Analysis of Composite Bolted Connection Joints Under Out of Plane Loading

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hassan A. Mahmoud ◽  
Mostafa Shazly ◽  
Yehia Bahei-El-Din ◽  
Emad El-Kashif
Keyword(s):  
Finite Element ◽  
Areal Density ◽  
Finite Element Models ◽  
Fe Model ◽  
Stacking Sequence ◽  
Bolted Connection ◽  
Structural Applications ◽  
Edge Distance ◽  
Out Of Plane ◽  
Bolt Diameter

Abstract The use of composite joints has been increased in recent years in structural applications such as aircraft, civil engineering structure, ship structure, wind energy sector, and automotive industry. In this paper, the behaviour of composite bolted connection joints under out of plane loading is investigated. A parametric study was conducted to study the joint stiffness variation with various geometric parameters, which include the edge distance, bolt diameter, plate width, and the laminate stacking sequence. The experimental work was conducted on GFRP tension clips (L-angle) joint specimens manufactured by the vacuum infusion technique. In the present work, two types of laminates were used, unidirectional laminates [0°]5 with an areal density of 1050 gm/m2, triaxial laminates [−45°/+45°/0°]5 with an areal density of 1200 g/m2. A 3D finite element (FE) model was developed to study the effect of joint parameters on its stiffness. Finite element models were constructed, and the experimental results were used to validate the finite element models. The analysis concluded that the failure load increases when the edge distance to bolt diameter ratio (E/D) increases and the triaxial stacking sequence is better than unidirectional. The (E/D) ratio, the (W/D) ratio and stacking sequence were found to be very significant parameters.

scholarly journals Out-of-plane local mechanism analysis with finite element method

2021 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
pp. 130-136
Author(s):  
Roberto Spagnuolo
Keyword(s):  
Finite Element ◽  
Masonry Walls ◽  
Finite Element Models ◽  
Mechanism Analysis ◽  
Fem Method ◽  
Local Mechanism ◽  
Out Of Plane ◽  
Smeared Crack ◽  
The Stability ◽  
No Tension Material

Abstract The stability check of masonry structures is a debated problem in Italy that poses serious problems for its extensive use. Indeed, the danger of out of plane collapse of masonry walls, which is one of the more challenging to evaluate, is traditionally addressed not using finite element models (FEM). The power of FEM is not properly used and some simplified method are preferred. In this paper the use of the thrust surface is suggested. This concept allows to to evaluate the eccentricity of the membrane stresses using the FEM method. For this purpose a sophisticated, layered, finite element with a no-tension material is used. To model a no-tension material we used the smeared crack method as it is not mesh-dependent and it is well known since the early ’80 in an ASCE Report [1]. The described element has been implemented by the author in the program Nòlian by Softing.

SEA model for structural acoustic coupling by means of periodic finite element models of the structural subsystems

2021 ◽  
Vol 263 (1) ◽  
pp. 5301-5309
Author(s):  
Luca Alimonti ◽  
Abderrazak Mejdi ◽  
Andrea Parrinello
Keyword(s):  
Finite Element ◽  
Numerical Approach ◽  
Unit Cell ◽  
Analytical Models ◽  
Finite Element Models ◽  
Fe Model ◽  
Acoustic Coupling ◽  
Representative Unit Cell ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
Acoustic Treatment

Statistical Energy Analysis (SEA) often relies on simplified analytical models to compute the parameters required to build the power balance equations of a coupled vibro-acoustic system. However, the vibro-acoustic of modern structural components, such as thick sandwich composites, ribbed panels, isogrids and metamaterials, is often too complex to be amenable to analytical developments without introducing further approximations. To overcome this limitation, a more general numerical approach is considered. It was shown in previous publications that, under the assumption that the structure is made of repetitions of a representative unit cell, a detailed Finite Element (FE) model of the unit cell can be used within a general and accurate numerical SEA framework. In this work, such framework is extended to account for structural-acoustic coupling. Resonant as well as non-resonant acoustic and structural paths are formulated. The effect of any acoustic treatment applied to coupling areas is considered by means of a Generalized Transfer Matrix (TM) approach. Moreover, the formulation employs a definition of pressure loads based on the wavenumber-frequency spectrum, hence allowing for general sources to be fully represented without simplifications. Validations cases are presented to show the effectiveness and generality of the approach.

