Influence of Speed Bumps Design on Vehicle Safety

2011 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. Garci´a-Pozuelo ◽  
E. Olmeda ◽  
A. Gauchi´a ◽  
V. Di´az
Keyword(s):  
Traffic Safety ◽  
Experimental Testing ◽  
Simulation Software ◽  
Motor Vehicles ◽  
Vehicle Safety ◽  
Vehicle Velocity ◽  
Dynamic Forces ◽  
Different Types ◽  
Proper Design ◽  
Real Vehicle

During a journey motor vehicles are forced to overcome different types of irregularities in the pavement. Such irregularities can be random or introduced for a specific purpose, such as asphalt protrusions and transversal bands of rubber, which have been installed into all sorts of avenues and roads open to traffic. Generally, these elements are included in a stretch of road to slow down the vehicle velocity at certain sites, such as pedestrian crossings. However, the influence of speed bumps installed shows other additional effects which must be studied to ensure the safety of vehicles and pedestrians. In some cases, it is found that, passing over ridges and transverse bands at a speed below the limit defined by law, the vehicle is damaged or the tires lose grip with the pavement, precluding any kind of braking or turning maneuvers. Such phenomena indicate that this element is not properly sized, or the placement is not appropriate, becoming counterproductive for traffic safety. In spite of the importance of these consecuences derivated from these elements they haven’t been studied deeply enough and there are very few paper about this subject. In order to analyze the actions generated by the overcome of these irregularities on the different components of the vehicle and its occupants, the problem has been studied not only using computer simulation but also by means of experimental testing on a real vehicle where accelerometers were installed in order to check the severity of the bumps. CarSimTM has been the simulation software used to calculate vehicle dynamic forces on the tires and suspension system and the accelerations and displacements that are applied to the vehicle. To characterize the behavior of a vehicle when is driven over one of these obstacles, it is necessary to study several parameters such as: speed, geometry and dimensions of the bump, and the type of vehicle and its suspension. From this information it is possible to establish a set of guidelines for the proper design and installation of speed bumps in different roads.

scholarly journals Bump Modeling and Vehicle Vertical Dynamics Prediction

2014 ◽  
Vol 6 ◽  
pp. 736576 ◽  
Author(s):  
Daniel Garcia-Pozuelo ◽  
Antonio Gauchia ◽  
Ester Olmeda ◽  
Vicente Diaz
Keyword(s):  
Traffic Safety ◽  
Vehicle Dynamics ◽  
Pedestrian Safety ◽  
Simulation Program ◽  
Motor Vehicles ◽  
Vehicle Speed ◽  
Legal Limit ◽  
Different Types ◽  
Proper Design

During a journey, motor vehicles are subjected to different types of irregularities in the pavement. Some of these irregularities are introduced for a specific purpose over a stretch of road to slow down the vehicle at certain road points. However, the influence of installed speed bumps reveals certain additional effects which must be deeply analyzed to ensure vehicle and pedestrian safety. In some cases, it has been found that even when driving over transverse bands at a speed below the legal limit, the vehicle is damaged or tires lose grip with the pavement, precluding any kind of braking or turning maneuvers. Such phenomena indicate that either this element is not properly sized or the location is not appropriate, becoming counterproductive for traffic safety. In order to analyze the influence of these irregularities on the different components of the vehicle and its occupants, a simulation program with MatlabTM has been developed. The validated developed tool takes into account several aspects of the vehicle dynamics, bump geometry, and vehicle speed. The proposed tool provides the best possible information to establish a set of guidelines for the proper design and installation of speed bumps in different roads.

scholarly journals PENGARUH DISIPLIN PENGENDARA KENDARAAN BERMOTOR TERHADAP KESELAMATAN BERLALU LINTAS DI KOTA BOGOR

2017 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
pp. 23
Author(s):  
Rahmat Saepul Turohman ◽  
Abubakar Iskandar ◽  
M.YGG Seran
Keyword(s):  
Traffic Safety ◽  
Motor Vehicle ◽  
Secondary Data ◽  
Sampling Technique ◽  
City Government ◽  
Motor Vehicles ◽  
Primary Data ◽  
Vehicle Safety ◽  
Positive Direction ◽  
Motor Vehicle Safety

The purpose of this study are to describe the discipline of motor vehicle drivers in traffic and the level of traffic safety in Bogor City, to analyze the effect of discipline motorists against motor vehicle safety in Bogor, to describes the efforts undertaken Bogor City Government cq. DLLAJ city of Bogor in improving discipline of motorists against motor vehicle safety in Bogor. Methods used are descriptive and associative method. The data used are primary data and secondary data. Primary data is collected by distributing a questionnaire, and supported by the observations and interviews. The collection of secondary data sourced from documents, literature and related research. The sampling technique is simple random sampling that amounted to 56 motorists on the three streets are: Jl.Raya Tajur as many as 20 riders, 16 riders from Jl.KS Tubun, and 20 riders from Jl.Jalak Harupat. Based on the correlation coefficient between the disciplines of motor vehicles with safety in traffic amounted to 0.513 and the interpretation is quite strong, and the positive direction indicates that the variable of riders discipline with variable of safety is significant correlation, means that the higher discipline the higher the level of safety. That correlation between the variable X (Discipline) with Y (Safety) is significant at an error rate of 0.01 (1%) and 99% confidence. Based on the conclusion, the author recommend: the Department of Transportation in Bogor through the Section of Communication, Information, Education and Communications-Section Guidance and Safety in order to continue disseminating safety riding, and equipping of road infrastructure such as mounting traffic signs, road markers, tool of speed limit, a safety device road users to improve road safety. Keywords: High-Discipline, safety drive, the higher discipline the higher the level of safety

