An Evaluation of Two Methods for Producing Intermetallic Microchannels

2002 ◽  
Author(s):  
Brian K. Paul ◽  
Hadi Hasan ◽  
Tyler Dewey ◽  
David Alman ◽  
Richard D. Wilson
Keyword(s):  
High Temperature ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Heat Pumps ◽  
Phase Changes ◽  
Volumetric Shrinkage ◽  
Refractory Materials ◽  
Chemical Systems ◽  
Waste Remediation ◽  
Point Of Use ◽  
Ceramic Tape

Microtechnology-based Energy and Chemical Systems (MECS) offer opportunities for portable power generation, distributed heat pumps, hydrogen separation for automotive fuel cells, on-site waste remediation and point-of-use chemical synthesis. In order to realize many of these applications, it is recognized that new techniques must be developed for producing microchannels within refractory materials. Material requirements include high-temperature resistance, chemical inertness and low-cost microfabrication. Advances in multilayer ceramics have allowed the microlamination of microreactor structures from ceramic tape. The tapes are formed in the green state and subsequently bonded through a sintering process. Problems include sagging, porosity, and volumetric shrinkage which can lead to dimensional instability. Intermetallics are another class of refractory materials which may hold some promise for high-temperature microchannel development. In this paper, several proposed methods of forming microchannel arrays in aluminide intermetallics are evaluated. These methods have the advantage of eliminating volumetric shrinkage due to binder removal. Results show that some NiAl systems may be suitable for microchannel designs. Issues to be addressed include cost, volumetric shrinkage due to phase changes or other creep-related phenomena incurred during phase changes.

Continuous-flow high temperature and pressure water sterilizer

2015 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 19-24
Author(s):  
Adrian Ponce
Keyword(s):  
High Temperature ◽  
Flow Rate ◽  
Continuous Flow ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Water Flow Rate ◽  
Geobacillus Stearothermophilus ◽  
High Temperature And Pressure ◽  
Point Of Use ◽  
Pressure Water ◽  
Temperature And Pressure

Water sterilization at sterility assurance levels exceeding 10−6 has been achieved with a novel high temperature and pressure sterilization system (HAPSS) capable of continuous-flow sterilization. The tested sterilizer produces >2,000 L/day and does not require filters, moving parts, or regular maintenance and can operate for multiple years with only water and standard voltage/amperage electricity. Sterility assurance levels were determined using Geobacillus stearothermophilus spores with inactivation experiments as a function of temperature and flow rate (i.e., duration/dosage at given temperature). Sterility of 1.0 × 104 CFU/mL G. stearothermophilus spore suspensions was achieved at the highest water flow rate of 1.4 L/min at 140 and 130 °C. The low cost and maintenance-free operation of HAPSS is envisioned to impact water sterilization needs of developing nations, hospitals, and commercial point of use applications.

scholarly journals Identification of Existing Challenges and Future Trends for the Utilization of Ammonia-Water Absorption–Compression Heat Pumps at High Temperature Operation

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (10) ◽  
pp. 4635
Author(s):  
Marcel Ulrich Ahrens ◽  
Maximilian Loth ◽  
Ignat Tolstorebrov ◽  
Armin Hafner ◽  
Stephan Kabelac ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
High Temperature ◽  
Water Absorption ◽  
Industrial Sector ◽  
Heat Pumps ◽  
Working Fluid ◽  
Large Temperature ◽  
Future Trends ◽  
Ammonia Water ◽  
Starting Point ◽  
High Temperature Operation

