a Global Navigation Satellite System (GNSS) receiver. The final point cloud has been processed and properly simplified through 3D modelling procedures, to obtain a realistic and light 3D model reconstruction. The model has hence employed into a VR WEB navigation system and will be used for AR outdoor application in the future, allowing to obtain different solutions for empowering the accessibility of the cultural good. The strategy of 3D CH model reconstruction, followed in this work, could be considered a reference methodology for the development of VR gaming applications finalized to CH valorization and AR applications, applied to museums or touristic paths in historical centres.


Author(s):  
M. Isaacson ◽  
M.L. Collins ◽  
M. Listvan

Over the past five years it has become evident that radiation damage provides the fundamental limit to the study of blomolecular structure by electron microscopy. In some special cases structural determinations at very low doses can be achieved through superposition techniques to study periodic (Unwin & Henderson, 1975) and nonperiodic (Saxton & Frank, 1977) specimens. In addition, protection methods such as glucose embedding (Unwin & Henderson, 1975) and maintenance of specimen hydration at low temperatures (Taylor & Glaeser, 1976) have also shown promise. Despite these successes, the basic nature of radiation damage in the electron microscope is far from clear. In general we cannot predict exactly how different structures will behave during electron Irradiation at high dose rates. Moreover, with the rapid rise of analytical electron microscopy over the last few years, nvicroscopists are becoming concerned with questions of compositional as well as structural integrity. It is important to measure changes in elemental composition arising from atom migration in or loss from the specimen as a result of electron bombardment.


Author(s):  
D.T. Grubb

Diffraction studies in polymeric and other beam sensitive materials may bring to mind the many experiments where diffracted intensity has been used as a measure of the electron dose required to destroy fine structure in the TEM. But this paper is concerned with a range of cases where the diffraction pattern itself contains the important information.In the first case, electron diffraction from paraffins, degraded polyethylene and polyethylene single crystals, all the samples are highly ordered, and their crystallographic structure is well known. The diffraction patterns fade on irradiation and may also change considerably in a-spacing, increasing the unit cell volume on irradiation. The effect is large and continuous far C94H190 paraffin and for PE, while for shorter chains to C 28H58 the change is less, levelling off at high dose, Fig.l. It is also found that the change in a-spacing increases at higher dose rates and at higher irradiation temperatures.


2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Konrad P. Nesteruk ◽  
Michele Togno ◽  
Martin Grossmann ◽  
Anthony J. Lomax ◽  
Damien C. Weber ◽  
...  

2011 ◽  
Vol 6 ◽  
pp. 275-282 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. Re ◽  
S. Robson ◽  
R. Roncella ◽  
M Hess

In the cultural heritage field the recording and documentation of small and medium size objects with very detailed Digital Surface Models (DSM) is readily possible by through the use of high resolution and high precision triangulation laser scanners. 3D surface recording of archaeological objects can be easily achieved in museums; however, this type of record can be quite expensive. In many cases photogrammetry can provide a viable alternative for the generation of DSMs. The photogrammetric procedure has some benefits with respect to laser survey. The research described in this paper sets out to verify the reconstruction accuracy of DSMs of some archaeological artifacts obtained by photogrammetric survey. The experimentation has been carried out on some objects preserved in the Petrie Museum of Egyptian Archaeology at University College London (UCL). DSMs produced by two photogrammetric software packages are compared with the digital 3D model obtained by a state of the art triangulation color laser scanner. Intercomparison between the generated DSM has allowed an evaluation of metric accuracy of the photogrammetric approach applied to archaeological documentation and of precision performances of the two software packages.


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