Anomalous Rheological Behavior of Complex Fluids (Nanofluids)

2011 ◽  
Author(s):  
Byeongnam Jo ◽  
Seunghwan Jung ◽  
Donghyun Shin ◽  
Debjyoti Banerjee
Keyword(s):  
Experimental Study ◽  
Rheological Behavior ◽  
Metal Salt ◽  
Complex Fluids ◽  
Shear Thinning ◽  
The Other ◽  
Metal Salts ◽  
Different Types ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Newtonian Behavior

The rheological behavior of various complex fluids was explored in this experimental study. Nanofluids were obtained by mixing nanoparticles with various solvents. The solvents consisted of metal salt eutectics that melt at high temperatures (exceeding 200 °C) depending on the composition of the metal salts in the eutectics. The rheological behaviors of these high temperature solvents were measured as a function of temperature before and after mixing with different types of nanoparticles (chemical composition, size, shape and concentration). These nanofluids exhibited non-Newtonian behavior (shear thinning behavior) while some of the other nanofluids were surprisingly found to have Newtonian behavior. It was observed that high aspect ratio nanoparticles (e.g., stick shaped carbon nanotubes) were more likely to cause shear thinning behavior of the resulting nanofluids.

scholarly journals Comparative Analysis of Capabilities of Different Types of Cone-Beam Tomography in an Experimental Study of Root Canals of Teeth Filled with High-Density Materials (part 2)

2021 ◽  
pp. 51-61
Author(s):  
A. Yu. Vasil'ev ◽  
V. V. Petrovskaya ◽  
E. A. Nichipor ◽  
V. G. Alpatova ◽  
N. N. Potrakhov ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Computed Tomography ◽  
Experimental Study ◽  
Cone Beam Computed Tomography ◽  
Comparative Assessment ◽  
High Density ◽  
Cone Beam ◽  
Root Canals ◽  
Different Types ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Cone Beam Tomography

During the course of this experimental study tomograms of extracted teeth were analyzed before and after filling the root canals with an endodontic material and fragments of broken metal instruments for root canal treatment. During the first stage of the experiment, untreated extracted teeth were scanned using conebeam computed tomography and microfocus cone-beam computed tomography. A comparative assessment of capabilities of the two methods of cone-beam computed tomography based on examination of untreated root canals was carried out. The second part of the study is dedicated to visualization of root canals that contain foreign high-density materials.

scholarly journals Comparison of Usability between Gear Shifters with Varied Visual and Haptic Patterns and Complexities

2020 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
pp. 24
Author(s):  
Sanna Lohilahti Bladfält ◽  
Camilla Grane ◽  
Peter Bengtsson
Keyword(s):  
Experimental Study ◽  
Ease Of Use ◽  
Manual Transmission ◽  
The Other ◽  
Complexity Level ◽  
The Road ◽  
Advantages And Disadvantages ◽  
Driver Performance ◽  
Different Types ◽  
Haptic Patterns

Shift-by-wire technology enables more options concerning the design, placement and functions of gear shifters compared to traditional gear shifters with manual transmission. These variations can impact usability and driver performance. There is a lack of research regarding the potential advantages and disadvantages of different types of gear shifters. The purpose of this study was to investigate the efficiency and subjective ease-of-use of mono- and polystable joystick gear shifter types at different complexity levels and with full or limited visibility. An experimental study with 36 participants was conducted. The results showed that monostable joysticks, especially those with an I/J-shape, were overall less efficient and easy to use than polystable joysticks. The highest complexity level clearly affected the efficiency for the monostable joystick with an I/J-shape (mono I/J) compared with the other gear shifter types. The monostable joystick with an I/J-shape (mono I/J) was also most affected by reduced visibility at the highest level of complexity, indicating that it was more prone to causing users to take their eyes off the road.

The influence of some physical characteristics of the milking machine on the rate of new mastitis infections

1973 ◽  
Vol 40 (1) ◽  
pp. 117-129 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. C. Thiel ◽  
Carol L. Cousins ◽  
D. R. Westgarth ◽  
F. K. Neave
Keyword(s):  
Short Duration ◽  
Streptococcus Agalactiae ◽  
The Other ◽  
Vacuum Fluctuations ◽  
Infection Rates ◽  
Experimental Conditions ◽  
Different Types ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Milking Machine ◽  
Do So

SummaryLarge differences in new infection rates occurred with half-udder milking machines in which one half of the cluster operated substantially free from vacuum fluctuations while the other half was subjected to various combinations of different types of fluctuation in vacuum. To increase the rate of new infection all teats were contaminated before and after each milking by immersion in a suspension of Streptococcus agalactiae and Str. dysgalactiae. A series of short-duration trials indicated that neither irregular nor cyclic fluctuations in vacuum acting alone were able to increase new infection rate. However, either the Nyhan and Cowhig irregular fluctuation, or a variant of it in combination with cyclic fluctuations in vacuum, was able to do so under the particular experimental conditions used.

