Applying Hypoidal Gearmotors in High Cycling Queue Conveyors

2010 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jun Asai ◽  
Robbie Robinson
Keyword(s):  
Energy Savings ◽  
Thermal Capacity ◽  
Airport Security ◽  
Advantages And Disadvantages ◽  
Test Methodology ◽  
Multi Stage ◽  
Speed Reducer ◽  
Baggage Handling ◽  
Belt Conveyors ◽  
Mechanical Elements

The demands from Airport Baggage Handling Systems continue to expand, seemingly demanding more (faster and more security checks) with less (less people and less energy). Increased airport security drives the need for more baggage inspection points. This in turn drives the need for more automation with the benefit of fewer people screened for secured areas. In addition, airlines and airports are placing more attention to reducing carbon footprint by investigating areas for improving efficiency, but within the overall scope of reliability and flexibility. One area in this investigation is the Queue Conveyor that “meter” (space bags evenly) or “queue” (hold and release) baggage to the next station. These belt conveyors differ from normal belt conveyors due to high start/stop cycling required that can reach 1 cycle per second. Belt conveyors in Airport Baggage Handling Systems typically in the past involved helical bevel right angle or multi-stage helical mechanical speed reducers. And for high cycling start/stop applications, these are fitted with a clutch/brake assembly between the motor and mechanical speed reducer. Newer approaches involving hypoidal gearmotors operated with an AC Speed Drives (often referred to as Variable Frequency Drives or VFDs for short) are being investigated. The hypoidal gearmotor is a more compact package than the existing designs—integrating a mechanical speed reducer with a motor. This new, compact form factor driven with a VFD seems to provide more throughputs with less mechanical elements and less energy usage. This paper will review the advantages and disadvantages of the hypoidal gearmotor method in the Queue Conveyor, supported with simulated test methodology and results. Particular focus of the test will include durability, energy savings potential, and applicability of AGMA service factor in gearmotor selection. Durability will focus on the mechanical components in the high cycle application as well as the thermal capacity of the motor.

Comparison Between Wayside Storage and Reversible Thyristor Controlled Rectifiers (RTCR) for Heavy Rail Applications

2013 ◽  
Author(s):  
Vitaly Gelman
Keyword(s):  
Energy Cost ◽  
Peak Power ◽  
Energy Savings ◽  
Energy Losses ◽  
Round Trip ◽  
Advantages And Disadvantages ◽  
Power Stations ◽  
Substantial Interest ◽  
Heavy Rail ◽  
Traction Power

There had been a substantial interest in the traction community to use wayside Energy Storage Systems (ESS) to better utilize train braking energy and thus achieve reduction of energy cost and peak power, and voltage stabilization. An alternative solution to reach the same goals is using recuperating (also called regenerating) traction power stations such as a Reversible Thyristor Controlled Rectifiers (RTCR). The paper compares advantages and disadvantages of ESS of three most common types — flywheels, batteries and supercapacitors — and RTCR. The analysis takes into account size, capital cost, the “round trip” energy losses and energy savings for heavy rail applications.

Research and Progress of Electromagnetic Coil Gun Ranging

2014 ◽  
Vol 1049-1050 ◽  
pp. 1176-1180
Author(s):  
Chao Qi ◽  
Ye Wang ◽  
Wei Jian Liu ◽  
Yong Quan
Keyword(s):  
Great Influence ◽  
Energy Conversion Efficiency ◽  
Optical Methods ◽  
Laser Scattering ◽  
Advantages And Disadvantages ◽  
Electromagnetic Coil ◽  
Position Detection ◽  
Multi Stage ◽  
Optimum Position ◽  
Scattering Measurement

The armature trigger position of multi-stage electromagnetic coil gun has great influence on the exit velocity of projectile. The energy conversion efficiency of the coil gun can be improved effectively if the armature is triggered in the optimum position. So it is important to detect the projectile position in time. Several typical electrical and optical methods for position detection are summarized in this paper. The advantages and disadvantages of each method are analyzed and evaluated. And a new laser scattering measurement method is proposed. Results show that optical detection method is simple and easy to implement, but it is susceptible to environmental impacts.

