Total Temperature Measurement of Gas at Microtube Outlet

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Takeya Sakashita ◽  
Chungpyo Hong ◽  
Yutaka Asako
Keyword(s):  
Glass Fiber ◽  
Temperature Measurement ◽  
Outer Diameter ◽  
Temperature Measuring ◽  
Measuring Devices ◽  
Polystyrene Tube ◽  
Measuring Tube ◽  
Total Temperature ◽  
Inner Diameter ◽  
Thomson Coefficient

This paper describes experimental results on the total temperature measurement of gas at the microtube exit. In order to measure the total temperature at the microtube outlet, two total temperature measuring devices with different structures were fabricated. One is six plastic baffle plates embedded inside with a thermally insulated exterior foamed polystyrene tube. The other is two glass fiber thimbles embedded inside it. The gas velocity was reduced by the plastic plates and the glass fiber thimbles, and the kinetic energy was converted into thermal energy. The fundamental premise of the total temperature measurement is the Joule Thomson effect present in real gases, which for a positive of the Joule Thomson coefficient involves the decrease in temperature when the gas experiences isenthalpic expansion. A PEEK microtube whose nominal inner diameter and outer diameter were 500 μmm and 1.6 mm, was used for assessing exact measurement of total temperature in the temperature measuring tube, since the thermal conductivity of the PEEK tube is very low. The measured total temperatures were compared with those obtained theoretically with the Joule Thomson coefficient and given thermodynamics properties.

Total Temperature Measurement of Micro Gas Jet

2014 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Yamada ◽  
C. Hong ◽  
Y. Asako
Keyword(s):  
Kinetic Energy ◽  
Thermal Energy ◽  
Gas Jet ◽  
Tube Length ◽  
Gas Temperature ◽  
Gas Velocity ◽  
Flow Rates ◽  
Polystyrene Tube ◽  
Total Temperature ◽  
Inner Diameter

Total temperature of the nitrogen micro-gas jet from a micro-tube outlet was measured for various flow rates. A thermally insulated tube of foamed polystyrene with six baffles where the gas velocity reduces and the kinetic energy is converted into the thermal energy, was attached to the outlet of the micro-tube. The gas temperature was measured by thermocouples at locations of baffles. The inner diameter of a micro-tube used is 519μm and the tube length is 56.3 mm. The inner diameter of the polystyrene tube is 22 mm. The baffles are equally spaced and the interval of the baffles tested are 5, 10, 20 and 30 mm to investigate the effect of the interval of the baffle on the reduction of the gas velocity. Measured total temperatures are compared with the theoretically obtained total temperatures for a perfect adiabatic micro-tube. The measured total temperatures are slightly higher than the theoretically obtained total temperatures.

scholarly journals STUDI RENCANA ALAT PENGUKUR PANAS PADA MUAI LOGAM

2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (2) ◽  
pp. 1123
Author(s):  
Ulul Ilmi
Keyword(s):  
Temperature Measurement ◽  
Measurement Tool ◽  
Test Results ◽  
Research Activity ◽  
Measuring Device ◽  
Temperature Measuring ◽  
Measuring Devices ◽  
Lcd Display

Measurement is the process of comparing measuring devices against measured objects. For measurement of magnitude, a measurement tool is needed. In this research activity, the object to be measured is the temperature at the metal expansion. To realize this goal, it is necessary to study the temperature measuring device on the metal expansion. The sensor used for temperature measuring devices is LM35 which is equipped by Arduino and LCD. Based on the test results obtained voltage values measured by a multimeter with an LCD display close to 100 percent or about 99.99 percent. With these results, it can be concluded that the temperature measurement meter is in accordance with the expected research objectives.

scholarly journals Analysis and research of methods of linearization of the transfer function of precision semiconductor temperature sensors

2020 ◽  
Vol 21 (4) ◽  
pp. 737-742
Author(s):  
O. V. Boyko ◽  
Z. Y. Hotra
Keyword(s):  
Measurement Error ◽  
Transfer Function ◽  
Temperature Measurement ◽  
Conversion Factor ◽  
Temperature Sensors ◽  
Nonlinearity Error ◽  
Temperature Measuring ◽  
Quadratic Component ◽  
Measuring Devices ◽  
Precision Temperature

