The Recreation and Evaluation of a Human Hand Using Low-Cost Reverse Engineering and 3D Printing Systems

2016 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. Jacobsen ◽  
E. Ashe ◽  
R. Noorani
Keyword(s):  
Reverse Engineering ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Human Hand ◽  
Dimensional Model ◽  
Three Dimensional Model ◽  
3D Scanner ◽  
Joint System ◽  
The Third ◽  
Motion System

The primary goal of this research was to evaluate the effectiveness of a low-cost reverse engineering system to recreate a physical, three-dimensional model of a human hand. In order to achieve the goal of this research, three key objectives were fulfilled: (1) the first objective was to recreate the physical model of the human hand using a low-cost experimental setup (<$5000), (2) the second objective was to assess the ability of the reverse engineered hand to perform common tasks of everyday life, and (3) the third objective was to investigate the potential biomedical applications of the reverse engineered human hand. A chosen test subject had his or her hand molded and cast into a plaster three-dimensional model that could be held steady and scanned very precisely by a NextEngine Desktop 3D Scanner. Other methods could have been employed to achieve the scanned model, but given the experimental setup and timeline a casted model was assumed to be the most appropriate method to achieve the best results. The plaster casting of the subject’s hand was scanned several times using different orientations of the model relative to the stationary 3D scanner. From these scans, a computer CAD model of the human hand was generated, modified, and 3D printed using a Makerbot Replicator 2. The printed model was evaluated by its ability to perform common every-day tasks such as picking up a cup/bottle, holding a pen/pencil, or opening/closing around an object. Several iterations of the printed human hand were evaluated in order to determine the best design for the fingers’ joints and cable-driven motion system. The first iteration of the printed hand featured a snap-in joint system. This joint design suffered from requiring a large number of individual pieces and poor tolerances of the Makerbot printer. The second iteration featured a press fit style joint system. This system was hindered by tolerances similar to the first iteration as well as plastic deformation of the printed material due to inadequate elasticity. The third and final iteration of the joint system featured a single printed assembly for which the entire prosthetic could be printed at one time. It was expected that the hand would be able to translate the rotational movement of an individual’s wrist to tension the cables of the motion system thereby closing the fingers into a first. This movement will allow the user to close the prosthetic hand around everyday objects and pick them up with relative ease. Although the possibilities of reverse engineering and 3D printing systems have greatly expanded as a result of greater affordability and increased accuracy, their applications in the biomedical field have yet to be fully explored.

Problems Associated with the Use of Skirts on Hovercraft

1967 ◽  
Vol 182 (1) ◽  
pp. 201-218
Author(s):  
W. A. Crago
Keyword(s):  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Model Tests ◽  
Dimensional Model ◽  
Three Dimensional Model ◽  
Operational Conditions ◽  
The Third ◽  
Rough Water ◽  
Delamination Life ◽  
First Time

The lecture commences with a brief description of early hovercraft work and shows how the advent of flexible extensions to the peripheral jets—or ‘skirts’—constituted a breakthrough without which the hovercraft would never have become a practical proposition with the ability to operate over waves and rough ground. It is shown that the introduction of skirts, whilst providing a solution in one respect, also led to a series of problems and three of these are singled out for further discussion. First it is shown that whilst a relatively high internal skirt pressure is desirable to maintain skirt shape under operational conditions, this pressure can also lead to a high rough water drag. The second problem is that of ‘plough in’ and overturning, which is intimately associated with the use of skins. The hydrodynamic mechanisms of both these undesirable phenomena are for the first time explained in detail and are illustrated by means of data obtained from two- and three-dimensional model tests. The third problem raised by the introduction of skirts is skirt oscillation and wear. The techniques necessary to investigate delamination are described and some of the factors which have been shown to be important in increasing delamination life are outlined.