scholarly journals Calculation of the economy of electric energy in industrial electrical supply systems

2020 ◽  
Vol 22 (2) ◽  
pp. 65-74
Author(s):  
E. I. Gracheva ◽  
A. N. Gorlov ◽  
Z. M. Shakurova
Keyword(s):  
Power Supply ◽  
Energy Savings ◽  
Reactive Power ◽  
Electric Energy ◽  
Electrical Equipment ◽  
Total Power ◽  
Load Factor ◽  
Advantages And Disadvantages ◽  
Industrial Enterprises ◽  
Supply Systems

The article examines the main features of the layout of electrical equipment for shop networks of internal power supply with the definition of indicators for a group of shop customers connected to a single power center, affecting the choice of the structure of schemes for shop network sites. The parameters characterizing the circuit topology are revealed. A study is presented of the influence of the load factor of workshop transformers on their reactive power factor, it is proved by calculation by technical and economic criteria the feasibility of replacing a workshop transformer with two with a lower total power. The calculation of energy savings in the in-plant power supply systems. The type of dependences tgφ of transformers ТМ and ТСЗ with various rated powers in the function of loading transformers is established. The most significant factors of the growth of idle power losses during operation are presented. With determination of losses of active and reactive power and electricity in transformers and losses of active power in a high voltage distribution network A feasibility study was carried out on the options for internal power supply schemes with two transformers of lower power installed instead of one, and the feasibility of such a replacement to increase the efficiency of the equipment was proved and the estimated payback period for the investment capital was determined. A comparative analysis of the studied power supply schemes of industrial enterprises with the identification of their advantages and disadvantages.

Smart Glass and Its Potential in Energy Savings

2013 ◽  
Vol 136 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Kaufui V. Wong ◽  
Richard Chan
Keyword(s):  
Liquid Crystal ◽  
Liquid Crystals ◽  
Energy Demand ◽  
Energy Savings ◽  
Suspended Particle ◽  
Light Transmittance ◽  
Voltage Source ◽  
Glass Technology ◽  
Ion Conductor ◽  
Advantages And Disadvantages

Smart glass is such that its properties may be changed by application of a potential across it. The change in properties may be engineered to alter the amount of heat energy that can penetrate the glass which provides heating and cooling design options. Therein lies its potential in energy savings. Smart glass may be classified into three types: electrochromic, suspended particle, and polymer dispersed liquid crystal (PDLC). Each of these types has their own mechanisms, advantages, and disadvantages. Electrochromic smart glass is the most popular, currently it utilizes an electrochromic film with an ion storage layer and ion conductor placed between two transparent plates. The electrochromic film is usually made of tungsten oxide, owing to the electrochromic nature of transition metals. An electric potential initiates a redox reaction of the electrochromic film transitioning the color and the transparency of the smart glass. Suspended particle smart glass has needle shaped particles suspended within an organic gel placed between two electrodes. In its off state, the particles are randomly dispersed and have a low light transmittance. Once a voltage is applied, the needle particles will orient themselves to allow for light to pass through. PDLC smart glass works similarly to the suspended particle variety. However, in PDLC smart glass, the central layer is a liquid crystal placed within a polymer matrix between electrodes. Similar in behavior to the suspended particles, in the off position the liquid crystals are randomly dispersed and have low transmittance. With the application of a voltage, the liquid crystals orient themselves, thereby allowing for the transmittance of light. These different smart glasses have many different applications, but with one hindrance. The requirement of a voltage source is a major disadvantage which greatly complicates the overall installation and manufacturing processes. However, the integration of photovoltaic (PV) devices into smart glass technology has provided one solution. Photovoltaic films attached in the smart glass will provide the necessary voltage source. The photovoltaic film may even be designed to produce more voltage than needed. The use a photovoltaic smart glass system provides significant cost savings in regards to heating, cooling, lighting, and overall energy bills. Smart glass represents a technology with a great deal of potential to reduce energy demand. Action steps have been identified to propagate the popular use of smart glass.

