Synergistic Effect of Neutron and Gamma Irradiation on CMOS Integrated Circuits

2010 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yan Liu ◽  
Xiaoming Jin ◽  
Wei Chen ◽  
Dongsheng Lin ◽  
Shanchao Yang
Keyword(s):  
Integrated Circuits ◽  
Synergistic Effect ◽  
Gamma Irradiation ◽  
Gamma Ray ◽  
Synergistic Effects ◽  
Cmos Integrated Circuits ◽  
Functional Tests ◽  
Displacement Damage ◽  
High Neutron ◽  
Made In

To investigate the interaction between the total ionizing dose (TID) effect and displacement damage, this paper presents the experiment results of several CMOS integrated circuits’ radiation effect in a mixed neutron and gamma ray environment. The electrical and functional tests were made in four irradiation environments: 1. neutron (high neutron/gamma ratio); 2. gamma ray; 3. combined irradiation of neutron and gamma ray (low neutron/gamma ratio); 4. TID test after neutron irradiation. All the parameters were tested online. Compared with the single radiation environments, results show that the mixed neutron and gamma irradiation can induce a synergistic effect on the samples. In the neutron and gamma synergistic irradiation, the devices exhibit considerably severer degradation. The synergistic effect occurs while neutron and gamma exist synchronously. Where the percentage of gamma is comparable or larger than neutron at the levels of concern, one can expect synergistic effects will occur in the CMOS devices, and the TID effects should not be decoupled from nonionizing or displacement damage.

Synergistic effects in MOS capacitors with an Au/HfO2-SiO2/Si structure irradiated with neutron and gamma ray

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jianmin Shi ◽  
Xinwei Wang ◽  
Xiuyu Zhang ◽  
Jianming Xue ◽  
Xun Guo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Synergistic Effect ◽  
Energy Loss ◽  
Gamma Irradiation ◽  
Ionization Energy ◽  
Energy Deposition ◽  
Gamma Ray ◽  
Interface State ◽  
State Density ◽  
Interface State Density ◽  
Mos Capacitors

Abstract The properties of oxide trapped charges and interface state density in the metal oxide semiconductor (MOS) capacitors with an Au/HfO2-SiO2/Si structure were investigated under irradiation of 14 MeV neutron and 60Co gamma-ray. In the mixed neutron and gamma irradiation environment, the formation of the oxide trapped charges in the HfO2-SiO2 layer is determined by the total deposited ionization energy, i.e. the sum of ionization energy deposition of the neutrons and the accompanying gamma rays, while the influence of the displacement damage caused by 14 MeV neutrons can be ignored. The interface state density depends not only on the ionizing energy loss (IEL) but also the non-ionizing energy loss (NIEL), and NIEL plays a major role below the critical neutron fluence of 4.5×1012 n/cm2. The synergistic effect of the interface state is observed increases with energy deposition in the oxide at lower fluences, while decreasing above the critical fluence. These results confirm the existence of the synergistic effect of neutron and gamma irradiation in damaging HfO2 MOS devices.

Platinum and cobalt intermetallic nanoparticles confined within MIL-101(Cr) for enhanced selective hydrogenation of the carbonyl bond in α,β-unsaturated aldehydes: synergistic effects of electronically modified Pt sites and Lewis acid sites

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Muhammad Zahid ◽  
Jiang Li ◽  
Ahmed Ismail ◽  
Francisco Zaera ◽  
Yujun Zhu
Keyword(s):  
Synergistic Effect ◽  
Reduction Method ◽  
Synergistic Effects ◽  
Acid Sites ◽  
Lewis Acid Sites ◽  
Unsaturated Aldehydes ◽  
Uniform Dispersion ◽  
Carbonyl Bond ◽  
Method Show ◽  
Intermetallic Nanoparticles

PtCo/MIL-101(Cr) with high uniform dispersion Pt–Co IMNs synthesized by a polyol reduction method show higher activity for selective catalytic hydrogenation of α,β-unsaturated aldehydes due to the synergistic effect of PtCo and MIL-101(Cr) support.