The analysis of the nonlinearity of the transfer function of primary temperature transducers based on transistor structures has been performed. It’s shown that the quadratic component of the transfer function creates a significant nonlinearity error up to 0,2-0,6°C. We have developed methods of linearization based on both the formation of compensatory measuring current and change of the conversion factor of the output scaling amplifier at certain ranges of temperature measurement, which ensure their use in precision temperature measuring devices. The measurement error does not exceed 0.01°C in the range of 30-100°C.

scholarly journals An Evaluation of Body Temperature Measurement

1983 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 31-39 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. H. Ilsley ◽  
A. J. Rutten ◽  
W. B. Runciman
Keyword(s):  
Body Temperature ◽  
Temperature Measurement ◽  
Reference Value ◽  
Temperature Measurements ◽  
Axillary Temperature ◽  
Measuring Device ◽  
Temperature Measuring ◽  
Measuring Devices ◽  
Bladder Temperature ◽  
Body Temperature Measurement

The accuracy of routine body temperature measurements, the suitability of various sites for such measurements, and the performance and practicality of various temperature measuring devices were studied. Oral and axillary temperature measurements made by the nursing staff were within 1°C of a reference value (within 0.5 °C in 67%). Both sites were suitable for routine ward temperature measurement. Mercury-in-glass thermometers are recommended for routine ward use. Electronic and disposable chemical thermometers cost more but the latter are suitable in uncooperative patients and children. Forehead skin temperature measurements using liquid crystal plastic discs were unreliable. Pulmonary artery and rectal temperature measurements were satisfactory in operating theatre and intensive care unit; however, electronic thermometers should be subjected to routine checks. The bladder temperature measuring device proved unsuitable for clinical use. When oesophagus, nasopharynx and tympanum sites are used careful placement is necessary to minimise trauma and obtain reliable measurements.

scholarly journals Morphological Changes in Lamellar Macular Holes According to SD-OCT Examination over a Long Observation Period

Diagnostics ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (7) ◽  
pp. 1145
Author(s):  
Magdalena Kal ◽  
Izabela Chojnowska-Ćwiąkała ◽  
Mateusz Winiarczyk ◽  
Monika Jasielska ◽  
Jerzy Mackiewicz
Keyword(s):  
Retinal Thickness ◽  
Morphological Changes ◽  
Outer Diameter ◽  
Corrected Visual Acuity ◽  
Macular Holes ◽  
Kolmogorov Smirnov ◽  
Inner Diameter ◽  
Observation Period ◽  
Sd Oct

Background: The aim of this study was to evaluate the quantitative morphological changes in lamellar macular holes (LMHs) based on SD-OCT examinations and to assess the correlations among minimal retinal thickness (MRT), reading vision (RV), and best corrected visual acuity (BCVA) over a 36-month follow-up period. Methods: A group of 40 patients (44 eyes) with LMH was evaluated, with an average age of 69.87 (SD = 10.14). The quantitative parameters monitored in the follow-up period (at 0, 3, 6, 12, 18, 24, 30, and 36 months) were tested for normality of distribution by Shapiro–Wilk and Kolmogorov–Smirnov tests. Results: The RV and BCVA values were stable, and no significant changes were found at any of the check-ups during the 36-month follow-up period (BCVA p = 0.435 and RV p = 0.0999). The analysis of individual quantitative LMH parameters during the 36-month follow-up period did not demonstrate statistically significant differences: MRT (p = 0.461), Max RT temporal (p = 0.051), Max RT nasal (p = 0.364), inner diameter (ID) (p = 0.089), and outer diameter (OD) (p = 0.985). Conclusions: The observations at 0, 6, 12, 18, 24, 30, and 36 months revealed moderate and significant correlations between RV and MRT. No significant correlation between BCVA and MRT was observed.

