Dynamic Rheology and Microstructure of Polypropylene/Clay Nanocomposites Prepared Under Sc-CO2 by Melt Compounding

2007 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yang Zhao ◽  
Han-Xiong Huang
Keyword(s):  
Low Frequency ◽  
Complex Viscosity ◽  
Co2 Concentration ◽  
Clay Nanocomposites ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
Melt Compounding ◽  
Transmission Electron ◽  
Nano Clay ◽  
Twin Screw ◽  
Negative Effect

The polypropylene (PP)/clay nanocomposites were prepared using a twin screw extruder with the aid of the supercritical carbon dioxide (Sc-CO2). The dynamic rheological properties were measured using a rheometer in the oscillatory mode. X-ray diffraction and transmission electron microscopy were used to characterize the microstructure of extruded nanocomposites. Results showed that an optimized CO2 concentration existed. When the CO2 concentration increased up to the optimized level, the nanocomposites tended to be more viscous, especially at low frequency. Whereas further increasing the CO2 concentration resulted in the decrease in the complex viscosity and dynamic moduli. The presence of Sc-CO2 with the concentration not higher than the optimized level was helpful to promote the degree of dispersion of the nano-clay in PP matrix, and overloaded CO2 would have negative effect on the clay dispersion.

Impact of Tunisian clay nanofillers on structure and properties of post-consumer polypropylene-based nanocomposites

2018 ◽  
Vol 32 (9) ◽  
pp. 1159-1175 ◽  
Author(s):  
K Zdiri ◽  
A Elamri ◽  
M Hamdaoui ◽  
N Khenoussi ◽  
O Harzallah ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Xrd Analysis ◽  
Melt Processing ◽  
Clay Nanocomposites ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
Elongation At Break ◽  
Clay Nanoparticles ◽  
Transmission Electron ◽  
Twin Screw ◽  
Mechanical Performances ◽  
Waste Polypropylene

This study investigates the influence of clay nanofiller on morphological, thermal, and mechanical behaviors of post-consumer polypropylene (PCPP)-based nanocomposites. Waste polypropylene was mixed with 1%, 3%, 5%, and 7% of Tunisian clay nanoparticles using twin-screw extruder. The structure and morphology of raw, purified, and organo-modified clays were characterized by Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy and X-ray diffraction (XRD). The influence of clay nanoparticles content on the thermal behavior of waste polypropylene was studied by means of thermogravimetric analysis. The effect of nanoclay on morphology and properties of PCPP/clay nanocomposites was also studied. It was found from transmission electron microscopy and XRD analysis that clay nanoparticles are well dispersed into PCPP matrix and the addition of organo-modified Tunisian clay did not change the crystal structure of the PCPP polymer. Thus, organically modified Tunisian clay can be used for preparing organic–inorganic hybrids by melt processing with waste PP polymers. In dead, by varying the nanofiller loading, mechanical properties (Young’s modulus, tensile strength, and elongation at break) and thermal stability of filled PCPP showed an increase as compared to unfilled polymer. Optimal mechanical performances were obtained with 5% clay loading.

Preparation and Characterization of PP/Organoclay Nanocomposites with Maleic-Anhydride

2007 ◽  
Vol 119 ◽  
pp. 203-206
Author(s):  
Hyung Min Lee ◽  
B.J. Park ◽  
In Joo Chin ◽  
Hyo Kyoung Kim ◽  
Won Gu Kang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Maleic Anhydride ◽  
Small Strain ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
Melt Mixing ◽  
Structural Investigations ◽  
Melt Compounding ◽  
Transmission Electron ◽  
Twin Screw ◽  
Linear Viscoelastic ◽  
Mixing Method

