Design and Fabrication of Test Facility for Longevity Testing of Elastomer Seals

2012 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. Z. Qamar ◽  
T. Pervez ◽  
M. van de Velden ◽  
F. J. Sanchez
Keyword(s):  
High Pressure ◽  
Oil Recovery ◽  
Oil And Gas ◽  
Control Flow ◽  
Test Battery ◽  
Material Behavior ◽  
Test Facility ◽  
Smart Systems ◽  
Zonal Isolation ◽  
Water Swelling

The oil and gas sector has witnessed a marked inclination worldwide towards enhanced oil recovery (EOR) in recent years due to diminishing easy oil in many fields. One of the more popular EOR strategies is the workover method of converting existing weak horizontal producers to maximum reservoir contact (MRC) wells, or dead vertical wells to single horizontal producers or power water injectors. This attempt at maximum well productivity and total oil recovery is based on installation of downhole smart systems to control flow from each lateral. Expandable liners and swelling elastomers are the key drivers enabling this type of zonal isolation. Enhancement and maximization of hydrocarbon recovery is also being attempted through intelligent and multilateral wells. These well systems cannot succeed without proper zonal isolation and compartmentalization of the reservoir. Compared to conventional methods, swelling elastomer packers maintain good zonal isolation in even the most complex environments, yielding major savings in rig time and cost. As yet, no data is available from designers or manufacturers about the durability or service life of swell packers under actual well conditions. A full-scale rig has therefore been designed and fabricated at the Sultan Qaboos University (SQU), in collaboration with a regional petroleum development company, for longevity testing of water-swelling and oil-swelling elastomers. The test battery includes packers made from different swelling elastomer materials, exposed to actual crude oil or water of different salinities, maintained at different temperatures, and subjected to high pressure. Different conceptual designs of the test setup (for longevity testing over a 5 year period) were developed and later evaluated. Detail design of the best concept was carried out and assessed for reliability, manufacturability, assemblability, etc. Salient features of the final design include thermal systems for selected packers, able to continuously maintain temperature over the 5-year period; recirculation system to maintain the desired salinity in some packers; elaborate system for measurement and observation of upstream and downstream temperature and pressure in all tubes; a system for pressurizing the tubes (to 1000 psi) once the elastomers have swelled and sealed. Daily log of readings have been maintained over the last few months. Several months of testing has shown that packers exposed to low salinity and higher temperatures have sealed earlier, and water-swelling elastomers have sealed faster than oil-swelling ones. Three units have not sealed yet, one tube has desealed after initial sealing, one packer has shown seal failure after pressurizing, and two units are exhibiting good sealing under high pressure. Most of these results are in line with material behavior of swelling elastomers observed in earlier laboratory tests. The whole test battery will be monitored over five years, reporting seal temperatures, pressures, seal deterioration or failure, etc. This study can provide direct feedback to field engineers about the lasting capability of different elastomer types under various actual field conditions. This not-as-yet-available information will be valuable in proper selection of swell packers, and may also help in improvement of packer design.

Finite Element Analysis of Casing Material Behavior in Steam Injection Well Operations

2015 ◽  
Vol 799-800 ◽  
pp. 196-200
Author(s):  
Abhilash M. Bharadwaj ◽  
Sonny Irawan ◽  
Saravanan Karuppanan ◽  
Mohamad Zaki bin Abdullah ◽  
Ismail bin Mohd Saaid
Keyword(s):  
Finite Element ◽  
Oil Recovery ◽  
Thermal Stresses ◽  
Oil And Gas ◽  
Extreme Temperature ◽  
Injection Pressure ◽  
Oil And Gas Industry ◽  
Steam Injection ◽  
Material Behavior ◽  
Element Analysis

Casing design is one of the most important parts of the well planning in the oil and gas industry. Various factors affecting the casing material needs to be considered by the drilling engineers. Wells partaking in thermal oil recovery processes undergo extreme temperature variation and this induces high thermal stresses in the casings. Therefore, forecasting the material behavior and checking for failure mechanisms becomes highly important. This paper uses Finite Element Methods to analyze the behavior two of the frequently used materials for casing - J55 and L80 steels. Modeling the casing and application of boundary conditions are performed through Ansys Workbench. Effect of steam injection pressure and temperature on the materials is presented in this work, indicating the possibilities of failure during heating cycle. The change in diameter of the casing body due to axial restriction is also presented. This paper aims to draw special attention towards the casing design in high temperature conditions of the well.