Problem Solving Performance of First Semester Maintenance Trainees in Two Fault Diagnosis Tasks

1979 ◽  
Vol 21 (5) ◽  
pp. 611-618 ◽  
Author(s):  
William B. Rouse
Keyword(s):  
Experimental Study ◽  
Fault Diagnosis ◽  
Problem Solving ◽  
Network Size ◽  
The Other ◽  
Certificate Program ◽  
First Semester ◽  
Trouble Shooting ◽  
Different Types ◽  
And Training

Forty-eight first semester trainees in an FAA certificate program participated in an experimental study of trouble-shooting of two different types of graphically displayed networks. The effects of network size, redundancy, feedback, computer aiding, and training were considered. It was found that performance degraded as network size increased, degraded as the level of feedback was reduced, improved with the use of computer aiding, and that skills developed with computer aiding in one task were transferred to the other task.

scholarly journals Facial Anti-Aging Treatments with Soft Peeling and Microneedling Technique

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (13) ◽  
pp. 6068
Author(s):  
Roberto Amore ◽  
Fiorella Deriu ◽  
Andrea Sbarbati ◽  
Domenico Amuso ◽  
Massimo Vitale ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Experimental Study ◽  
Healthy Subjects ◽  
Recovery Period ◽  
Single Session ◽  
Facial Aging ◽  
Non Invasive ◽  
Different Types ◽  
Before And After ◽  
The Face ◽  
Aesthetic Procedures

Background: The interest in maintaining a young and attractive appearance in an era with increasingly hectic rhythms has generated a pressing demand for effective aesthetic procedures with the shortest possible recovery period, stimulating the search for non-invasive, yet successful, solutions. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effectiveness of the combined soft peeling and MN technique on the various imperfections typical of facial aging. Methods: This multicentric uncontrolled experimental study recruited a population of healthy subjects of both sexes with advanced signs of photo- and chrono-aging. These subjects were provided with a single session of microneedling and peeling at the same time. Recruited subjects were re-evaluated 30 (±4) and 60 (±4) days after treatment by photographic comparison before and after treatment. The physicians evaluated the improvement of facial wrinkles according to the Wrinkle Assessment Scale of Lemperle. Forty-nine subjects completed the study and showed a significant improvement in wrinkles in all areas of the face. Results: There were no significant differences in the different subpopulations compared: males–females, Glogau 3–Glogau 4, smokers–non-smokers, phototypes 1–4, and check up at 30 days–control at 60 days. The adverse events manifested were localized edema in four cases (8.2%) lasting an average of 3–4 days, very fine crustiness in four cases (8.2%), transient post inflammatory dyschromia in two cases (4.1%) lasting 2–3 weeks, and herpetic reactivation in one case (2.0%). Conclusions: The study demonstrates the therapeutic efficacy of the combined needling-peeling treatment in different types of wrinkles.

scholarly journals The Bifurcations of the Critical Points and the Role of Depth in a Symmetric Caldera Potential Energy Surface

2021 ◽  
Vol 31 (11) ◽  
pp. 2130034
Author(s):  
Y. Geng ◽  
M. Katsanikas ◽  
M. Agaoglou ◽  
S. Wiggins
Keyword(s):  
Potential Energy ◽  
Potential Energy Surface ◽  
Critical Points ◽  
Energy Surface ◽  
The Other ◽  
Different Types ◽  
Before And After ◽  
The One ◽  
The Way

In this work, we continue the study of the bifurcations of the critical points in a symmetric Caldera potential energy surface. In particular, we study the influence of the depth of the potential on the trajectory behavior before and after the bifurcation of the critical points. We observe two different types of trajectory behavior: dynamical matching and the nonexistence of dynamical matching. Dynamical matching is a phenomenon that limits the way in which a trajectory can exit the Caldera based solely on how it enters the Caldera. Furthermore, we discuss two different types of symmetric Caldera potential energy surface and the transition from the one type to the other through the bifurcations of the critical points.