Design of Bilateral Automatic Window Cleaning Device Based on Solid Edge

2014 ◽  
Vol 662 ◽  
pp. 183-186
Author(s):  
Guo Lei Xu ◽  
Tao Wu
Keyword(s):  
Simple Structure ◽  
High Efficiency ◽  
Simulation Analysis ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Dimensional Model ◽  
Three Dimensional Model ◽  
Model And Simulation ◽  
Cleaning Device ◽  
Solid Edge

This paper introduces an easy-sided automatic window cleaning device, which uses Solid Edge software to design three-dimensional model and simulation analysis of the structure. Contrasted with the function of existing products, this design has such advantages as simple structure, low cost, high efficiency, good effects and so on.

scholarly journals Muscling in on the third dimension

eLife ◽  
2015 ◽  
Vol 4 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mohsen Afshar Bakooshli ◽  
Penney M Gilbert
Keyword(s):  
Skeletal Muscle ◽  
Muscle Tissue ◽  
Human Skeletal Muscle ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Dimensional Model ◽  
Three Dimensional Model ◽  
Muscle Disorders ◽  
The Third ◽  
Third Dimension ◽  
Skeletal Muscle Disorders

The development of a functional three-dimensional model of human skeletal muscle tissue could accelerate progress towards new and personalized treatments for skeletal muscle disorders.

Modeling Design and Rapid Prototyping Manufacture of Cream Bottle Based on Handheld Laser Scanning

2015 ◽  
Vol 752-753 ◽  
pp. 1301-1306 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xing Xing Wang ◽  
Jin Dong Wei ◽  
Yi Pei ◽  
Yu Zhu ◽  
Hong Jun Ni
Keyword(s):  
Rapid Prototyping ◽  
Reverse Engineering ◽  
Laser Scanning ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Laser Scanner ◽  
Dimensional Model ◽  
Three Dimensional Model ◽  
Engineering Technology ◽  
Cloud Data ◽  
Improve Efficiency

Reverse Engineering (RE) and Rapid Prototyping (RP) were used for manufacturing cream bottle. Points cloud data of cream bottle was accessed by handheld laser scanner firstly. Then, points cloud data was handed by Imageware software and the three-dimensional model was formed by Solidworks software. Finally, the entity model was manufacturing by RP machine. In the research, rapid prototyping was combined with reverse engineering technology, manufacturing cycle was shorten, production requirements, improve efficiency and other advantages were met.

Reverse Engineering Applied to the Teaching of Computer Aided Manufacturing

2017 ◽  
Vol 903 ◽  
pp. 120-127 ◽  
Author(s):  
Elena María Beamud González ◽  
Pedro Jose Núñez López ◽  
Eustaquio García Plaza ◽  
David Rodríguez Salgado ◽  
Alfonso González González ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Reverse Engineering ◽  
Computer Aided Design ◽  
Measurement Techniques ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Training Programme ◽  
Dimensional Model ◽  
Cnc Machine ◽  
Three Dimensional Model ◽  
Computer Aided Manufacturing ◽  
Computer Aided

One of the main shortcomings of individualized training in the use of computer aided design (CAD), and computer aided manufacturing (CAM) tools is that students lack a sound and broad understanding of the type of tools, and their specific and integrated applications in industrial manufacturing. This study aimed to design an integrated curricular training programme in computer aided tools for the design and manufacture of mechanical components based on reverse engineering techniques. By using real products that students can see and touch, a scanned copy is obtained for subsequent reconstruction into a virtual three-dimensional model using the software for optimizing the point cloud, meshing, and creating both the surface and solid. Once the virtual three-dimensional model has been obtained, it is exported to a solid modelling CAD (3D-CAD) software for modification according to the geometrical requirements. The next step is for students to manufacture a component using rapid prototyping techniques, which allow them to visualize, analyse, and inspect a component to optimize its design. The use of computer aided manufacturing software enables students to design and plan machining operations virtually to obtain a computer numeric control (CNC) program for the manufacture of a component with a CNC machine tool. Finally, students perform a quality control of the component by employing a range of measurement techniques. This training program is integrated into the subjects of the mechanical engineering degree, where students can work with these tools in line with an intergraded curriculum.

scholarly journals Design of a three-dimensional hand/forearm model to apply computational fluid dynamics

2010 ◽  
Vol 53 (2) ◽  
pp. 436-442 ◽  
Author(s):  
Daniel Almeida Marinho ◽  
Victor Machado Reis ◽  
João Paulo Vilas-Boas ◽  
Francisco Bessone Alves ◽  
Leandro Machado ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fluid Dynamics ◽  
Computational Fluid Dynamics ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Digital Model ◽  
Human Hand ◽  
Dimensional Model ◽  
Three Dimensional Model ◽  
Perfect Agreement ◽  
Computational Data ◽  
Processing Techniques