Strains and Deflections of GFRP Sandwich Panels Due to Uniform Out-of-Plane Pressure

2002 ◽  
Vol 39 (04) ◽  
pp. 223-231
Author(s):  
J. C. Roberts ◽  
M. P. Boyle ◽  
P. D. Wienhold ◽  
E. E. Ward
Keyword(s):  
Finite Element ◽  
Compressive Strain ◽  
Sandwich Panels ◽  
External Pressure ◽  
Woven Fabric ◽  
Core Material ◽  
Finite Element Models ◽  
Strain Gages ◽  
Glass Fiber Reinforced Plastic ◽  
Out Of Plane

Rectangular orthotropic glass fiber reinforced plastic sandwich panels were tested under uniform out-of-plane pressure and the strains and deflections were compared with those from finite-element models of the panels. The panels, with 0.32 cm (0.125 in.) face sheets and a 1.27 cm (0.5 in.)core of either balsa or linear polyvinylchloride foam, were tested in two sizes: 183 × 92 cm (72 × 36 in.) and121 × 92 cm (48 × 36 in.). The sandwich panels were fabricated using the vacuum-assisted resin transfer molding technique. The two short edges of the sandwich panels were clamped, while the two long edges were simply supported. Uniform external pressure was applied using two large water inflatable bladders in series. The deflection and strains were measured using dial gages and strain gages placed at quarter and half points on the surface of the panels. Measurements were made up to a maximum out-of-plane pressure of 0.1 MPa (15psi). A total of six balsa core and six foam core panels were tested. Finite-element models were constructed for the 183-cm-long panel and the121-cm-long panel. Correlation between numerical and experimental strains to deflect the sandwich panel was much better on the top (tensile) side of the panels than on the bottom (compressive)side of the panels, regardless of panel aspect ratio or core material. All sandwich panels exhibited the same compressive strain reversal behavior on the compressive side of the panel. This phenomenon was thought to be due to nonlinearly induced micro-buckling under the strain gages, buckling of the woven fabric, or micro-cracking within the resin.

Forming limit diagrams by including the M–K model in finite element simulation considering the effect of bending

2016 ◽  
Vol 232 (8) ◽  
pp. 625-636 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mostafa Habibi ◽  
Ramin Hashemi ◽  
Ahmad Ghazanfari ◽  
Reza Naghdabadi ◽  
Ahmad Assempour
Keyword(s):  
Finite Element ◽  
Finite Element Model ◽  
Metal Forming ◽  
Forming Limit Diagram ◽  
Element Model ◽  
Forming Limit ◽  
Finite Element Models ◽  
Element Simulation ◽  
Simple Tension ◽  
Out Of Plane

Forming limit diagram is often used as a criterion to predict necking initiation in sheet metal forming processes. In this study, the forming limit diagram was obtained through the inclusion of the Marciniak–Kaczynski model in the Nakazima out-of-plane test finite element model and also a flat model. The effect of bending on the forming limit diagram was investigated numerically and experimentally. Data required for this simulation were determined through a simple tension test in three directions. After comparing the results of the flat and Nakazima finite element models with the experimental results, the forming limit diagram computed by the Nakazima finite element model was more convenient with less than 10% at the lower level of the experimental forming limit diagram.

