Model Development and Analysis of a Cricket Filiform Hair Socket Under Low Velocity Air Currents

2012 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kanishka Joshi ◽  
Ahsan Mian ◽  
John Miller
Keyword(s):  
Model Development ◽  
Original Position ◽  
Low Velocity ◽  
Flow Sensors ◽  
Sensing Mechanism ◽  
Flow Sensing ◽  
Preliminary Study ◽  
Abdominal Appendages ◽  
Filiform Hair

Cricket filiform hairs are very sensitive to air currents in the animal’s immediate environment generated by movement of other animals or objects. When an air current is experienced by the animal, filiform hairs located on a pair of abdominal appendages called cerci deflect from their original position, activating the sensing mechanism. Though the flow sensing mechanism of the hair has been studied previously and flow sensors have been fabricated based on the same principle, the socket structure in which the hair base sits and which encompasses the hair below the skin of the cricket has not been characterized in terms of deformation and stress transfers. This paper presents a preliminary study on the response of the socket under a given loading or displacement the hair experiences. If the socket is characterized well, the mechanical principles can be applied in the design of a highly-responsive MEMS senor.

Static Analysis of a Microscale Cricket Filiform Hair Socket

2014 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Hossain ◽  
A. Mian
Keyword(s):  
Static Analysis ◽  
Sensory System ◽  
Mems Devices ◽  
Low Velocity ◽  
Element Analysis ◽  
Physical Conditions ◽  
Fea Model ◽  
Highly Sensitive ◽  
Filiform Hair ◽  
Spiking Activity

Filiform hairs of crickets are of great interest to engineers because of their highly sensitive response to low velocity air currents. In this study, the cercal sensory system of a common house cricket has been analyzed. The sensory system consists of two antennae like appendages called cerci that are situated at the rear of the cricket’s abdomen. Each cercus is covered with 500–750 flow sensitive hairs that are embedded in a complex viscoelastic socket that acts as a spring -dashpot system and guides the movement of the hair. When the hair deflects due to the drag force induced on its length by a moving air-current, the spiking activity of the neuron and the combined spiking activity of all hairs are extracted by the cercal sensory system. The hair has been experimentally studied by few researchers though its characteristics are not fully understood. The socket structure has not been analyzed experimentally or theoretically from a mechanical standpoint. Therefore, this study aims to understand the socket’s behavior and its interaction with the filiform hair by conducting static analysis. First, a 3D Finite Element Analysis (FEA) model, representing hair and hair-socket, has been developed. Then the static analysis is conducted utilizing the appropriate load and boundary conditions based on the physical conditions that an insect experiences. These numerical analyses aid to understand the deformation mechanism the hair and hair-socket system. The operating principles of the hair and hair-socket could be used for the design of highly responsive MEMS devices such as fluid flow sensors or micro-manipulators.

scholarly journals Piezoresistive Carbon Nanofiber-Based Cilia-Inspired Flow Sensor

Nanomaterials ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (2) ◽  
pp. 211 ◽  
Author(s):  
Debarun Sengupta ◽  
Duco Trap ◽  
Ajay Giri Prakash Kottapalli
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Nanofiber ◽  
Detection Threshold ◽  
Flow Sensor ◽  
Oxygen Intake ◽  
Mems Devices ◽  
Flow Sensors ◽  
Flow Monitoring ◽  
Flow Sensing ◽  
Artificial Cilia ◽  
Lower Detection

Evolving over millions of years, hair-like natural flow sensors called cilia, which are found in fish, crickets, spiders, and inner ear cochlea, have achieved high resolution and sensitivity in flow sensing. In the pursuit of achieving such exceptional flow sensing performance in artificial sensors, researchers in the past have attempted to mimic the material, morphological, and functional properties of biological cilia sensors, to develop MEMS-based artificial cilia flow sensors. However, the fabrication of bio-inspired artificial cilia sensors involves complex and cumbersome micromachining techniques that lay constraints on the choice of materials, and prolongs the time taken to research, design, and fabricate new and novel designs, subsequently increasing the time-to-market. In this work, we establish a novel process flow for fabricating inexpensive, yet highly sensitive, cilia-inspired flow sensors. The artificial cilia flow sensor presented here, features a cilia-inspired high-aspect-ratio titanium pillar on an electrospun carbon nanofiber (CNF) sensing membrane. Tip displacement response calibration experiments conducted on the artificial cilia flow sensor demonstrated a lower detection threshold of 50 µm. Furthermore, flow calibration experiments conducted on the sensor revealed a steady-state airflow sensitivity of 6.16 mV/(m s−1) and an oscillatory flow sensitivity of 26 mV/(m s−1), with a lower detection threshold limit of 12.1 mm/s in the case of oscillatory flows. The flow sensing calibration experiments establish the feasibility of the proposed method for developing inexpensive, yet sensitive, flow sensors; which will be useful for applications involving precise flow monitoring in microfluidic devices, precise air/oxygen intake monitoring for hypoxic patients, and other biomedical devices tailored for intravenous drip/urine flow monitoring. In addition, this work also establishes the applicability of CNFs as novel sensing elements in MEMS devices and flexible sensors.

