Modeling of Deformations and Stresses During Glass Tempering

2011 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Aronen ◽  
R. Karvinen
Keyword(s):  
Heat Transfer ◽  
Energy Consumption ◽  
Residual Stresses ◽  
Process Parameters ◽  
Visual Quality ◽  
Theoretical Knowledge ◽  
Tempered Glass ◽  
Detailed Understanding ◽  
Glass Behavior

Tempered glass must have good strength and visual quality. This is achieved with proper heat transfer control during tempering. Measurement of stresses in tempered glass and temperature measurement during the process are difficult but with simulation the effect of the different process parameters which affect the tempering results and deformations can be studied. A detailed understanding of the process helps to increase the quality of the tempered glass and to decrease the energy consumption of the process. In order to understand the tempering process a theoretical knowledge of heat transfer, mechanics and glass behavior is needed. In the paper the theory of residual stresses is presented and its suitability for use in improvement of the process is discussed.

Effect of Coating Process Parameters on the Development of Residual Stresses in Ceramic Coatings

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ali Gadelmoula ◽  
Khaled Al-Athel
Keyword(s):  
Residual Stresses ◽  
Process Parameters ◽  
Elevated Temperatures ◽  
Ceramic Coatings ◽  
Interface Roughness ◽  
Fe Model ◽  
Computational Framework ◽  
Scientists And Engineers ◽  
Coating Layers

Abstract Ceramic coatings are widely used in many engineering applications, especially applications related to components operating at elevated temperatures. One of the main issues relates to ceramic coatings is the development of residual stresses due to quenching and the thermal mismatch between the deposited coating layers and the substrate. In this work, a computational framework is developed to investigate the effect of various process parameters on the development of the residual stresses. The geometry of the coating layers and the interface roughness between the layers is first generated using SimCoat, a Monte Carlo based statistical algorithm that determines the effect of process parameters (droplet size, spraying speed, etc.) on the characteristics of the developed coating (coating thickness, porosity, etc.). An in-house code is used to convert the statistical data into a finite element (FE) model. Various FE models are generated with different process parameters, and the development of residual stresses is compared between them. The developed framework can be used by material scientists and engineers to predict the quality of the coating and optimize the process parameters to any specific application.

China: "A Bee Has a Stripy Back, but No One Can Call It a Tiger"

2003 ◽  
pp. 61-75
Author(s):  
V. Guelbras
Keyword(s):  
Energy Consumption ◽  
Gdp Growth ◽  
International Demand ◽  
Real Size ◽  
Rates Of Growth

The article is devoted to verification of the Chinese GDP data. The author compares the rates of GDP growth with the rates of growth of energy consumption, transport turnover of goods, and numbers of projected and constructed objects in 1980-2000. The former was significantly lower during that period. He also analyses the level of using productive capacities and the quality of production. About 25-30% of industrial productive capacities are not used because there is neither national nor international demand for their low quality goods. The main conclusion of the article is that the Chinese GDP real size is about 20-30% less than official releases.

Application Of Cusum Chart In Control Of Paper Quality

GIS Business ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 14 (6) ◽  
pp. 1062-1069
Author(s):  
S.Ramesh ◽  
B.A.Vasu
Keyword(s):  
Process Parameters ◽  
Manufacturing Process ◽  
Paper Industry ◽  
Primary Data ◽  
Cusum Chart ◽  
Paper Machine ◽  
Statistical Control ◽  
Operating Characteristics ◽  
Small Shift

This paper is an attempt to assess if the manufacturing process of paper machine is in statistical control thereby improving the quality of paper being produced in a paper industry at the time of process itself. Quality is the foremost criteria for achieving the business target. Therefore, emphasis was made on controlling the quality of paper at the time of manufacturing process itself, rather than checking the finished lots at a later time.  This control on quality will help the industry deduct the small shift in the process parameters and modify the operating characteristics at the time of production itself rather than receiving complaints from customers at a later stage.  This paper describes controlling quality at the time of manufacture itself and helps the industry to concentrate on quality at low cost. The researcher has collected primary data at a leading paper industry during October, 2019.  Though X-bar and Range charges were primarily used, CUSUM charts were used to sense the minor shifts in manufacturing process, to explore the possibility of adjusting process parameters during manufacture of paper.

