Effect of Raster Orientation on Fracture Toughness Properties of 3D Printed ABS Materials and Structures

2016 ◽  
Author(s):  
Amit Khatri ◽  
Ashfaq Adnan
Keyword(s):  
Fracture Toughness ◽  
Process Parameters ◽  
Experimental Studies ◽  
Processing Parameters ◽  
Deposition Method ◽  
Layer Height ◽  
Fused Deposition ◽  
3D Printed ◽  
Cracked Structures ◽  
Cracked Specimens

Additive manufacturing is a rapidly growing cutting edge technology. Number of experimental studies have shown that strength of product manufactured by additive Fused Deposition Method (FDM) is influenced by different processing parameters involved during manufacturing. This research paper presents experimental and theoretical investigation of fracture toughness of ABS material fabricated with variation in some of process parameters such as Axis Orientations, Raster Orientation, Infill Percentage, Layer Height and Number of Shells. Experiment was designed to manufacture number of cracked specimens with variation in process parameters, measure their tensile strengths for fracture toughness and compare stress intensity factor (SIF) for all of the specimens. This study helps to understand, how different raster orientations affect the fracture toughness of 3D printed structures and also tells us under which process parameters additive manufactured cracked structures provide better strength.

scholarly journals Dimensional Stability of 3D Printed Parts: Effects of Process Parameters

2019 ◽  
Vol 119 (2) ◽  
pp. 9 ◽  
Author(s):  
Elizabeth Azhikannickal ◽  
Aaron Uhrin
Keyword(s):  
3D Printing ◽  
Process Parameters ◽  
Dimensional Stability ◽  
Computer Aided Design ◽  
3D Model ◽  
Dimensional Error ◽  
Layer Height ◽  
Fused Deposition ◽  
3D Printed ◽  
Rms Error

The three-dimensional (3D) printing manufacturing process begins with the creation of a 3D model—using computer aided design (CAD) software—of the part to be printed. Using a type of 3D printing known as fused deposition modeling (FDM®), the 3D printer extrudes molten plastic to scan lines to create individual layers (i.e., the infill): one on top of the other. (Note that "scan" in this context refers to the movement of the extruder head, along an x,y coordinate path, while depositing molten plastic.) This process is repeated until the overall geometry, specified by the 3D model, is built. This process is attractive for producing proof of concept or prototype parts in various fields including automotive, aerospace, and medical. However, FDM subjects the material to rapid heating and cooling; therefore, some degree of undesirable warpage of the part occurs post fabrication. The primary objective of this study was to determine the effect of 4 process parameters (i.e., infill shape, infill density, number of perimeters created per layer, and layer height) on the total dimensional error of a representative 3D-printed part. This part (the "simple part"), used in Trials 1 through 3 of this study, was a square acrylonitrile butadiene styrene (ABS) plate having a nominal measurement of 50 mm × 50 mm × 5 mm thick. A residual error (the difference between the measured post-printing dimension and the theoretical CAD file dimension) was calculated along each given direction and for each test print. Finally, a root mean square (RMS) error (i.e., the square root of the average of the squared residual errors along the length, width, and thickness directions) was calculated for each printed part. Three repeat test prints were carried out for each parameter. The number of perimeters played a key role in the dimensional stability of the part. As the number of perimeters increased up to 5, the RMS error decreased. Beyond 5 perimeters, however, the RMS error increased due to excessive warpage/curvature at the corners of the part. Ultimately, when examined individually, a grid infill shape at 100% density, a 0.4 mm layer height, and 5 perimeters each produced the lowest warpage. In combination, these same 4 parameters also produced the lowest RMS error (based on dimensional analysis of 3 test prints) when used to print a more complicated part (the "stacked part") in Trial 4.

scholarly journals Fused Deposition Modelling of Fibre Reinforced Polymer Composites: A Parametric Review