Polypropylene (PP)/organoclay nanocomposites were prepared via a melt-mixing method through two-step melt compounding using a co-rotating intermeshing twin screw extruder. Maleic anhydride grafted polypropylene (PP-g-MA) was adopted during compounding as a compatibilizer. Structural investigations via X-ray diffraction (XRD) and transmission electron microscopy (TEM) revealed the intercalated morphology of the nanocomposites. The use of PP-g-MA led to not only good clay dispersion but also heterogeneous intercalation. Thermal degradation of the PP nanocomposites was studied by thermogravimetric analysis (TGA). Rheological properties of the PP/organoclay nanocomposites were also investigated via a rotational rheometer in which linear viscoelastic measurements were performed in oscillatory shear with small strain amplitude. Storage (G’) and loss (G”) moduli were found to be increased at all frequencies with increasing clay contents.

Preparation of a new polypropylene/clay nanocomposites via in situ polymerization

e-Polymers ◽  
2011 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Ghasem Naderi ◽  
Mehdi Nekoomanesh ◽  
Reza. Mehtarani ◽  
Hasan. Eslami
Keyword(s):  
Polymer Matrix ◽  
In Situ Polymerization ◽  
Low Frequency ◽  
Clay Nanocomposites ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
Pronounced Increase ◽  
Stress Overshoot ◽  
Internal Donor ◽  
Transmission Electron

AbstractNovel polypropylene/clay nanocomposites were prepared by in situ polymerization method with TiCl4/MgCl2/organoclay/internal donor- AlEt3 catalyst. The organo clay used is commercial Closite 15A that is an ammonium saltmodified montmorillonite (AMMT). For preparation of the catalyst, MgCl2 was deposited into the swollen AMMT layers and then TiCl4 and internal donor were loaded on the layer surfaces of AMMT. X-ray diffraction (XRD), transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and rheological measurements were used for characterization of the nanocomposites. The Linear and nonlinear melt-state viscoelastic properties of the polymer matrix and its nanocomposite are also investigated. In the presence of the clay lamellae, a pronounced increase in the low frequency moduli is observed. Transient rheological data reveal a stress overshoot for nanocomposite where there is no significant overshoot for polymer matrix. This stress overshoot can be attributed to the deformation and orientation of the special structure of clay platelets in polymer melts. Finally, experimental data are compared with the predictions of a mesoscopic rheological model.

scholarly journals Role of Surfactants in the Properties of Poly(Ethylene Terephthalate)/Purified Clay Nanocomposites

Materials ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 11 (8) ◽  
pp. 1397 ◽  
Author(s):  
Elaine dos Santos ◽  
Marcus Fook ◽  
Oscar Malta ◽  
Suédina de Lima Silva ◽  
Itamara Leite
Keyword(s):  
Clay Nanocomposites ◽  
Phosphonium Salts ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
Scanning Calorimetry ◽  
Transmission Electron ◽  
Poly Ethylene Terephthalate ◽  
Poly Ethylene ◽  
Alkyl Ammonium ◽  
Pet Crystallization

Purified clay was modified with different amounts of alkyl ammonium and phosphonium salts and used as filler in the preparation of PET nanocomposites via melt intercalation. The effect of this type of filler on morphology and thermal and mechanical properties of PET nanocomposites was investigated by X-ray diffraction (XRD), differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), thermogravimetric analyses (TG), tensile properties, and transmission electron microscopy (TEM). The results showed that the mixture of alkyl ammonium and phosphonium salts favored the production of PET nanocomposites with intercalated and partially exfoliated morphologies with slight improvement in thermal stability. In addition, the incorporation of these organoclays tended to inhibit PET crystallization behavior, which is profitable in the production of transparent bottles.