Enhancing Visual Quality of Multi-view 360 Video Compression Pipeline

2019 ◽  
pp. 135
Author(s):  
Junyoung Yun ◽  
Hong-Chang Shin ◽  
Gwangsoon Lee ◽  
Jong-Il Park
Keyword(s):  
Video Compression ◽  
Visual Quality

Heat Transfer Enhancement in Separation Process of Ethanol from Ethanol Water Mixture by Using Surfactants

2020 ◽  
pp. 9-14 ◽  
Author(s):  
Acharya Anil Ramchandra ◽  
R. Kadam ◽  
A. T. Pise
Keyword(s):  
Heat Transfer ◽  
Ammonium Chloride ◽  
Sodium Dodecyl ◽  
Water Mixture ◽  
Transfer Enhancement ◽  
Surface Tension Reduction ◽  
Surface Active Agents ◽  
Surface Active ◽  
Time Required

Here the investigations are done while distillation of ethanol-water mixture for separating ethanol from fermentation process. Focus is to study reduction in time required and hence saving in energy for the distillation process of ethanol-water mixture under the influence of surface-active agents (Surfactants). This novelty is from observation of these surfactants to enhance heat transfer rate because of surface tension reduction in aqueous solutions. SDS (Sodium Dodecyl Sulphate), NH4Cl (Ammonium Chloride) and SLBS (Sodium lauryl benzene sulphonate) surfactants in different concentration are experimented. The concentration of these surfactant is varied from 1700 ppm to 2800 ppm. This range is decided by observing critical micelle concentration of used surfactants. Results showed that time is reduced and hence energy consumption is also reduced. Results shown by NH4Cl are found to be more useful as it is ecofriendly surfactant which is not affecting ethanol-water mixture. Use of ammonium chloride as surfactant in distillation is actually useful to reduce energy without hampering the quality of process is the novelty of this work.

scholarly journals Comparison of Phase Characteristics and Residual Stresses in Ti-6Al-4V Alloy Manufactured by Laser Powder Bed Fusion (L-PBF) and Electron Beam Powder Bed Fusion (EB-PBF) Techniques

Crystals ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (7) ◽  
pp. 796
Author(s):  
Aya Takase ◽  
Takuya Ishimoto ◽  
Naotaka Morita ◽  
Naoko Ikeo ◽  
Takayoshi Nakano
Keyword(s):  
Electron Beam ◽  
Residual Stresses ◽  
Cooling Rate ◽  
Process Parameters ◽  
Phase Evolution ◽  
Powder Bed Fusion ◽  
Laser Powder Bed Fusion ◽  
Solidification Temperature ◽  
Powder Bed ◽  
Β Phase

Ti-6Al-4V alloy fabricated by laser powder bed fusion (L-PBF) and electron beam powder bed fusion (EB-PBF) techniques have been studied for applications ranging from medicine to aviation. The fabrication technique is often selected based on the part size and fabrication speed, while less attention is paid to the differences in the physicochemical properties. Especially, the relationship between the evolution of α, α’, and β phases in as-grown parts and the fabrication techniques is unclear. This work systematically and quantitatively investigates how L-PBF and EB-PBF and their process parameters affect the phase evolution of Ti-6Al-4V and residual stresses in the final parts. This is the first report demonstrating the correlations among measured parameters, indicating the lattice strain reduces, and c/a increases, shifting from an α’ to α+β or α structure as the crystallite size of the α or α’ phase increases. The experimental results combined with heat-transfer simulation indicate the cooling rate near the β transus temperature dictates the resulting phase characteristics, whereas the residual stress depends on the cooling rate immediately below the solidification temperature. This study provides new insights into the previously unknown differences in the α, α’, and β phase evolution between L-PBF and EB-PBF and their process parameters.

Evaluation of Drying Performance, Energy Consumption, and Quality of Two-Stage Dried Maize Grain

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Md. Akhtaruzzaman ◽  
Md. Hasan Tarek Mondal ◽  
Mrityunjoy Biswas ◽  
Md. Abdul Momin Sheikh ◽  
Anwara Akter Khatun ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Energy Consumption ◽  
Two Stage ◽  
Maize Grain

scholarly journals ART-UP: A Novel Method for Generating Scanning-Robust Aesthetic QR Codes

2021 ◽  
Vol 17 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-23
Author(s):  
Mingliang Xu ◽  
Qingfeng Li ◽  
Jianwei Niu ◽  
Hao Su ◽  
Xiting Liu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
State Of The Art ◽  
Visual Quality ◽  
Qr Code ◽  
Quick Response ◽  
Estimation Model ◽  
Qr Codes ◽  
Excellent Performance ◽  
Novel Method ◽  
Coarse To Fine

Quick response (QR) codes are usually scanned in different environments, so they must be robust to variations in illumination, scale, coverage, and camera angles. Aesthetic QR codes improve the visual quality, but subtle changes in their appearance may cause scanning failure. In this article, a new method to generate scanning-robust aesthetic QR codes is proposed, which is based on a module-based scanning probability estimation model that can effectively balance the tradeoff between visual quality and scanning robustness. Our method locally adjusts the luminance of each module by estimating the probability of successful sampling. The approach adopts the hierarchical, coarse-to-fine strategy to enhance the visual quality of aesthetic QR codes, which sequentially generate the following three codes: a binary aesthetic QR code, a grayscale aesthetic QR code, and the final color aesthetic QR code. Our approach also can be used to create QR codes with different visual styles by adjusting some initialization parameters. User surveys and decoding experiments were adopted for evaluating our method compared with state-of-the-art algorithms, which indicates that the proposed approach has excellent performance in terms of both visual quality and scanning robustness.

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