2021 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
pp. 29
Author(s):  
Narongkorn Krajangsawasdi ◽  
Lourens G. Blok ◽  
Ian Hamerton ◽  
Marco L. Longana ◽  
Benjamin K. S. Woods ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Process Parameters ◽  
Mechanical Performance ◽  
Fibre Length ◽  
Processing Parameters ◽  
Thermoplastic Composite ◽  
Fused Deposition Modelling ◽  
Layer By Layer ◽  
Fused Deposition ◽  
Fibre Reinforced Polymer ◽  
Printing Parameters

Fused deposition modelling (FDM) is a widely used additive layer manufacturing process that deposits thermoplastic material layer-by-layer to produce complex geometries within a short time. Increasingly, fibres are being used to reinforce thermoplastic filaments to improve mechanical performance. This paper reviews the available literature on fibre reinforced FDM to investigate how the mechanical, physical, and thermal properties of 3D-printed fibre reinforced thermoplastic composite materials are affected by printing parameters (e.g., printing speed, temperature, building principle, etc.) and constitutive materials properties, i.e., polymeric matrices, reinforcements, and additional materials. In particular, the reinforcement fibres are categorized in this review considering the different available types (e.g., carbon, glass, aramid, and natural), and obtainable architectures divided accordingly to the fibre length (nano, short, and continuous). The review attempts to distil the optimum processing parameters that could be deduced from across different studies by presenting graphically the relationship between process parameters and properties. This publication benefits the material developer who is investigating the process parameters to optimize the printing parameters of novel materials or looking for a good constituent combination to produce composite FDM filaments, thus helping to reduce material wastage and experimental time.

Investigations of process parameters during dissolution studies of drug loaded 3D printed tablets

2021 ◽  
pp. 095441192199358
Author(s):  
Varun Sharma ◽  
Khaja Moinuddin Shaik ◽  
Archita Choudhury ◽  
Pramod Kumar ◽  
Prateek Kala ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Dissolution Rate ◽  
Process Parameters ◽  
Empirical Relation ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Critical Parameters ◽  
Fused Deposition Modelling ◽  
Fused Deposition ◽  
Rate Of Dissolution ◽  
3D Printed ◽  
Percentage Release

The present research paper attempts to study the effect of different process parameters on the dissolution rate during 3D printed tablets. Three-dimensional printing has the potential of serving tailored made tablets to cater personalized drug delivery systems. Fluorescein loaded PVA filaments through impregnation route was used to fabricate tablets based on Taguchi based design of experimentation using Fused Deposition Modelling (FDM). The effect of print speed, infill percentage and layer thickness were analyzed to study the effect on rate of dissolution. Infill percentage followed by print speed were found to be critical parameters affecting dissolution rate. The data analysis provided an insight into the study of interaction among different 3D printing parameters to develop an empirical relation for percentage release of the drug in human body.

scholarly journals 3D Printing of Polymer Waste for Improving People’s Awareness about Marine Litter

Polymers ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (8) ◽  
pp. 1738
Author(s):  
Francesca Ferrari ◽  
Carola Esposito Corcione ◽  
Francesco Montagna ◽  
Alfonso Maffezzoli
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Response ◽  
Tensile Tests ◽  
Processing Parameters ◽  
Fused Deposition Modelling ◽  
Polymer Waste ◽  
Marine Litter ◽  
Fused Deposition ◽  
Degradation Temperature ◽  
3D Printed ◽  
The Difference

This work is aimed at proposing demonstrative actions devoted to show reprocessing and recyclability of PET originating from bottles collected from the seaside, in order to increase the consumer awareness on the importance of recycling plastics. To this purpose, collected bottles were washed, cut, grinded, extruded in the form of a thin wire adopting different cooling rates, which leads to a modulation of the crystallinity content. Once having optimized the processing parameters, the extruded wire was used to produce 3D printed samples through the fused deposition modelling (FDM). The changes in the crystalline structure due to the different processing conditions were assessed by DSC and XRD analyses, while rheological tests were performed in order to evaluate any modification in the viscosity of PET after repeated processing cycles. The reduction in thermal stability was confirmed by TGA analysis, which showed a progressive decrease in the degradation temperature as processing cycles increased. Finally, tensile tests highlighted the difference in the mechanical response due to the predominance of the crystalline or amorphous phase in the tested sample. In particular, a good mechanical behavior was found for the 3D-printed samples.