Synthesis and Electrorheological Characteristics of Conducting Polymer/Clay Nanocomposites

2007 ◽  
Vol 124-126 ◽  
pp. 1083-1086
Author(s):  
Jun Hee Sung ◽  
Hyoung Jin Choi
Keyword(s):  
Conducting Polymer ◽  
Electrorheological Fluid ◽  
Clay Nanocomposites ◽  
Wide Angle ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Transmission Electron ◽  
Internal Structures ◽  
In Situ Emulsion Polymerization

Nanocomposites of conducting polymers of polyaniline (PANI), poly(oethoxyaniline) (PEOA) and polypyrrole (PPy) with clay prepared via either in-situ emulsion polymerization or solvent intercalation were investigated especially for electrorheological fluid (ER) application. Internal structures of these nanocomposites were examined via wide angle X-ray diffraction (WAXD), and transmission electron microscope (TEM). The intercalated nanostructures analyzed via WAXD and TEM were correlated with the electrical property change originated from the nanoscale interaction between clay and conducting polymer. Moreover, their ER behaviors were measured via rotational rheometer with external electric field controller.

Modification of clays with styrenic ionic liquid by Synthesis of in-situ Polystyrene Nanocomposite

e-Polymers ◽  
2013 ◽  
Vol 13 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Mohammad Galehassadi ◽  
Fatemeh Hosseinzadeh ◽  
Mehrdad Mahkam
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
Ionic Liquid ◽  
Clay Nanocomposites ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Modified Montmorillonite ◽  
Transmission Electron ◽  
Insitu Polymerization ◽  
Thermal Stability Of

Abstract Nanocomposites of polystyrene (PS) was prepared with new styrenic ionic liquid, N-(4-vinyl benzyl)-(N,N-dimethylamino) pyridinium chloride[VBMAP], surfactants used as organic modifications for the clays. Sodium montmorillonite (Na-MMT) was successfully modified by [VBMAP] to become OMMT through cation exchange technique which is shown by the increase of basalspacing of clay by XRD. The composite material based on polystyrene and organo-modified montmorillonite (OMMT) was prepared by insitu polymerization and characterized. The morphology of the polymer/clay hybrids was evaluated by X-ray diffraction (XRD) ,transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM), showing good overall dispersion of the clay. The thermal stability of the polymer/clay nanocomposites were enhanced, as evaluated by thermogravimetric analysis.

Influence of Silicate Surface Modification on Morphology and Mechanical Properties of Nylon6/Clay Nanocomposites

2007 ◽  
Vol 334-335 ◽  
pp. 877-880 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jae Hun Shim ◽  
Jae Hun Choi ◽  
Jung Hiuk Joo ◽  
Jin San Yoon
Keyword(s):  
Tensile Properties ◽  
Nylon 6 ◽  
Clay Nanocomposites ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Transmission Electron ◽  
End Groups ◽  
Silicate Surface ◽  
Epoxy Groups ◽  
Microscopy Images

A new method was attempted to improve the interaction between nylon 6 with a commercially available organoclay, Cloisite®25A (C25A) through modification of C25A with 3-aminopropyltriethoxy silane, 3-(trimethoxysilyl)propyl methacrylate, 3-(glycidoxypropyl) trimethoxysilane and 3-isocyanate propyltriethoxy silane. C25A and C25A modified with the silane compounds(TFC) were melt mixed with nylon 6. X-Ray diffraction and transmission electron microscopy images revealed that all the TFC layers were fully exfoliated in nylon 6 matrix irrespectively of the type of the silane compounds used for the modification. Tensile properties of nylon 6 were most significantly improved when 3-(glycidoxypropyl)trimethoxysilane modified C25A was incorporated. The chemical reaction between the epoxy groups and the end groups of nylon 6 raised the interfacial interaction and thus was responsible for the enhanced tensile properties.

