High Flow Rate Per Power Pumping of Aqueous Solutions and Organic Solvents With Electroosmotic Pumps

2005 ◽  
Author(s):  
Daejoong Kim ◽  
Jonathan D. Posner ◽  
Juan G. Santiago
Keyword(s):  
Flow Rate ◽  
Deuterium Oxide ◽  
Sodium Borate ◽  
Experimental Investigations ◽  
Figures Of Merit ◽  
Electroosmotic Pumping ◽  
Transient Data ◽  
Electroosmotic Pumps ◽  
Pump Pressure ◽  
Sodium Borate Buffer

We present experimental investigations of porous glass electroosmotic pumping of various low conductivity solutions. We evaluate pump pressure, flow rate, and current for sodium borate buffer, deionized water, deuterium oxide, methanol, and acetone. We present data for several figures of merit associated with steady state pumping, and present selected transient data measurements.

Thermodynamic Efficiency of Porous Glass Electroosmotic Pumps

2003 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shuhuai Yao ◽  
Shulin Zeng ◽  
Juan G. Santiago
Keyword(s):  
Zeta Potential ◽  
Flow Rate ◽  
Maximum Flow ◽  
Pump Current ◽  
Thermodynamic Efficiency ◽  
Two Phase ◽  
Poisson Boltzmann ◽  
Electroosmotic Pumps ◽  
Poisson Boltzmann Equation ◽  
Pump Pressure

This paper presents an analytical and experimental study of electroosmotic (EO) pumps designed to be integrated with two-phase microchannel heat exchangers with load capacities of order 100 W and greater. We have fabricated sintered glass EO pumps that provide maximum flow rates and pressure capacities 33 ml/min and 1.3 atm, respectively, at 100 V applied potentials. We have developed an analytical model to solve for electroosmotic flow rate, total pump current, and thermodynamic efficiency as a function of pump pressure load for these porous-structure EO pumps. The model uses a symmetric electrolyte approximation valid for the high zeta potential regime and numerically solves the Poisson-Boltzmann equation for charge distribution in the idealized pore geometry. The model also incorporates an approximate ionic-strength-dependent zeta potential formulation. The effects of pressure and flow rate on thermodynamic efficiency are also analyzed theoretically and compared to our measurements.

Exploration of the Feasibility of Using Electroosmotic Pumps in Cell Culture

2007 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tomasz Glawdel ◽  
Carolyn Ren
Keyword(s):  
Cell Culture ◽  
Electric Fields ◽  
Flow Rate ◽  
Bubble Formation ◽  
Salt Bridges ◽  
Electroosmotic Pumping ◽  
The Media ◽  
Electroosmotic Pumps ◽  
Control Fluid ◽  
High Electric Fields

A new continuous perfusion cell culture chip is studied that utilizes electroosmotic pumping to control fluid flow. Electroosmotic flow is not typically used for living cells due to the inherently high electric fields that may harm cells. Problems associated with EOF and cells are solved by incorporating electroosmotic pumps (EO pumps) which generate an induced pressure driven flow in regions with cells. Several advantages of EO pumps include pulse free flow, quick flow control and precise movement of minute volumes of fluid. An ion exchange system consisting of photopolymerized salt bridges are used to separate the media from the electrode reservoirs. However, the high salt concentration in cell culture medium creates significant problems for EO pumps such as decreased flow rate due to low zeta potential, increased electrolysis due to high current draw, significant joule heating, bubble formation and polarization. Attempts to solve these problems with the proposed microfluidic chip are discussed. The pumps are characterized to determine the flow rate for applied currents. Preliminary results with rainbow trout gill cells show that pump can be operated for 5hrs without harming the cells. The work presented here discusses the design and development of the system to this point.

Decomposition of 4,4'-(Diazoamino)-bis(5-methoxy-2-methylbenezenesulfonic Acid) in Solutions ofFD&C Red No. 40

1984 ◽  
Vol 67 (4) ◽  
pp. 844-845
Author(s):  
Naomi Richfield-Fratz
Keyword(s):  
Liquid Chromatography ◽  
Aqueous Solutions ◽  
Borate Buffer ◽  
Sodium Borate ◽  
First Order ◽  
First Order Kinetics ◽  
Color Additive ◽  
Sodium Borate Buffer

Abstract 4,4'-(Diazoamino)-bis(5-methoxy-2-methylbenzenesuIfonic acid), when present as a reaction by-product in FD&C Red No. 40, is shown to decompose rapidly in aqueous solutions of the color additive. The decomposition is halted by the addition of sodium borate buffer. Quantitationly liquid chromatography shows that decomposition is nonlinear with time and follows approximate first order kinetics.