Interfacial Evolution of Cement and Steel in CO2 Dissolved Solution Under High Temperature and High Pressure

2016 ◽  
Vol 35 (8) ◽  
pp. 821-826 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chengqiang Ren ◽  
Ye Peng ◽  
Bing Li ◽  
Shuliang Wang ◽  
Taihe Shi
Keyword(s):  
High Pressure ◽  
High Temperature ◽  
Oil And Gas ◽  
Chemical Change ◽  
Cylindrical Sample ◽  
Gas Well ◽  
Zonal Isolation ◽  
Well Cement ◽  
Interfacial Evolution

AbstractThe experiments were operated for the cylindrical sample (cement/steel) in high temperature and high pressure (HTHP) CO2 environment to simulate surrounding CO2 attack in oil and gas well. The interfacial evolutions between well cement and casing steel were measured, including mechanical property, structure alteration, chemical change and electrochemical character. The interfacial behaviors are attributed to the competition of hydration and degradation of Portland cement. The damage at the interface was faster than the cement bulk deterioration by carbonation. Thus, the interface provided a potential flow leakage pathway for the HTHP gas and fluid in the well, so improving interfacial stability between well cement and casing steel is the key issue to long-term zonal isolation.

scholarly journals Long-Term Integrity Testing of Water-Swelling and Oil-Swelling Packers

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sayyad Zahid Qamar ◽  
Maaz Akhtar ◽  
Tasneem Pervez
Keyword(s):  
Service Life ◽  
Oil Recovery ◽  
Life Assessment ◽  
Vertical Wells ◽  
Sultan Qaboos University ◽  
Zonal Isolation ◽  
Scale Test ◽  
Water Swelling ◽  
Petroleum Development

As easy oil in many fields is dwindling, there is increasing stress worldwide on innovative enhanced oil recovery (EOR) techniques. One forward-looking EOR approach is the workover method. It tries to convert currently weak horizontal wells to maximum reservoir contact (MRC) wells, or abandoned vertical wells to horizontal ones or power water injectors. Where conventional techniques fail, swelling elastomer seals and packers provide effective water shutoff and zonal isolation in even very complex environments, resulting in significant savings in rig time and development cost. One major issue of interest is the service life of elastomer seals and packers. It can be attempted to predict the probable working life based on the theory of accelerated testing. However, this forecast will not be very dependable for swelling elastomers as the material performance is substantially different from other rubber-type polymers. A full-scale test rig (one of its kind in the world) was therefore designed and fabricated at Sultan Qaboos University (SQU), in collaboration with a regional petroleum development company, for long-term service life assessment of actual full-size water-swelling and oil-swelling packers.

Novel Automated Light Foam Cementing Set-Up Brings Operational Efficiency to Major Operator in Norwegian North Sea Sector

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ann-Marie Ekwue ◽  
Antonio Bottiglieri ◽  
Yasser Haddad ◽  
Agnieszka Walania ◽  
Toby Harkless ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Liquid Nitrogen ◽  
Oil And Gas ◽  
Control Flow ◽  
Displacement Efficiency ◽  
Cement Slurry ◽  
Start Up ◽  
Zonal Isolation ◽  
Isolation Requirements ◽  
Critical Components ◽  
Set Up

Abstract As oil and gas operators are constantly looking for ways to increase efficiency in their operations, one area of well construction that is becoming increasingly popular is in the field of foam cementing. Foamed cement slurries are designed to have low density with relatively high compressive strength to enable operators accomplish their zonal isolation requirements. In addition, the enhanced slurry mobility of these energized fluids leads to a high displacement efficiency to ensure uniform cement coverage in the annulus. The use of foamed cement slurries particularly for top-hole sections in deep-water environments has increased over the past decade. For large volume jobs such as these, operators utilize the standard Automated Foam Cement System (AFCS) which comprises of high-pressure nitrogen pumps /converter and portable liquid nitrogen tanks. The AFCS automatically controls nitrogen and cement slurry based on the downhole rate and precisely maintains a desired foam cement density. For smaller volume jobs, the main constraint to deploying the standard AFCS is mainly rig deck space limitations, thus a "light foam package" was developed. The light package, fully developed in Norway, maintains the already well-established characteristics of automation from the standard AFCS; with the added benefit of minimizing footprint on board the rig with equipment which includes foam manifold, gas bottle rack and nitrogen control flow valve vs. the conventional liquid nitrogen tanks, pumps, and back up equipment. Other advantages of this set up include much faster rig up time due to smaller and lighter liftsimproved HSE benefits of eliminating liquid nitrogen handling; as well as limiting number of people required offshorefull job accuracy and automatic control with the utilization of mass flowmeters to measure nitrogen and cement rates with precisionrobust system with 100% redundancy of critical components This publication highlights the job details from a light foam job performed on a 30in conductor in a well on the Norwegian Continental Shelf, with the objective to cement the entire conductor length to seabed. This job was conducted in a field where numerous past cement jobs had failed to bring cement up to seabed and top up jobs with grout were the norm to achieve top of cement. With this simplified foam cementing process, the vision is that this kind of system set-up can make foam cementing a reality even in the most remote of locations and/or locations with small deck space, with reduced start-up costs.