Semi-analytical model development for preliminary study of 3D woven Composite/Metallic flange bolted assemblies

2021 ◽  
Vol 255 ◽  
pp. 112906
Author(s):  
Wafaa El Masnaoui ◽  
Alain DaidiÉ ◽  
Frédéric Lachaud ◽  
Christian Paleczny
Keyword(s):  
Analytical Model ◽  
Model Development ◽  
Woven Composite ◽  
Preliminary Study

Biomimetic flow sensors for biomedical flow sensing in intravenous tubes

2016 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zhiyuan Shen ◽  
Ajay Giri Prakash Kottapalli ◽  
Vignesh Subramaniam ◽  
Mohsen Asadnia ◽  
Jianmin Miao ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Flow Sensors ◽  
Flow Sensing

Optically driven pumps and flow sensors for microfluidic systems

2008 ◽  
Vol 222 (5) ◽  
pp. 829-837 ◽  
Author(s):  
H Mushfique ◽  
J Leach ◽  
R Di Leonardo ◽  
M J Padgett ◽  
J M Cooper
Keyword(s):  
Fluid Flow ◽  
Optical Tweezers ◽  
Microfluidic Channel ◽  
Optical Traps ◽  
Spin Angular Momentum ◽  
Flow Sensors ◽  
Flow Sensing ◽  
Optically Trapped ◽  
Surrounding Fluid ◽  
Displace Fluid

This paper describes techniques for generating and measuring fluid flow in microfluidic devices. The first technique is for the multi-point measurement of fluid flow in microscopic geometries. The flow sensing method uses an array of optically trapped microprobe sensors to map out the fluid flow. The optical traps are alternately turned on and off such that the probe particles are displaced by the flow of the surrounding fluid and then retrapped. The particles' displacements are monitored by digital video microscopy and directly converted into velocity field values. The second is a method for generating flow within a microfluidic channel using an optically driven pump. The optically driven pump consists of two counter-rotating birefringent vaterite particles trapped within a microfluidic channel and driven using optical tweezers. The transfer of spin angular momentum from a circularly polarized laser beam causes the particles to rotate at up to 10 Hz. The pump is shown to be able to displace fluid in microchannels, with flow rates of up to 200 m−3 s−1 (200 fL s−1). In addition a flow sensing method, based upon the technique mentioned above, is incorporated into the system in order to map the magnitude and direction of fluid flow within the channel.

scholarly journals Discerning the role of mechanosensors in regulating proximal tubule function

2016 ◽  
Vol 310 (1) ◽  
pp. F1-F5 ◽  
Author(s):  
Venkatesan Raghavan ◽  
Ora A. Weisz
Keyword(s):  
Shear Stress ◽  
Proximal Tubule ◽  
Primary Cilia ◽  
The Body ◽  
Flow Sensors ◽  
Body Experience ◽  
Flow Sensing ◽  
Axial Shear ◽  
Stretch Activated Channels

All cells in the body experience external mechanical forces such as shear stress and stretch. These forces are sensed by specialized structures in the cell known as mechanosensors. Cells lining the proximal tubule (PT) of the kidney are continuously exposed to variations in flow rates of the glomerular ultrafiltrate, which manifest as changes in axial shear stress and radial stretch. Studies suggest that these cells respond acutely to variations in flow by modulating their ion transport and endocytic functions to maintain glomerulotubular balance. Conceptually, changes in the axial shear stress in the PT could be sensed by three known structures, namely, the microvilli, the glycocalyx, and primary cilia. The orthogonal component of the force produced by flow exhibits as radial stretch and can cause expansion of the tubule. Forces of stretch are transduced by integrins, by stretch-activated channels, and by cell-cell contacts. This review summarizes our current understanding of flow sensing in PT epithelia, discusses challenges in dissecting the role of individual flow sensors in the mechanosensitive responses, and identifies potential areas of opportunity for new study.

scholarly journals The Development of E-Counseling Gestalt Prophetic to Help Students Cope with Academic Procrastination in Indonesian Islamic Higher Education

2020 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
pp. 46-53
Author(s):  
Imas Kania Rahman
Keyword(s):  
Higher Education ◽  
Group Discussion ◽  
Model Development ◽  
Islamic Education ◽  
Guidance And Counseling ◽  
Academic Procrastination ◽  
New Approach ◽  
Model Research ◽  
Preliminary Study ◽  
D Model

The numerous cases of academic procrastination of students in various universities in Indonesia are worrying. In terms of intervention, there is a proven effective approach to improve students’ skill to cope with academic procrastination. It’s called Guidance and Counseling Gestalt Prophetic (G-Pro). Unfortunately, due to a lack of access, G-Pro needs to be developed. This article will present a new approach called E-Counseling Gestalt Prophetic (E-G-Pro). The author used the Borg and Gall model research and development (R & D) model with three research steps: a preliminary study, model development, and model validity.  Focus group discussion (FGD) has been done to assess the properness of the model. Four parties, each from information and technology expert, Qur'anic Interpretation expert, Islamic education and religiosity expert, guidance and counselor expert, and counselee, were invited to the FGD. Based on internal judgement by experts and users, the E-G-Pro is highly feasible to be applied to help students cope with academic procrastination in Indonesian Islamic Higher Education.

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