scholarly journals Testing the effectiveness of disinfectant protocols for soiled footwear

2008 ◽  
Vol 61 ◽  
pp. 384-384
Author(s):  
S.D. Young ◽  
M.R. McNeill ◽  
D.J. Saville
Keyword(s):  
New Zealand ◽  
The Other ◽  
Polysorbate 80 ◽  
Culturable Bacteria ◽  
Running Shoes ◽  
Different Types ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Bacteria And Fungi ◽  
Better Than

Footwear carried by international air travellers arriving in New Zealand is subject to inspection and if necessary cleaning and disinfecting by MAFBNZ quarantine inspectors A study to evaluate the effectiveness of disinfectant treatment was carried out on three different types of footwear (running shoes gumboots and tramping boots) cleaned following observed MAFBNZ procedure (dip) and following a 10 minute soak Two disinfectant treatments (VirkonTM and TriGene AdvanceTM) were compared with a surfactant (polysorbate 80) and water only Soles were swabbed for microbes before and after washing and culturable bacteria and fungi per cm2 were enumerated Disinfectant treatments reduced bacteria numbers by 99 compared with 98 for both water and surfactant treatments VirkonTM was the best treatment for bacteria both with the standard dip and the 10 minute soak but it was not significantly better than the other treatments Soaking also reduced bacterial numbers compared to the dip treatment but not significantly For fungi the two disinfectants surfactant and water yielded similar reductions (97) Soaking reduced fungal numbers compared to the dip treatment but this was not quite significant (P0051)

scholarly journals Comparing Meal Satisfaction Based on Different Types of Tableware: An Experimental Study of Japanese Cuisine Culture

Foods ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (7) ◽  
pp. 1546
Author(s):  
Tomoko Hasegawa ◽  
Nobuyuki Sakai
Keyword(s):  
Food Industry ◽  
The Other ◽  
Food Preparation ◽  
Japanese Culture ◽  
Japanese People ◽  
Perceptual Evaluation ◽  
Different Types ◽  
Before And After ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Plastic Containers

In Japan, as in other countries, the externalization of food preparation is increasing. Japanese people are interested in the combination of food and tableware and they are concerned about transferring ready-made meals from plastic containers to natural tableware. This study aimed to examine the varying evaluations of meals due to differences in tableware. In this study, we investigated the effect of tableware on meal satisfaction, which is emphasized in Japanese culture. We studied the difference in the evaluation of ready-made meals (a rice ball, salad, croquette, and corn soup) before, during, and after a meal under two conditions: plastic tableware and natural wooden tableware. The results showed that there was no difference in the perceptual evaluation of taste and texture during the meal, except for the color of the salad and the temperature of the soup. On the other hand, meals served on natural wooden tableware were rated more positively than those served on plastic tableware before and after meals. These results suggest that, in Japan, the use of tableware, even for ready-made meals, increases the level of meal satisfaction. These findings have implications for both the providers and consumers of ready-made meals as well as the food industry.

scholarly journals Experimental study on the emission influence of the fuel system faults for light-duty vehicle

2021 ◽  
Vol 268 ◽  
pp. 01051
Author(s):  
Le Liu ◽  
Lihui Wang ◽  
Liyun Qian ◽  
Peilin Geng ◽  
Wei Zhao ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Experimental Study ◽  
The Other ◽  
Fuel System ◽  
Rich Mixture ◽  
Light Duty ◽  
Different Types ◽  
Light Duty Vehicle ◽  
Light Duty Vehicles ◽  
Types Of Faults ◽  
Important System

The fuel system is a very important system in light-duty vehicles. The faults of the system will cause serious deterioration of vehicle emissions and other performance. In order to study the influence of different types of faults on emissions, this paper studies the faults of several OBDII vehicles. The results show that: the fault of rich mixture in fuel system will increase the emissions of CO and NMHC by 3-5 times and the emissions of NOx by 1-2 times; the fault of lean mixture in fuel system will increase the emissions of NOx by 4-5 times and the emissions of CO and NMHC by 0.7-2.5 times; there are two kinds of imbalance faults, one is imbalance lean and the other is imbalance rich. Imbalance lean mainly causes NOx deterioration, which is increased by 7.5 times. Imbalance rich mainly causes CO and NMHC emissions deterioration, which is increased by about 3 times. There are many kinds of faults in the fuel system which cause serious deterioration of emissions. It is necessary to focus on monitoring the faults of the fuel system.

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