Financial and Economic Support of Innovation Processes in the Russian Fuel and Energy Complex

2019 ◽  
Vol 12 (3) ◽  
pp. 77-85
Author(s):  
L. D. Kapranova ◽  
T. V. Pogodina
Keyword(s):  
Oil Recovery ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Oil And Gas ◽  
New Technologies ◽  
Innovative Development ◽  
Oil Reserves ◽  
Energy Complex ◽  
Innovation Activities ◽  
Substantial Investment ◽  
The Government

The subject of the research is the current state of the fuel and energy complex (FEC) that ensures generation of a significant part of the budget and the innovative development of the economy.The purpose of the research was to establish priority directions for the development of the FEC sectors based on a comprehensive analysis of their innovative and investment activities. The dynamics of investment in the fuel and energy sector are considered. It is noted that large-scale modernization of the fuel and energy complex requires substantial investment and support from the government. The results of the government programs of corporate innovative development are analyzed. The results of the research identified innovative development priorities in the power, oil, gas and coal sectors of the fuel and energy complex. The most promising areas of innovative development in the oil and gas sector are the technologies of enhanced oil recovery; the development of hard-to-recover oil reserves; the production of liquefied natural gas and its transportation. In the power sector, the prospective areas are activities aimed at improving the performance reliability of the national energy systems and the introduction of digital technologies. Based on the research findings, it is concluded that the innovation activities in the fuel and energy complex primarily include the development of new technologies, modernization of the FEC technical base; adoption of state-of-the-art methods of coal mining and oil recovery; creating favorable economic conditions for industrial extraction of hard-to-recover reserves; transition to carbon-free fuel sources and energy carriers that can reduce energy consumption and cost as well as reducing the negative FEC impact on the environment.

ASSESSMENT OF OIL WELL PRODUCTIVITY IN LOW-PERMEABILITY RESERVOIRS IN THE FIELDS OF EASTERN SIBERIA

2017 ◽  
pp. 30-36
Author(s):  
R. V. Urvantsev ◽  
S. E. Cheban
Keyword(s):  
Oil Recovery ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Oil And Gas ◽  
Oil Extraction ◽  
Low Permeability ◽  
Oil Well ◽  
Eastern Siberia ◽  
Development Costs ◽  
Traditional Fields ◽  
Low Permeability Reservoirs

The 21st century witnessed the development of the oil extraction industry in Russia due to the intensifica- tion of its production at the existing traditional fields of Western Siberia, the Volga region and other oil-extracting regions, and due discovering new oil and gas provinces. At that time the path to the development of fields in Eastern Siberia was already paved. The large-scale discoveries of a number of fields made here in the 70s-80s of the 20th century are only being developed now. The process of development itself is rather slow in view of a number of reasons. Create a problem of high cost value of oil extraction in the region. One of the major tasks is obtaining the maximum oil recovery factor while reducing the development costs. The carbonate layer lying within the Katangsky suite is low-permeability, and its inventories are categorised as hard to recover. Now, the object is at a stage of trial development,which foregrounds researches on selecting the effective methods of oil extraction.

scholarly journals New Glycerol Upgrading Processes

Catalysts ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 103
Author(s):  
Miguel Ladero
Keyword(s):  
Renewable Energy ◽  
Enhanced Oil Recovery ◽  
Oil Recovery ◽  
Oil And Gas ◽  
The Other ◽  
Energy Policies ◽  
Gas Recovery ◽  
The Us ◽  
The Eu

Energy policies in the US and in the EU during the last decades have been focused on enhanced oil and gas recovery, including the so-called tertiary extraction or enhanced oil recovery (EOR), on one hand, and the development and implementation of renewable energy vectors, on the other, including biofuels as bioethanol (mainly in US and Brazil) and biodiesel (mainly in the EU) [...]

Carbonated Water Injection for Recovery of Oil and Wettability Analysis

2014 ◽  
Vol 695 ◽  
pp. 499-502 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mohamad Faizul Mat Ali ◽  
Radzuan Junin ◽  
Nor Hidayah Md Aziz ◽  
Adibah Salleh
Keyword(s):  
Oil Recovery ◽  
Oil And Gas ◽  
Promising Result ◽  
Water Injection ◽  
High Mobility ◽  
Wettability Alteration ◽  
Sweep Efficiency ◽  
Gas Flooding ◽  
Carbonated Water Injection ◽  
Carbonated Water

Malaysia oilfield especially in Malay basin has currently show sign of maturity phase which involving high water-cut and also pressure declining. In recent event, Malaysia through Petroliam Nasional Berhad (PETRONAS) will be first implemented an enhanced oil recovery (EOR) project at the Tapis oilfield and is scheduled to start operations in 2014. In this project, techniques utilizing water-alternating-gas (WAG) injection which is a type of gas flooding method in EOR are expected to improve oil recovery to the field. However, application of gas flooding in EOR process has a few flaws which including poor sweep efficiency due to high mobility ratio of oil and gas that promotes an early breakthrough. Therefore, a concept of carbonated water injection (CWI) in which utilizing CO2, has ability to dissolve in water prior to injection was applied. This study is carried out to assess the suitability of CWI to be implemented in improving oil recovery in simulated sandstone reservoir. A series of displacement test to investigate the range of recovery improvement at different CO2 concentrations was carried out with different recovery mode stages. Wettability alteration properties of CWI also become one of the focuses of the study. The outcome of this study has shown a promising result in recovered residual oil by alternating the wettability characteristic of porous media becomes more water-wet.

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