Abstract
The variably-timed flux updating (VTU) finite difference technique is extended to two dimensions. VTU simulations of miscible floods on a repeated five-spot pattern are compared with exact solutions and with solutions obtained by front tracking. It is found that for neutral and favorable mobility ratios. VTU gives accurate results even on a coarse mesh and reduces numerical dispersion by a factor of 10 or more over the level generated by conventional single-point (SP) upstream weighting. For highly unfavorable mobility ratios, VTU reduces numerical dispersion. but on a coarse mesh the simulation is nevertheless inaccurate because of the inherent inadequacy of the finite-difference estimation of the flow field.
Introduction
A companion paper (see Pages 399-408) introduced the one-dimensional version of VTU for controlling numerical dispersion in finite-difference simulation of displacements in porous media. For linear and nonlinear, one- and two-independent-component problems, VTU resulted in more than an order-of-magnitude reduction in numerical dispersion over conventional explicit. SP upstream-weighted simulations with the same number of gridblocks. In this paper, the technique is extended to two dimensional (2D) problems, which require solution of a set of coupled partial differential equations that express conservation of material components-i.e.,
(1)
and
(2)
Fi, the fractional flux of component i, is a function of the set of s - 1 independent-component fractional concentrations {Ci}, which prevail at the given position and time., the dispersion flux, is given by an expression that is linear in the specie concentration gradients. The velocity, is proportional to the pressure gradient,.
(3)
where lambda, in general, can be a function of composition and of the magnitude of the pressure gradient. The premises on which Eqs. 1 through 3 rest are stated in the companion paper.
VTU in Two Dimensions
The basic idea of variably-timed flux updating is to use finite-difference discretization of time and space, but to update the flux of a component not every timestep, but with a frequency determined by the corresponding concentration velocity -i.e., the velocity of propagation of fixed concentration of that component. The concentration velocity is a function of time and position. In the formulation described here, the convected flux is upstream-weighted, and all variables except pressure are evaluated explicitly. As described in the companion paper (SPE 8027), the crux of the method is the estimation of the number of timesteps required for a fixed concentration to traverse from an inflow to an outflow face of a gridblock. This task is simpler in one dimension, where there is only one inflow and one outflow face per gridblock, than it is in two dimensions, where each gridblock has in general multiple inflow and outflow faces.
SPEJ
P. 409^
Assessing a Linear Nanosystem's Limiting Reliability from its Components