scholarly journals A Study on the Effect of the Structural Parameters and Internal Mechanism of a Bilateral Gate-Controlled S/D Symmetric and Interchangeable Bidirectional Tunnel Field Effect Transistor

2021 ◽  
Vol 16 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Xiaoshi Jin ◽  
Yicheng Wang ◽  
Kailu Ma ◽  
Meile Wu ◽  
Xi Liu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Integrated Circuits ◽  
Field Effect ◽  
Field Effect Transistor ◽  
Structural Parameters ◽  
Cmos Integrated Circuits ◽  
Region Length ◽  
Internal Mechanism ◽  
Effect Transistor ◽  
Tunnel Field Effect Transistor ◽  
Switching Characteristics

AbstractA bilateral gate-controlled S/D symmetric and interchangeable bidirectional tunnel field effect transistor (B-TFET) is proposed in this paper, which shows the advantage of bidirectional switching characteristics and compatibility with CMOS integrated circuits compared to the conventional asymmetrical TFET. The effects of the structural parameters, e.g., the doping concentrations of the N+ region and P+ region, length of the N+ region and length of the intrinsic region, on the device performances, e.g., the transfer characteristics, Ion–Ioff ratio and subthreshold swing, and the internal mechanism are discussed and explained in detail.

Synergistic Effects of 5-Fluorouracil in Combination with Diosmetin in Colorectal Cancer Cells

2021 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
pp. 6
Author(s):  
Sareh Kamran ◽  
Ajantha Sinniah ◽  
Mohammed Abdullah Alshawsh
Keyword(s):  
Colorectal Cancer ◽  
Flow Cytometry ◽  
Synergistic Effect ◽  
Cancer Cells ◽  
Synergistic Effects ◽  
Neoadjuvant Treatment ◽  
Software Tool ◽  
New Combination ◽  
Combination Regimen ◽  
Colorectal Cancer Cells

Colorectal cancer (CRC) is among the most commonly occurring cancers. The management of CRC includes laparoscopic surgery, radiotherapy, chemotherapies and neoadjuvant treatment. However, conventional chemotherapies have poor impact on combating CRC and are associated with severe toxic effects and high rates of relapse. Therefore, searching for a new combination regimen is a favorable consideration. The aim of this study was to elucidate the synergistic effect of 5-fluorouracil (5-FU) and diosmetin in an in vitro model on colorectal cancer cells. An MTT assay was conducted on HCT-116 cancer cells and they were treated with a concentration gradient of 5-FU and diosmetin individually and in combination. The combination index (CI) and dose reduction index (DRI) were calculated using CompuSyn software. Isobologram analysis and synergism determination were performed using the Combenefit software tool and the synergy score was calculated using the SynergyFinder 2.0 software tool. The apoptotic features of the cells were determined via an AO/PI double staining assay and an annexin V assay using a fluorescent microscope and the flow cytometry technique, respectively. The findings showed that the DRI of 5-FU was three-fold lower in the combination with a CI value of less than one, which indicates that there was a synergistic effect. The AO/PI microscopic results revealed signs of apoptosis and dead cells after 72 h of treatment. Flow cytometry analysis confirmed that the apoptotic effect of the combination was more prominent compared to 5-FU alone. The findings of this study offer a potential strategy for reducing the cytotoxicity and enhancing the efficacy of 5-FU on colorectal cancer cells through a synergistic study model.

Synthesis, Quantum Chemical Calculations, Molecular Docking and Studying the Effect of High Energetic Gamma Irradiation on Cu(I, II), Zn(II) and Cd(II) Complexes with their Antibacterial Activity.