Study on the Preparation and Properties of EVA-G-PU/OMMT Nanocomposites

2010 ◽  
Vol 123-125 ◽  
pp. 247-250
Author(s):  
Yu Qing Zhang ◽  
Yu Xin He ◽  
Li Zhang ◽  
Jun Xian Li
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
Mechanical Analysis ◽  
Clay Nanocomposites ◽  
Gravimetric Analysis ◽  
Thermal Gravimetric ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
Thermal Stabilities ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Transmission Electron ◽  
New Type

A new type of EVA-g-PU/OMMT nanocomposites was synthesized through the method of chemical modification and melt intercalation. FTIR testing showed that the PU prepolymer was grafted on EVA main chains successfully. The structures of EVA-g-PU/OMMT nanocomposites were characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD) and by high-resolution transmission electron microscopy (HRTEM). The enhanced storage modulus of EVA-g-PU/OMMT nanocomposites was characterized by dynamic mechanical analysis (DMA). The thermal stabilities of EVA/clay nanocomposites were also studied by thermal gravimetric analysis (TGA). Mechanical testing showed that the tensile strength and tear strength of EVA-g-PU/OMMT nanocomposites were far superior to pure EVA.

Preparation of Highly Exfoliated Epoxy/Clay Nanocomposites by the Method of Ultrasonication Dispersion-Microwave Cure

2011 ◽  
Vol 418-420 ◽  
pp. 670-673 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kun Yan Wang ◽  
Shi Yang Zhou ◽  
Zhen Jiang ◽  
Xiao Qing Zhu
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
Transmission Electron Microscopy ◽  
Microwave Energy ◽  
Basal Spacing ◽  
Clay Nanocomposites ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Second Stage ◽  
Transmission Electron ◽  
Layered Clay

A new ultrasonication dispersion – microwave cure (UD-MC) method for preparing highly exfoliated layered epoxy/clay nanocomposites was developed. The process was divided into two consecutive stages. In the first stage, the epoxy and organoclay were mixed by high stirring and ultrasonication in the presence of acetone. In the second stage, the mixture of epoxy and organoclay was cured with microwave of 400W and postcured at 135°C. The microstructure of the nanocomposites was characterized with X-ray diffraction (XRD) and transmission electron microscopy (TEM). The results indicated that the basal spacing of the organoclay particles in the epoxy/clay mixture was significantly enlarged, up to around 75Å afther the ultrasonic treatment. The layered clay was highly exfoliated under the microwave energy; and the basal spacing of nanolayers was more than 90Å.

scholarly journals LDPE/HDPE/Clay Nanocomposites: Effects of Compatibilizer on the Structure and Dielectric Response

2013 ◽  
Vol 2013 ◽  
pp. 1-10 ◽  
Author(s):  
B. Zazoum ◽  
E. David ◽  
A. D. Ngô
Keyword(s):  
Dielectric Response ◽  
Interfacial Polarization ◽  
Clay Nanocomposites ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
Screw Extruder ◽  
Scanning Calorimetry ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Polyethylene Blend ◽  
Twin Screw ◽  
Relaxation Modes

PE/clay nanocomposites were prepared by mixing a commercially available premixed polyethylene/O-MMT masterbatch into a polyethylene blend matrix containing 80 wt% low-density polyethylene and 20 wt% high-density polyethylene with and without anhydride modified polyethylene (PE-MA) as the compatibilizer using a corotating twin-screw extruder. In this study, the effect of nanoclay and compatibilizer on the structure and dielectric response of PE/clay nanocomposites has been investigated. The microstructure of PE/clay nanocomposites was characterized using wide-angle X-ray diffraction (WAXD) and a scanning electron microscope (SEM). Thermal properties were examined using differential scanning calorimetry (DSC). The dielectric response of neat PE was compared with that of PE/clay nanocomposite with and without the compatibilizer. The XRD and SEM results showed that the PE/O-MMT nanocomposite with the PE-MA compatibilizer was better dispersed. In the nanocomposite materials, two relaxation modes are detected in the dielectric losses. The first relaxation is due to a Maxwell-Wagner-Sillars interfacial polarization, and the second relaxation can be related to dipolar polarization. A relationship between the degree of dispersion and the relaxation ratefmaxof Maxwell-Wagner-Sillars was found and discussed.

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