Influence of fully submerged permanent magnets in the evaluation of heat transfer and performance analysis of single slope glass solar still

2021 ◽  
pp. 095765092110310
Author(s):  
Ajay Kumar Kaviti ◽  
Akkala Siva Ram ◽  
Amit Kumar Thakur
Keyword(s):  
Heat Transfer ◽  
Permanent Magnets ◽  
Outer Diameter ◽  
Solar Still ◽  
Transfer Coefficients ◽  
Heat Transfer Coefficients ◽  
Inner Diameter ◽  
Evaporative Heat Transfer ◽  
And Performance ◽  
Depth Water

In this experimental study, permanent magnets with three different sizes (M-1: 32 mm inner diameter, 70 mm outer diameter and 15 mm thick, M-2: 25 mm inner diameter, 60 mm outer diameter and 10 mm thick, M-3: 22 mm inner diameter, 45 mm outer diameter and 9 mm thick) are fully submerged in the single-slope glass solar still. The performance of magnetic solar stills (MSS) with three different sizes at 2 cm depth water to ensure that magnets are fully submerged is compared with conventional solar still (CSS) at the location 17.3850°N, 78.4867°E. Tiwari model is adapted to calculate the heat transfer coefficients (HTC), internal and exergy efficiencies. MSS with M-1, M-2 and M-3 significantly enhanced the convective, radiative, and evaporative heat transfer rate for the 2 cm depth of water. This is due to the desired magnetic treatment of water, which reduces the surface tension and increases the hydrogen bonds. The MSS's total internal HTC, instantaneous efficiencies led CSS by 25.52%, 28.8%, respectively, with M-1. Having various magnetic fields due to different magnets sizes increases MSS's exergetic efficiency by 33.61% with M-1, 33.76% with M-2, and 42.25% with M-3. Cumulative yield output for MSS with M-1, M-2, and M-3 is 21.66%, 17.64%, 15.78% higher than CSS. The use of permanent magnets of different sizes in the MSS is a viable, economical and straight forward technique to enhance productivity.

Self-Organized, Tubular Hybrid Vascular Tissue Composed of Vascular Cells and Collagen for Low-Pressure-Loaded Venous System

1995 ◽  
Vol 4 (6) ◽  
pp. 597-608 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jiro Hirai ◽  
Takehisa Matsuda
Keyword(s):  
Vascular Tissue ◽  
Venous System ◽  
Seeding Density ◽  
Outer Diameter ◽  
Type I ◽  
Dependent Manner ◽  
Mixed Solution ◽  
Vascular Cells ◽  
Collagen Concentration ◽  
Inner Diameter

A tubular, hierarchically structured hybrid vascular tissue composed of vascular cells and collagen was prepared. First, a cold mixed solution of bovine aortic smooth muscle cells (SMCs) and Type I collagen was poured into a tubular glass mold composed of a mandrel and a sheath (example of dimensions: inner diameter, 1.5 mm; outer diameter, 7 mm; length, 7 cm). Upon incubation at 37°C, an SMC-incorporated collagenous gel was formed. After the sheath was removed, the resulting fragile tissue, when cultured in medium, thinned in a time-dependent manner to form an opaque, dense tissue. Higher SMC seeding density and lower initial collagen concentration induced more rapid and prominent shrinkage of the tissue. Morphologic investigation showed that over time, bipolarly elongated SMCs and collagen fiber bundles became positioned around the mandrel. Both components became circumferentially oriented. When the mandrel was removed, a tubular hybrid medial tissue was formed. A hybrid vascular tissue with a hierarchical structure was constructed by seeding endothelial cells onto the inner surface of the hybrid medial tissue. Prepared tissues tolerated luminal pressures as great as 100 mmHg and mechanical stress applied during an anastomotic procedure. This method allowed us to prepare a tubular hybrid medial tissue of predetermined size (inner diameter, wail thickness, and length) by selecting appropriate mold design, initial collagen concentration, and SMC seeding density. Such hybrid vascular tissues may provide physiological functions when implanted into the venous system.