Decarbonization of the industrial sector is one of the most important keys to reducing global warming. Energy demands and associated emissions in the industrial sector are continuously increasing. The utilization of high temperature heat pumps (HTHPs) operating with natural fluids presents an environmentally friendly solution with great potential to increase energy efficiency and reduce emissions in industrial processes. Ammonia-water absorption–compression heat pumps (ACHPs) combine the technologies of an absorption and vapor compression heat pump using a zeotropic mixture of ammonia and water as working fluid. The given characteristics, such as the ability to achieve high sink temperatures with comparably large temperature lifts and high coefficient of performance (COP) make the ACHP interesting for utilization in various industrial high temperature applications. This work reviews the state of technology and identifies existing challenges based on conducted experimental investigations. In this context, 23 references with capacities ranging from 1.4 kW to 4500 kW are evaluated, achieving sink outlet temperatures from 45 °C to 115 °C and COPs from 1.4 to 11.3. Existing challenges are identified for the compressor concerning discharge temperature and lubrication, for the absorber and desorber design for operation and liquid–vapor mixing and distribution and the choice of solution pump. Recent developments and promising solutions are then highlighted and presented in a comprehensive overview. Finally, future trends for further studies are discussed. The purpose of this study is to serve as a starting point for further research by connecting theoretical approaches, possible solutions and experimental results as a resource for further developments of ammonia-water ACHP systems at high temperature operation.

Low-cost northern Tunisian kaolinitic clay-based refractory materials and effect of a rich alumina clay addition

2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (16) ◽  
Author(s):  
Oumaima Grine ◽  
Bechir Moussi ◽  
Walid Hajjaji ◽  
Pascal Pilate ◽  
Johan Yans ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Low Cost ◽  
Refractory Materials ◽  
Kaolinitic Clay

scholarly journals Robust immobilization of anionic silver nanoparticles on cellulose filter paper toward a low-cost point-of-use water disinfection system with improved anti-biofouling properties

RSC Advances ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (9) ◽  
pp. 4873-4882
Author(s):  
Gongyan Liu ◽  
Ruiquan Yu ◽  
Jing Jiang ◽  
Zhuang Ding ◽  
Jing Ma ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Silver Nanoparticles ◽  
Filter Paper ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Water Disinfection ◽  
Point Of Use ◽  
Cellulose Filter

Point-of-use water disinfection by GA@AgNPs-LA-FP.

scholarly journals Integrated high temperature heat pumps and thermal storage tanks for combined heating and cooling in the industry

2021 ◽  
Vol 189 ◽  
pp. 116731
Author(s):  
Marcel Ulrich Ahrens ◽  
Sverre Stefanussen Foslie ◽  
Ole Marius Moen ◽  
Michael Bantle ◽  
Trygve Magne Eikevik
Keyword(s):  
High Temperature ◽  
Thermal Storage ◽  
Heat Pumps ◽  
Storage Tanks ◽  
Heating And Cooling ◽  
Temperature Heat

scholarly journals The concept of low-cost didactic rig in the field of heat pumps

2020 ◽  
Vol 154 ◽  
pp. 05007
Author(s):  
Grzegorz Pełka ◽  
Wojciech Luboń ◽  
Tomasz Pudlik ◽  
Daniel Malik
Keyword(s):  
Sustainable Development ◽  
Capillary Tube ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Heat Pumps ◽  
Ground Source Heat Pump ◽  
Pump System ◽  
Heat Pump System ◽  
Copper Pipe ◽  
Ground Source ◽  
Hermetic Compressor

The Centre of Sustainable Development and Energy Saving in Miękinia conducts broad didactic activities for various groups of students. For its own purposes, and also as a concept to use for other didactic centers, a low-cost didactic stand in the scope of heat pumps was designed and implemented. The constructed device presents the operating principles and schematically describes the basic elements of the ground source heat pump system. The device was constructed using a used piston and hermetic compressor from an old fridge. As an evaporator and condenser, a heat exchanger made from copper pipe curved meandering was used. A carefully selected capillary tube was used as an expansion element. The distribution of the components and the visualization of the didactic rig were devised. The whole concept assumed the usage of propane (R290) as an ecological refrigerant. The project also includes cost statements for creating an alternative to a commercial, low-cost stand for teaching purposes at various levels of education and suggests ways of using the set.

scholarly journals Thermal Behavior ofTacca leontopetaloidesStarch-Based Biopolymer