The purpose of this study was to develop a three-dimensional digital model of a human hand and forearm to apply Computational Fluid Dynamics to propulsion analysis in swimming. Computer tomography scans of the hand and forearm of an Olympic swimmer were applied. The data were converted, using image processing techniques, into relevant coordinate input, which could be used in Computational Fluid Dynamics software. From that analysis, it was possible to verify an almost perfect agreement between the true human segment and the digital model. This technique could be used as a means to overcome the difficulties in developing a true three-dimensional model of a specific segment of the human body. Additionally, it could be used to improve the use of Computational Fluid Dynamics generally in sports and specifically in swimming studies, decreasing the gap between the experimental and the computational data.

Optical 3D Scanning of Small Parts

2012 ◽  
Vol 468-471 ◽  
pp. 2269-2273 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ladislav Morovič ◽  
Peter Pokorný
Keyword(s):  
Main Part ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
3D Scanning ◽  
General Concept ◽  
End Mill ◽  
Dimensional Model ◽  
Three Dimensional Model ◽  
3D Scanner ◽  
Small Parts ◽  
3D Digitizing

The paper deals with the investigation of 3D digitizing of small parts specifically by optical 3D scanner GOM ATOS TripleScan. The paper shortly illustrates the general concept of Reverse Engineering, which includes also the 3D scanning. The paper also describes the optical 3D scanner GOM ATOS TripleScan and a three-dimensional model obtaining procedure by means of this scanner. In the main part of the paper the concrete 3D scanning process of chosen individual objects is described (clips, ball nose end mill, screw drill, coin). Their shape and size were specific and distinct, therefore it was possible to test and compare particular digitizing attributes. The problems that occurred during 3D digitizing of individual parts are step by step discussed and solved.

scholarly journals Designing a biocompatible ear implant of a man with help of modern information technologies

2018 ◽  
pp. 184-193
Author(s):  
Olena Savielieva ◽  
Leonid Orel ◽  
Andrey Pavlyshko ◽  
Veronika Rutska
Keyword(s):  
Information Technologies ◽  
3D Model ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Dimensional Model ◽  
Three Dimensional Model ◽  
3D Scanner ◽  
Correct Form ◽  
Quality Of Medical Care ◽  
Human Ear

The article is devoted to designing a biocompatible human ear implant with the further possibility of its bioprinting. The paper considers 3D technologies used in medicine, the latest trends in the development of 3D bioprinters. The methods of modeling the human ear using the Artec Spider 3D scanner and the patient's digital image are considered. Using these methods, 3D modeling in the software package Autodesk 3ds Max and a solid 3D model of the human ear. 3D-bioprinting is an offensive step for the 3D-friend, which is widely to be visualized in medical. Through the rapid creation of high-precision products, taking into account the specifics of anatomy and pathology of the patient - improve the efficiency and quality of medical care. It will save a lot of lives and, possibly, in time, will improve the organs themselves. Getting a good three-dimensional model plays a big role in the correct form of the printed ears of the patient.

scholarly journals A Survey of Stakeholder Visualization Approaches

2016 ◽  
Vol 2 (1,2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Martin Cenek ◽  
Ondřej Částek
Keyword(s):  
Three Dimensional ◽  
The Other ◽  
Dimensional Model ◽  
Three Dimensional Model ◽  
Advantages And Disadvantages ◽  
The Third ◽  
Model Based ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Over Time

The aim of this paper is to present an overview of studies for the representation/visualization of stakeholders with a proposal of our own method of visualization. The following text examines the existing representational methods and at the same time critically evaluates their advantages and disadvantages. In addition, our own proposed approach is also presented.The need to develop visualization methods for use in the concept of stakeholders has been accepted by researchers, and it is possible to encounter number of various alternatives which have been applied more or less successfully. The shared weakness of the majority of the models is that they only represent two main attributes simultaneously. When such models do contain three variables, then the third one is only a complementary aspect of the relationship compared to the two dominant attributes.Our proposed visualisation model based on three Mitchell´s (1997) stakeholder attributes should overcome the before mentioned disadvantage. Also, it takes into account the development over time in accordance with the dynamic of the relationships with the stakeholders. Therefore, the proposed three-dimensional model meets these needs and simultaneously removes the shortcomings of the other models, which are identified in our overview presented in this paper.

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