Different modulation schemes for direct and external modulators based on various laser sources

2020 ◽  
Vol 0 (0) ◽  
Author(s):  
Hazem M. El-Hageen ◽  
P.G. Kuppusamy ◽  
Aadel M. Alatwi ◽  
M. Sivaram ◽  
Z. Ahamed Yasar ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Rate Equation ◽  
Simulation Software ◽  
Optical Systems ◽  
Laser Source ◽  
Optical Link ◽  
Input And Output ◽  
Modulation Techniques ◽  
Different Types ◽  
Laser Sources ◽  
Modulation Schemes

AbstractDifferent types of laser source modulation techniques have been used in various applications depending on the objective. As optical systems extract the laws and the best solutions from experiments and simulations, the present study uses simulation software with different modulation types so the output signals can be compared. The modulators used are Mach-Zehnder, which is an external modulator, and electro-absorption modulator and laser rate equation modulator, which are direct modulators. All these types have an optical link multimode (MM) fiber with a photodiode in the receiver end that can be modeled. The input and output signals are analyzed using different types of modulations.

scholarly journals Contrasting Perspectives on the Comfort and Safety of Pedestrians Interacting with Other Road Users

2021 ◽  
Vol 2675 (3) ◽  
pp. 33-43
Author(s):  
Alexander Bigazzi ◽  
Gurdiljot Gill ◽  
Meghan Winters
Keyword(s):  
Traffic Safety ◽  
Injury Risk ◽  
Road User ◽  
Motor Vehicles ◽  
Advisory Group ◽  
User Interactions ◽  
The Public ◽  
Road Users ◽  
Expert Assessments ◽  
Sample Representation

Assessments of interactions between road users are crucial to understanding comfort and safety. However, observers may vary in their perceptions and ratings of road user interactions. The objective of this paper is to examine how perceptions of yielding, comfort, and safety for pedestrian interactions vary among observers, ranging from members of the public to road safety experts. Video clips of pedestrian interactions with motor vehicles and bicycles were collected from 11 crosswalks and shown to three groups of participants (traffic safety experts, an engaged citizen advisory group, and members of the general public) along with questions about yielding, comfort, and risk of injury. Experts had similar views of yielding and comfort to the other two groups, but a consistently lower assessment of injury risk for pedestrians in the study. Respondent socio-demographics did not relate to perceptions of yielding, comfort, or risk, but self-reported travel habits did. Respondents who reported walking more frequently rated pedestrian comfort as lower, and respondents who reported cycling more frequently rated risk as lower for pedestrian interactions with both motor vehicles and bicycles. Findings suggest small groups of engaged citizens can provide useful information about public perspectives on safety that likely diverge from expert assessments of risk, and that sample representation should be assessed in relation to travel habits rather than socio-demographics.

scholarly journals Drunk Drivers’ Willingness to Use and to Pay for Designated Drivers

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (10) ◽  
pp. 5362
Author(s):  
Rong-Chang Jou ◽  
Li-Wun Syu
Keyword(s):  
Traffic Safety ◽  
Family Background ◽  
Drunk Driving ◽  
Motor Vehicles ◽  
Drinking Habits ◽  
Car Accidents ◽  
Drunk Drivers ◽  
Double Hurdle ◽  
The Government ◽  
Willingness To Use

While drunk driving accidents, which are a serious problem in Taiwan, have decreased in recent years, cases of drunk driving continue to emerge endlessly, and are a source of traffic risks even when the accidents cause no injuries. In order to prevent drunk driving and reduce car accidents, the government has made laws stricter, and has vigorously promoted “designated drivers”. As the concept of designated drivers is not common in Taiwan, this study mainly explores drunk drivers’ understanding of designated drivers in Nantou County and Taichung City, and investigates the willingness of drunk drivers to use and to pay for designated driving services. This study conducted a questionnaire survey on the drunk drivers of the drunk driving and traffic safety training course held at the Motor Vehicles Office. Double-hurdle and tobit models were applied to investigate the issues mentioned above. According to the test results, the tobit model was superior to the double-hurdle model. The estimation results indicated that distance, age, income, family conditions, and drinking habits influence the willingness to use and to pay for designated drivers. Gender, age, family background, and experience in designated driving cause differences in the willingness to use designated drivers in the two regions. It is expected that the conclusion of this study could provide a direction and reference for the future improvement of designated driving services.

scholarly journals 40. MVCs: Five Most Frequent Sources of Injury

1996 ◽  
Vol 11 (S2) ◽  
pp. S41-S41
Author(s):  
John E. Gough ◽  
Richard C. Hunt
Keyword(s):  
Traffic Safety ◽  
Motor Vehicles ◽  
Highway Traffic ◽  
Sampling System ◽  
National Highway Traffic Safety ◽  
National Highway

Purpose: To determine the most frequent sources of injuries from the interior of motor vehicles involved in crashes.Methods: We searched the National Highway Traffic Safety Administration's National Accident Sampling System to determine the most frequent sources of injuries. This database includes sources of injuries resulting from crashes from January 1, 1991 to December 31, 1992.