Temporal Response of Porous Glass Electroosmotic Pumps

2002 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shuhuai Yao ◽  
Shulin Zeng ◽  
Juan G. Santiago
Keyword(s):  
Flow Rate ◽  
Maximum Flow ◽  
Ion Concentration ◽  
Temporal Response ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Cooling Systems ◽  
Sintered Glass ◽  
Rate Capacity ◽  
Bioanalytical Applications ◽  
Electroosmotic Pumps

Sintered glass electroosmotic pumps have been fabricated that provide maximum flow rates and pressure capacities exceeding 14 ml/min and 1.4 atm, respectively, at 150 V, with an active pumping volume of less than 2 cm3. These compact devices with no moving parts have the potential to impact a variety of applications including microelectronics cooling systems and bioanalytical applications. We present here a preliminary a study of the response of the pumps to changes in fluidic load, including their short-term transient performance. A 0.5 mM borate buffer (pH = 9.2) is used to stabilize pump performance, with nearly optimal flow rate capacity. The experiments are conducted for working electrolytes of varying ion concentration. These performance characteristics are critical to applications that aim to use feedback control of flow rate and pressure over varying conditions.

Isolation and purification of microbial community DNA from soil naturally enriched for chitin

Biologia ◽  
2012 ◽  
Vol 67 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
Pullabhotla Sarma ◽  
Vadlamudi Srinivas ◽  
Kondreddy Anil ◽  
Appa Podile
Keyword(s):  
16S Rdna ◽  
Gel Electrophoresis ◽  
Denaturing Gradient Gel Electrophoresis ◽  
Sodium Borate ◽  
Metagenomic Dna ◽  
Soil Dna ◽  
Isolation And Purification ◽  
Gradient Gel Electrophoresis ◽  
Chitinase Genes ◽  
Sodium Borate Buffer

AbstractWe made an attempt to isolate and purify metagenomic DNA from chitin enriched soil. In this communication we report a modified direct lysis method for soil DNA extraction including initial pre-lysis washing of sample, followed by a rapid polyvinylpyrrolidone-agarose-based purification and electroelution of DNA using Gene-capsule™ assembly. Rapidity was achieved using low molarity conducting media (sodium-borate buffer) for electrophoresis by reducing run time for both the gel electrophoresis and electroelution. Extracted DNA was sufficiently pure and of high quality, evidenced by amplification of 16S rDNA and chitinase genes by PCR. Metagenomic nature of the DNA was confirmed by running V3 (16S rDNA) region amplicons using denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis. This method requires 30 min for purification, and less than 2 h for complete execution of protocol and becomes the first report on the isolation of metagenomic DNA from soil naturally enriched for chitin.

scholarly journals Experimental study of physical parameters significant in fullerene synthesis

2003 ◽  
Vol 68 (7) ◽  
pp. 543-547 ◽  
Author(s):  
Biljana Todorovic-Markovic ◽  
Z. Markovic ◽  
N. Marinkovic ◽  
Tomislav Nenadovic
Keyword(s):  
Temperature Gradient ◽  
Flow Rate ◽  
Carbon Concentration ◽  
Plasma Reactor ◽  
Heat Bath ◽  
Carbon Flow ◽  
Experimental Investigations ◽  
Physical Parameters ◽  
Cathode Plasma ◽  
Interelectrode Gap

In this work, the effect of physical parameters on the yield of fullerene synthesized in a hollow cathode plasma reactor is investigated. The experimental investigations done previously have shown that the fullerene yield depended on technical parameters - the current intensity, inert gas pressure, type of gas and interelectrode gap. The aim of this work was to show that the fullerene yield depends on physical parameters - carbon concentration, carbon flow rate from the interelectrode gap, axial temperature and temperature gradient between the are channel and the chamber walls as well. It was found that fullerene synthesis occurs in an inert heat bath with dimensions determined by the temperature gradient. The lower temperature limit is around 2000 K and the value of the upper limit is the value of the axis temperature which depends on the discharge conditions. The synthesis of fullerenes is more effective if the carbon concentration in the heat bath is large and the carbon flow rate from that zone to colder parts of chamber is small.