Temperature measurement with a zirconium fluoride glass fiber

1987 ◽  
Vol 26 (4) ◽  
pp. 607 ◽  
Author(s):  
Serge R. Mordon ◽  
Alain H. Cornil ◽  
Jean Marc Brunetaud
Keyword(s):  
Glass Fiber ◽  
Temperature Measurement ◽  
Fluoride Glass ◽  
Zirconium Fluoride

scholarly journals Evaluation of the Lower Punctum Parameters and Morphology Using Spectral Domain Anterior Segment Optical Coherence Tomography

2015 ◽  
Vol 2015 ◽  
pp. 1-7 ◽  
Author(s):  
Riham S. H. M. Allam ◽  
Rania A. Ahmed
Keyword(s):  
Optical Coherence Tomography ◽  
Anterior Segment ◽  
Normal Subjects ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Spectral Domain ◽  
Outer Diameter ◽  
Optical Coherence ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Air Bubble ◽  
Inner Diameter

Purpose. To study features of the lower punctum in normal subjects using spectral domain anterior segment optical coherence tomography (SD AS-OCT).Methods. Observational cross-sectional study that included 147 punctae (76 subjects). Punctae were evaluated clinically for appearance, position, and size. AS-OCT was used to evaluate the punctal shape, contents, and junction with the vertical canaliculus. Inner and outer diameters as well as depth were measured.Results. 24 males and 52 females (mean age44±14.35 y) were included. Lower punctum was perceived by OCT to be an area with an outer diameter (mean412.16±163 μm), inner diameter (mean233.67±138.73 μm), and depth (mean251.7±126.58 μm). The OCT measured outer punctum diameter was significantly less than that measured clinically (P: 0.000). Seven major shapes were identified. The junction with the vertical canaliculus was detectable in 44%. Fluid was detected in 34%, one of which had an air bubble; however, 63% of punctae showed no contents and 4% had debris.Conclusions. AS-OCT can be a useful tool in understanding the anatomy of the punctum and distal lacrimal system as well as tear drainage physiology. Measuring the punctum size may play a role in plugs fitting.

scholarly journals STUDY OF MUTAGENIC ACTIVITY NANO- AND MICROPARTICLES IN THE AMES TEST (SALMONELLA / MICROSOME)

2019 ◽  
Vol 98 (4) ◽  
pp. 455-460
Author(s):  
Lyudmila V. Akhaltseva ◽  
V. S. Zhurkov ◽  
L. P. Sycheva ◽  
O. N. Savostikova ◽  
A. V. Alekseeva
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Nanotubes ◽  
Ames Test ◽  
Mutagenic Activity ◽  
Dose Range ◽  
Gene Mutations ◽  
Outer Diameter ◽  
Multi Walled Carbon Nanotubes ◽  
Inner Diameter ◽  
Substitution Mutations ◽  
Walled Carbon Nanotubes

Introduction. One of the important steps in assessing the nanoparticles (NP) safety is the analysis of mutagenic activity, including the evaluation of gene, chromosomal, and genomic mutations. Material and methods. The purpose of this investigation is to study the ability of different NP aqueus suspensions and the same compounds in microforms to unduce gene mutations in Salmonella/microsome test (Ames test). Anatase titanium dioxide NP coated with simethicone (33.16 ± 16.7 nm, 5-50000 μg/ml), magnetite NP coated with silicate (10 nm, 0.92-575 μg/ml), silver NP coated with аrabian gum (14 ± 0.2 nm, 5-50000 μg/ml), aluminum hydroxide nanofibres (50-70 nm, 24-3000 μg/ml) and multi-walled carbon nanotubes (Taunit MWСNTs, outer diameter 15-40 nm, inner diameter 3-8 nm, length 2 and more microns, 5-50000 μg/ml). In parallel, the mutagenic activity of equivalent microparticles was evaluated in experiments. Ames test (Salmonella/microsomes) registers gene mutations induced by a different mechanism of action, in the variant with preincubation. A set of Salmonella typhimurium indicator strains: TA 100 (base pair substitution mutations), TA 98 and TA 97 (mutations of the frameshift type of the genetic code) were used. Using addition the S9 microsomal activating mixture during the experiment makes it is possible to determine the effect not only of the substances themselves, but also of their metabolites. Conclusion. The investigated nanomaterials as well as their micro analogs in the studied dose range did not induce gene mutations in the Ames test both in presence and absence microsomal activating mixture.

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