Efficiency of Advanced Ground Transportation Technologies

2002 ◽  
Vol 124 (3) ◽  
pp. 173-179 ◽  
Author(s):  
Frank Kreith ◽  
Ron E. West ◽  
Beth E. Isler
Keyword(s):  
Natural Gas ◽  
Electric Vehicles ◽  
Hybrid Electric Vehicles ◽  
Fuel Cycle ◽  
Primary Energy ◽  
Motor Vehicles ◽  
Fuel Production ◽  
Different Types ◽  
Transportation Technologies ◽  
Methanol Fuel Cell

This paper presents thermodynamic analyses of ten different scenarios for using natural gas to power motor vehicles. Specifically, it presents a comparison between different types of automotive vehicles using fuels made from natural gas feedstock. In comparing the various fuel-vehicle options, a complete well-to-wheel fuel cycle is considered. This approach starts with the well at which the feedstock is first extracted from the ground and ends with the power finally delivered to the wheels of the vehicle. This all-inclusive comparison is essential in order to accurately and fairly compare the transportation options. This study indicates that at the present time hybrid-electric vehicles, particularly those using diesel components, can achieve the highest efficiency among available technologies using natural gas as the primary energy source. Hydrogen spark ignition, all-electric battery-powered, and methanol fuel cell vehicles rank lowest in well-to-wheel efficiency because of their poor fuel production efficiencies.

scholarly journals Analysis of Differences in ECG Characteristics for Different Types of Drivers under Anxiety

2021 ◽  
Vol 2021 ◽  
pp. 1-14
Author(s):  
Yongqing Guo ◽  
Xiaoyuan Wang ◽  
Qing Xu ◽  
Quan Yuan ◽  
Chenglin Bai ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Traffic Safety ◽  
Road Traffic ◽  
Warning System ◽  
Actual State ◽  
Ecg Signal ◽  
Test Analysis ◽  
Driving Experience ◽  
Road Traffic Safety ◽  
Different Types ◽  
Unpleasant Feeling

Anxiety is a complex emotion characterized by an unpleasant feeling of tension when people anticipate a threat or negative consequence. It is regarded as a comprehensive reflection of human thought processes, physiological arousal, and external stimuli. The actual state of emotion can be represented objectively by human physiological signals. This study aims to analyze the differences of ECG (electrocardiogram) characteristics for various types of drivers under anxiety. We used several methods to induce drivers’ mood states (calm and anxiety) and then conducted the real and virtual driving experiments to collect driver’s ECG signal data. Physiological changes in ECG during the experiments were recorded using the PSYLAB software. The independent sample t-test analysis was conducted to determine if there are significant differences in ECG characteristics for different types of drivers in anxious state during driving. The results show that there are significant differences in ECG signal characteristics of drivers by gender, age, and driving experience, in time domain, frequency domain, and waveform under anxiety. Our findings of this study contribute to the development of more intelligent and personalized driver warning system, which could improve road traffic safety.

Additional noise reduction with diffracting elements on barriers: experimental testing

2021 ◽  
Vol 263 (4) ◽  
pp. 2654-2664
Author(s):  
Wout Schwanen ◽  
Mark Mertens ◽  
Ysbrand Wijnant ◽  
Willem Jan van Vliet
Keyword(s):  
Noise Reduction ◽  
Experimental Testing ◽  
Low Noise ◽  
Motor Vehicles ◽  
Additional Element ◽  
High Noise ◽  
Quarter Wavelength ◽  
Noise Barrier ◽  
Sound Reduction ◽  
Development And Validation

The noise reduction of a (low) noise barrier can be enhanced by using an additional element with quarter-wavelength resonators with varying depths. The so-called WHISwall or WHIStop deflects sound upwards for specific frequencies creating an additional sound reduction. Different experiments on the WHISwall and WHIStop are performed as input for model validation. The development and validation of the model are described in a separate paper. In this paper the measurement campaign and its results are presented. We performed measurements on two setups. The first setup consists of a 1.1 meter high WHISwall, a 1.1m high noise barrier and a reference section (without noise measure). Measurements have been conducted with both an artificial sound source and pass by measurements with light and heavy motor vehicles. In a second test setup, the WHIStop was placed on top of a 4 meter high noise barrier and the diffraction was determined according the European standard EN 1793-4.

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