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hussein Elganzory
Keyword(s):  
Molecular Docking ◽  
Gamma Irradiation ◽  
Density Functional ◽  
Topoisomerase Ii ◽  
Gamma Ray ◽  
Inhibitory Effect ◽  
Molar Conductance ◽  
Basis Set ◽  
Conformational Structure ◽  
Before And After

Abstract New complexes of Cu(I,II), Zn(II) and Cd(II) of thiosemicarbazide ligand 1-(p-(methylanilinocetyl-4-phenyl-thiosemicarbazide)(H2LB) have been prepared and characterized by 1HNMR, Mass spectra, FT-IR, elemental analyses, molar conductance, UV-visible spectra, magnetic susceptibility measurements, thermogravimetric analysis (TGA/DTG) and X-ray diffraction pattern before and after irradiation. The results confirmed that gamma ray enhanced the stability of irradiated compounds as compared to non-irradiated compounds. XRD patterns proved that increasing the crystallinity of the samples and the particles in nano range after gamma irradiation. The obtained data indicated that the Cu(I) and Cd(II) ions coordinated to the ligand through the (C = O), N(2)H and (C = S), the ligand behaves as neutral tridentate. While in complexes Cu(II) and Zn(II)complexes (B2 and B3) the ligand behave as neutral tetradentate and coordination take place via (C = O) and two N(2)H. These studies revealed that, two kinds of stereochemical geometries; Cu(II) and Zn(II) complexes were predicted to be octahedral, Cu(I) and Cd(II)complexes were found to be tetrahedral. The theoretical conformational structure analyses were performed using density functional theory for ligand and complexes at B3LYP functional with 6-31G(++)d,p basis set for ligand and LANL2DZ basis set for complexes. The ligand and its metal complexes have been tested for their inhibitory effect on the growth of bacteria against gram-positive (Streptococcus pyogenes) and gram-negative (Escherichia coli). Results suggested that in case of 1µg/ml and 5µg/ml for Cu(II) and Zn(II) complexes have higher activity than other complexes. The chelation could facilitate the ability to cross the cell membrane of E. coli and can be explained by Tweedy’s chelation theory. Molecular docking investigation proved that; the Zn(II) complex had interesting interactions with active site amino acids of topoisomerase II DNA gyrase enzymes (code: 2XCT).

Characterization of a family of gamma-ray-induced CHO mutants demonstrates that the ldlA locus is diploid and encodes the low-density lipoprotein receptor

1986 ◽  
Vol 6 (9) ◽  
pp. 3268-3277
Author(s):  
R D Sege ◽  
K F Kozarsky ◽  
M Krieger
Keyword(s):  
Gamma Irradiation ◽  
Cho Cells ◽  
Gamma Ray ◽  
Receptor Gene ◽  
Low Density Lipoprotein ◽  
Chinese Hamster ◽  
Ldl Receptor ◽  
Density Lipoprotein ◽  
Low Density ◽  
Ldl Receptors

The ldlA locus is one of four Chinese hamster ovary (CHO) cell loci which are known to be required for the synthesis of functional low-density lipoprotein (LDL) receptors. Previous studies have suggested that the ldlA locus is diploid and encodes the LDL receptor. To confirm this assignment, we have isolated a partial genomic clone of the Chinese hamster LDL receptor gene and used this and other nucleic acid and antibody probes to study a family of ldlA mutants isolated after gamma-irradiation. Our analysis suggests that there are two LDL receptor alleles in wild-type CHO cells. Each of the three mutants isolated after gamma-irradiation had detectable deletions affecting one of the two LDL receptor alleles. One of the mutants also had a disruption of the remaining allele, resulting in the synthesis of an abnormal receptor precursor which was not subject to Golgi-associated posttranslational glycoprotein processing. The correlation of changes in the expression, structure, and function of LDL receptors with deletions in the LDL receptor genes in these mutants directly demonstrated that the ldlA locus in CHO cells is diploid and encodes the LDL receptor. In addition, our analysis suggests that CHO cells in culture may contain a partial LDL receptor pseudogene.

High-temperature leakage current suppression in CMOS integrated circuits

1989 ◽  
Vol 25 (17) ◽  
pp. 1133 ◽  
Author(s):  
S.E. Nordquist ◽  
J.W. Haslett ◽  
F.N. Trofimenkoff
Keyword(s):  
High Temperature ◽  
Integrated Circuits ◽  
Leakage Current ◽  
Cmos Integrated Circuits
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