2013 ◽  
Vol 2013 ◽  
pp. 1-7 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nurul Shuhada Mohd Makhtar ◽  
Miradatul Najwa Muhd Rodhi ◽  
Mohibah Musa ◽  
Ku Halim Ku Hamid
Keyword(s):  
High Temperature ◽  
Natural Rubber ◽  
Thermal Behavior ◽  
Thermal Performance ◽  
Palm Oil ◽  
Palm Olein ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Thermal Testing ◽  
Crude Palm Oil ◽  
Roll Mill

Starch is used whenever there is a need for natural elastic properties combined with low cost of production. However, the hydrophilic properties in structural starch will decrease the thermal performance of formulated starch polymer. Therefore, the effect of glycerol, palm olein, and crude palm oil (CPO), as plasticizers, on the thermal behavior ofTacca leontopetaloidesstarch incorporated with natural rubber in biopolymer production was investigated in this paper. Four different formulations were performed and represented by TPE1, TPE2, TPE3, and TPE4. The compositions were produced by using two-roll mill compounding. The sheets obtained were cut into small sizes prior to thermal testing. The addition of glycerol shows higher enthalpy of diffusion in which made the material easily can be degraded, leaving to an amount of 6.6% of residue. Blending of CPO with starch (TPE3) had a higher thermal resistance towards high temperature up to 310°C and the thermal behavior of TPE2 only gave a moderate performance compared with other TPEs.

An application of high-temperature superconductors YBCO to magnetic separation

2017 ◽  
Vol 31 (25) ◽  
pp. 1745001 ◽  
Author(s):  
Qiudong Guo ◽  
Peng Zhang ◽  
Lin Bo ◽  
Guibin Zeng ◽  
Dengqian Li ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Magnetic Field ◽  
High Temperature ◽  
Magnetic Separation ◽  
High Magnetic Field ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Rapid Development ◽  
High Temperature Superconductors ◽  
New Approach ◽  
Industrial Areas ◽  
Ybco Tape

With the rapid development of manufacturing technology of high temperature superconductive YB[Formula: see text]Cu3O[Formula: see text] YBCO materials and decreasing in cost of production, YBCO is marching into industrial areas with its good performances as source of high-magnetic field and rather low cost in reaching superconductivity. Based on analysis of the performance of high temperature superconductors YBCO and development of technology in superconductive magnetic separation both home and abroad, we propose a new approach of taking YBCO tape to make a solenoid as the source of a high magnetic field of magnetic separatior of ores. The paper also looks into the future of the YBCO high temperature superconductive magnetic separation from the perspective of technology and cost, as well as its applications in other industries.

scholarly journals Use of ceramic pot filter (CPF) technology under pressure in an in-line pumping system

2017 ◽  
Vol 18 (3) ◽  
pp. 843-852
Author(s):  
Travis D. Gardner ◽  
Joe D. Guggenberger
Keyword(s):  
Water Treatment ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Total Coliform ◽  
Fecal Coliforms ◽  
Coliform Bacteria ◽  
Limiting Factor ◽  
Water Production ◽  
Pumping System ◽  
Point Of Use ◽  
Logarithmic Reduction

Abstract Ceramic pot filters (CPFs) are an effective point of use water treatment device in developing nations due to their low cost and effectiveness. CPFs are gravity fed, typically making water production a major limiting factor to a CPF's lifetime and acceptability. Directly connecting CPFs to in-line pumping systems or systems with an elevated storage tank would allow filter usage for constant water treatment at increased pressures, increasing the quantity of treated water. Ceramic disks were manufactured for testing in a specially designed housing apparatus. Filters of varying thicknesses and clay to sawdust mass ratios were manufactured to fit tightly. Flowrate and microbiological removal efficacy (logarithmic reduction value (LRV)) were determined over the testing period at various pressures. Flowrate values ranged from 2.44 to 9.04 L per hour, significantly higher than traditional CPF technology. LRVs ranged from 1.1 to 2.0, lower than traditional CPF technology but still effective at removing most Escherichia coli and total coliform bacteria. Filters proved effective at removing total and fecal coliforms at pressures less than 70 kilopascals. The optimum filter had a thickness of 3.2 cm and clay to sawdust ratio of 6:1 by mass. Filters proved to be ineffective if flowrates were above 5 L/h.

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