A New Concept for a Wheel-Embedded Assembly for Electric Vehicles

2013 ◽  
Vol 135 (12) ◽  
Author(s):  
João Pedro ◽  
João Weinholtz ◽  
Luís Sousa ◽  
Luís Reis
Keyword(s):  
Direct Drive ◽  
Practical Applications ◽  
Advantages And Disadvantages ◽  
Vehicle Propulsion ◽  
Torque Transmission ◽  
Parking Brake ◽  
Function Sharing ◽  
Mechanical Elements ◽  
And Function ◽  
Steering Torque

The present research focuses on the development of a multifunctional wheel-embedded assembly for electrically powered vehicles. It must perform the core functions of a road-going vehicle—propulsion, braking, steering, and suspension—with all functional mechanical elements within the wheel envelope. The originality of the research lies in the integration of all aforementioned functions at once. The proposed concept exhibits two off-center electric motors, sliding pillar-type suspension with direct-drive steering at the top, and braking is achieved by means of a conventional disk and caliper assembly, but servohydraulically actuated with magnetically actuated parking brake. It makes extensive use of geometric nesting and function sharing—the large transmission gear doubles as hub and wheel carrier, the suspension pillar is also used for steering torque transmission. Finally, the advantages and disadvantages of the proposed concept are addressed, as well as practical applications.

scholarly journals RUBBER BAND LIGATION FOR HEMORRHOIDS (review)

2019 ◽  
Vol 18 (4) ◽  
pp. 151-160
Author(s):  
V. N. Ektov ◽  
К. A. Somov ◽  
A. V. Kurkin ◽  
V. A. Muzalkov
Keyword(s):  
Internal Hemorrhoid ◽  
Rubber Band Ligation ◽  
Rubber Band ◽  
Hemorrhoidal Disease ◽  
Band Ligation ◽  
Advantages And Disadvantages ◽  
Multi Stage ◽  
Outpatient Practice ◽  
Methods Of Treatment ◽  
Minimally Invasive Methods

Rubber band ligation is one of the most common and effective minimally invasive methods of treatment of chronic hemorrhoids. An analysis of the experience gained in the use of latex ligation makes it possible to evaluate the advantages and disadvantages of this technique and suggest new options for its implementation. One of the main advantages of rubber band ligation is the radicality of the procedure, which provides the closed removal of internal hemorrhoid piles, which makes it possible to standardize the widespread use of this technique in outpatient practice. When performing the procedure, tool kits of various designs are used, methods of one-stage and multi-stage ligation are used, various technical options are available for applying latex ligatures that affect the pathogenetic factors of hemorrhoidal disease. Optimization of options for the use of rubber band ligation allows to expand the range of use of this technique and provides a rational choice of individual approach.

scholarly journals Modeling the system of a dovetailless asynchronous electric drive for conveyor mechanisms

2022 ◽  
Vol 1211 (1) ◽  
pp. 012014
Author(s):  
Vladimir Vladimirovich Pikalov ◽  
Andrei Igorevich Boikov ◽  
Andrei Vitalievich Sdvizkov ◽  
Pavel Sergeevich Ponomarev
Keyword(s):  
Computer Simulation ◽  
Control System ◽  
Electric Drive ◽  
Adaptive Observer ◽  
Integral Criterion ◽  
Advantages And Disadvantages ◽  
Asynchronous Electric Drive ◽  
Belt Conveyors ◽  
Vector Control System ◽  
Parametric Robustness

Abstract The article considers a vector control system for asynchronous electric drive of belt conveyors, which uses an adaptive observer to control the speed of the electric drive. This allows you to increase the reliability and inter-interval maintenance of the electric drive. The requirements for the observer are determined, its mathematical description is made, and the law of adaptation is determined. In the Matlab Simulink package, a computer simulation of the proposed sensor-free control system is performed. A study of the robustness of the actuator in terms of the drift of the parameters of the motor when powered from the inverter, expressed by the integral criterion for parametric robustness. Based on the results obtained, a comparison is made and conclusions are drawn about the advantages and disadvantages of using an adaptive observer in comparison with other types of observers.