scholarly journals Post-Processing of FDM 3D-Printed Polylactic Acid Parts by Laser Beam Cutting

Polymers ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (3) ◽  
pp. 550 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mahmoud Moradi ◽  
Mojtaba Karami Moghadam ◽  
Mahmoud Shamsborhan ◽  
Mahdi Bodaghi ◽  
Hamid Falavandi
Keyword(s):  
Process Parameters ◽  
Focal Plane ◽  
Laser Cutting ◽  
Cutting Speed ◽  
Cutting Process ◽  
Poly Lactic Acid ◽  
Regression Equations ◽  
Post Processing ◽  
Fused Deposition ◽  
3D Printed

In this paper, the post-processing of 3D-printed poly lactic acid (PLA) parts is investigated. Workpieces are manufactured by fused deposition modeling (FDM) 3D printing, while they may have defects in some areas such as edges. A post-processing is introduced here for 3D-printed samples by low power CO2 laser. The thickness of the FDM samples are 3.2 mm and printed by optimum conditions. Effects of process parameters such as focal plane position (−3.2–3.2 mm), laser power (20–40 W), and laser cutting speed (1–13 mm/s) are examined based on the design of experiments (DOE). Geometrical features of the kerf; top and bottom kerf; taper; ratio of top to the bottom kerf are considered as output responses. An analysis of the experimental results by statistical software is conducted to survey the effects of process parameters and to obtain regression equations. By optimizing of the laser cutting process; an appropriate kerf quality is obtained and also optimum input parameters are suggested. Experimental verification tests show a good agreement between empirical results and statistical predictions. The best optimum sample with 1.19 mm/s cutting speed, 36.49 W power and 0.53 mm focal plane position shows excellent physical features after the laser cutting process when 276.9 μm top and 261.5 μm bottom kerf width is cut by laser.

Parameters Optimization of FDM for the Quality of Prototypes Using an Integrated MCDM Approach

2019 ◽  
pp. 199-220
Author(s):  
Jagadish ◽  
Sumit Bhowmik
Keyword(s):  
Process Parameters ◽  
Shell Thickness ◽  
Fused Deposition Modeling ◽  
Dimensional Accuracy ◽  
Parameters Optimization ◽  
Layer Height ◽  
Fused Deposition ◽  
Optimal Setting ◽  
Deposition Modeling

Fused deposition modeling (FDM) is one of the emerging rapid prototyping (RP) processes in additive manufacturing. FDM fabricates the quality prototype directly from the CAD data and is dependent on the various process parameters, hence optimization is essential. In the present chapter, process parameters of FDM process are analyzed using an integrated MCDM approach. The integrated MCDM approach consists of modified fuzzy with ANP methods. Experimentation is performed considering three process parameters, namely layer height, shell thickness, and fill density, and corresponding response parameters, namely ultimate tensile strength, dimensional accuracy, and manufacturing time are determined. Thereafter, optimization of FDM process parameters is done using proposed method. The result shows that exp.no-4 yields the optimal process parameters for FDM and provides optimal parameters as layer height of 0.08 mm, shell thickness of 2.0 mm and fill density of 100%. Also, optimal setting provides higher ultimate TS, good DA, and lesser MT as well as improving the performance and efficiency of FDM.

Evaluation of Fused Deposition Modeling Process Parameters Influence on 3D Printed Components by High Precision Metrology

2021 ◽  
pp. 281-295
Author(s):  
Alexandru D. Sterca ◽  
Roxana-Anamaria Calin ◽  
Lucian Cristian ◽  
Eva Maria Walcher ◽  
Osman Bodur ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
High Precision ◽  
Process Parameters ◽  
Fused Deposition Modeling ◽  
Fused Deposition ◽  
Modeling Process ◽  
Deposition Modeling ◽  
3D Printed ◽  
Precision Metrology
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