scholarly journals Experimental Investigations on Eco-Friendly Helium-Mist Near-Dry Wire-Cut EDM of M2-HSS Material

2021 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Flow Rate ◽  
Pulse Width ◽  
Electrical Discharge Machining ◽  
Removal Rate ◽  
Experimental Investigations ◽  
Dielectric Fluid ◽  
Pulse Interval ◽  
Molybdenum Wire ◽  
Dry Wedm ◽  
Best Parameter

Abstract. In this paper, helium-assisted near-dry wire-cut electrical discharge machining (NDWEDM) method molybdenum wire has been used to reduce the environmental impact and to cut M2-HSS material. The pressurized non-reacting helium gas mixed with a small amount of water (Helium-mist) is used as the dielectric fluid to accomplish adequate cooling and flush-out debris. The new experimental setup has been developed to conduct the near-dry WEDM tests using the L9 orthogonal array of the Taguchi technique. The input parameters such as voltage (V), pulse-width (PW), pulse-interval (PI), and flow rate (F) of mixing water and output variables are the material removal rate (MRR) and surface roughness (Ra). It was observed that MRR and Ra are amplified by the rise in voltage and pulse-width, and flow rate conversely, the pulse interval minimizes the responses. The percentage of contribution of pulse width, voltage, pulse interval and flow rate are 24.06%, 32.98%, 12.75% and 30.21% on MRR and 20.94%, 22.22%, 47.86% and 8.97% on Ra respectively. Finally, the confirmation trials have been accomplished to validate the foreseen best parameter sets on optimal responses.

scholarly journals Experimental and numerical investigation of thermal flow meter

2015 ◽  
Vol 36 (3) ◽  
pp. 149-160 ◽  
Author(s):  
Artur Cebula
Keyword(s):  
Temperature Distribution ◽  
Numerical Model ◽  
Surface Temperature ◽  
Numerical Investigation ◽  
Flow Rate ◽  
Experimental Investigations ◽  
Thermal Flow ◽  
Wall Surface ◽  
Flow Meter ◽  
Calculation Results

Abstract The paper presents analytical and numerical model calculation results of the temperature distribution along the thermal flow meter. Results show a very good conformity between numerical and analytical model. Apart from the calculation results the experimental investigations are presented. The author performed the test where a temperature of duct wall surface was measured. The relation between mass flow rate in terms of the duct surface temperature difference was developed.

scholarly journals Process Behavior and Product Quality in Fertilizer Manufacturing Using Continuous Hopper Transfer Pan Granulation—Experimental Investigations

Processes ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (8) ◽  
pp. 1439
Author(s):  
Mateusz Przywara ◽  
Robert Dürr ◽  
Eric Otto ◽  
Achim Kienle ◽  
Dorota Antos
Keyword(s):  
Particle Size ◽  
Flow Rate ◽  
Inclination Angle ◽  
Feed Rate ◽  
Mechanical Stability ◽  
Average Particle Size ◽  
Experimental Investigations ◽  
Average Particle ◽  
Operation Parameter ◽  
Operation Parameters

Fertilizers are commonly used to improve the soil quality in both conventional and organic agriculture. One such fertilizer is dolomite for which soil application in granulated form is advantageous. These granules are commonly produced from ground dolomite powder in continuous pan transfer granulators. During production, the granulator’s operation parameters affect the granules’ properties and thereby also the overall performance of the fertilizer. To ensure product granules of certain specifications and an efficient overall production, process control and intensification approaches based on mathematical models can be applied. However, the latter require high-quality quantitative experimental data describing the effects of process operation parameters on the granule properties. Therefore, in this article, such data is presented for a lab-scale experimental setup. Investigations were carried out into how variations in binder spray rate, binder composition, feed powder flow rate, pan inclination angle, and angular velocity affect particle size distribution, mechanical stability, and humidity. Furthermore, in contrast to existing work samples from both, pan granules and product granules are analyzed. The influence of operation parameter variations on the differences between both, also known as trajectory separation, is described quantitatively. The results obtained indicate an increase in the average particle size with increasing binder flow rate to feed rate and increasing binder concentration and the inclination angle of the pan. Compressive strength varied significantly depending on the operating parameters. Significant differences in properties were observed for the product and the intermediate (pan) samples. In fact, for some operation parameters, e.g., binder feed rate, the magnitude of the separation effect strongly depends on the specific value of the operation parameter. The presented concise data will enable future mathematical modeling of the pan granulation process, e.g., using the framework of population balance equations.

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