scholarly journals Evaluation of the energy efficiency of an internal blind containing PCM

2018 ◽  
Vol 49 ◽  
pp. 00074 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michał Musiał
Keyword(s):  
Energy Efficiency ◽  
Phase Change ◽  
Phase Change Materials ◽  
Test Chamber ◽  
Field Tests ◽  
Entire Solution ◽  
Thermal Capacity ◽  
Climatic Conditions ◽  
Advantages And Disadvantages ◽  
Window Blinds

This article presents the possibilities of using phase change materials for the modernization of transparent partitions and elements functioning with them. The author draws attention to the possibility of reducing the energy costs of the building, by increasing the thermal capacity of the internal window blinds. The article draws attention to many factors related both to the properties of PCMs themselves, the place of application and climatic conditions that may affect the effectiveness of the entire solution. To assess the energy efficiency of the abovementioned shutter, field tests were carried out in an isothermal test chamber. The article presents the results of the conducted research, showing the advantages and disadvantages of the considered solution. A large number of scientific papers, in which the possibilities of using phase change materials for the modernization of transparent partitions are presented, apply only to the modernization of glazing. In this context, this work presents a different approach to the issues of using phase change materials in construction.

scholarly journals Review on the HVAC System Modeling Types and the Shortcomings of Their Application

2013 ◽  
Vol 2013 ◽  
pp. 1-10 ◽  
Author(s):  
Raad Z. Homod
Keyword(s):  
Large Scale ◽  
Energy Savings ◽  
Thermal Sensation ◽  
System Modeling ◽  
Thermal Inertia ◽  
Hvac System ◽  
Advantages And Disadvantages ◽  
Building Models ◽  
Hvac System Modeling ◽  
High Thermal Inertia

The modeling of the heating, ventilation, and air conditioning (HVAC) system is a prominent topic because of its relationship with energy savings and environmental, economical, and technological issues. The modeling of the HVAC system is concerned with the indoor thermal sensation, which is related to the modeling of building, air handling unit (AHU) equipments, and indoor thermal processes. Until now, many HVAC system modeling approaches are made available, and the techniques have become quite mature. But there are some shortcomings in application and integration methods for the different types of the HVAC model. The application and integration processes will act to accumulate the defective characteristics for both AHU equipments and building models such as nonlinear, pure lag time, high thermal inertia, uncertain disturbance factors, large-scale systems, and constraints. This paper shows types of the HVAC model and the advantages and disadvantages for each application of them, and it finds out that the gray-box type is the best one to represent the indoor thermal comfort. But its application fails at the integration method where its response deviated to unreal behavior.

scholarly journals Comparison of Various CFD Codes for LES Simulations of Turbomachinery: From Inviscid Vortex Convection to Multi-Stage Compressor

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Vincent Brunet ◽  
Emma Croner ◽  
Alexandre Minot ◽  
Jérôme de Laborderie ◽  
Eric Lippinois ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Experimental Data ◽  
Numerical Methods ◽  
Discontinuous Galerkin ◽  
Finite Volume ◽  
Test Cases ◽  
High Fidelity ◽  
Advantages And Disadvantages ◽  
Analytical Results ◽  
Multi Stage ◽  
Numerical Approaches

Some possible future High Fidelity CFD codes for LES simulation of turbomachinery are compared on several test cases increasing in complexity, starting from a very simple inviscid Vortex Convection to a multistage axial experimental compressor. Simulations were performed between 2013 and 2016 by major Safran partners (Cenaero, Cerfacs, CORIA and Onera) and various numerical methods compared: Finite Volume, Discontinuous Galerkin, Spectral Differences. Comparison to analytical results, to experimental data or to RANS simulations are performed to check and measure accuracy. CPU efficiency versus accuracy are also presented. It clearly appears that the level of maturity could be different between codes and numerical approaches. In the end, advantages and disadvantages of every codes obtained during this project are presented.

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