Finite Element-Based Parametric Investigations of the Stepped-Lap Repairs to Laminated Cylindrical Shell

2011 ◽  
Vol 90-93 ◽  
pp. 2682-2690
Author(s):  
Jian Xin Xu ◽  
Lu Chun Zhao ◽  
Ding He Li
Keyword(s):  
Finite Element ◽  
Composite Structures ◽  
Cylindrical Shells ◽  
Fe Model ◽  
Stacking Sequence ◽  
Improve Design ◽  
Analysis Techniques ◽  
Insight Into ◽  
Laminated Cylindrical Shell ◽  
Load Conditions

A parametric finite element (FE) model was developed to allow a broad investigation into the influence of various parameters, such as load conditions, stacking sequence and the number of steps on the performance of the stepped-lap repairs in composite laminated cylindrical shells. And the peak stresses determined with respect to changes in stacking sequence and the number of steps. Furthermore, the adhesive stress distribution resulting from joining mismatched laminate cylindrical shells was investigated. The results of this investigation provide further insight into the stresses that develop in stepped repairs of composite structures under load. This insight may lead to improve design and analysis techniques of stepped repairs in composite structures.

Automated Finite Element Analysis of Tree Branches

2017 ◽  
Vol 17 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
Zahra Shahbazi ◽  
Devon Keane ◽  
Domenick Avanzi ◽  
Lance S. Evans
Keyword(s):  
Finite Element Analysis ◽  
Finite Element ◽  
Biological Materials ◽  
Finite Element Models ◽  
Fe Model ◽  
Biological Applications ◽  
Efficient Tool ◽  
Element Analysis ◽  
New Process ◽  
Tree Branch

Finite element analysis (FEA) has been one of the successful tools in studying mechanical behavior of biological materials. There are many instances where creating FE models requires extensive time and effort. Such instances include finite element analysis of tree branches with complex geometries and varying mechanical properties. Once a FE model of a tree branch is created, the model is not applicable to another branch, and all the modeling steps must be repeated for each new branch with a different geometry and, in some cases, material. In this paper, we describe a new and novel program “Immediate-TREE” and its associated guided user interface (GUI). This program provides researchers a fast and efficient tool to create finite element analysis of a large variety of tree branches. Immediate-TREE automates the process of creating finite element models with the use of computer-generated Python files. Immediate-TREE uses tree branch data (geometry, mechanical, and material properties) and generates Python files. Files were then run in finite element analysis software (abaqus) to complete the analysis. Immediate-TREE is approximately 240 times faster than creating the same model directly in the FEA software (abaqus). This new process can be used with a large variety of biological applications including analyses of bones, teeth, as well as known biological materials.

Behaviour of hollow concrete masonry walls with one-course bond beams subjected to concentric and eccentric concentrated loading

2003 ◽  
Vol 30 (1) ◽  
pp. 181-190 ◽  
Author(s):  
Junyi Yi ◽  
Nigel G Shrive
Keyword(s):  
Finite Element ◽  
Failure Modes ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Masonry Walls ◽  
Finite Element Models ◽  
Concentrated Load ◽  
Concrete Masonry ◽  
Out Of Plane ◽  
Concentrated Loading ◽  
Concrete Masonry Walls

Three-dimensional finite element models of unreinforced hollow concrete masonry walls with one-course bond beams subjected to concentrated loading have been analyzed. The walls were modelled with different loading plate sizes, different loading locations along the wall (at the midpoint of the wall, at the end of the wall, and between these points), and different out-of-plane eccentricities (e = 0, t/6, and t/3). The hollow block units, mortar, grout, and bond beam blocks in the walls were modelled separately. Both smeared and discrete cracking methods have been utilized for predicting cracking under load. Geometric and material nonlinearities and damage due to progressive cracking were taken into account in the analyses. The predicted failure modes and ultimate capacities of the walls with the concentric concentrated load applied at the midpoint or at the end of the wall compared very well with the experimental results. When the load was between the midpoint and the end of the wall, the predicted ultimate capacity was between those for the load at the midpoint and at the end. The strength of the walls decreases with increasing out-of-plane eccentricities.Key words: finite element models, hollow masonry, smeared and discrete cracking models, concentrated load, loading locations, out-of-plane eccentricities.

Analysis of Carbon Nano Tubes using Molecular Structural Mechanics Approach

2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
J. Jayapriya ◽  
D Muruganandam ◽  
B. Senthil Kumar
Keyword(s):  
Finite Element ◽  
Elastic Moduli ◽  
Structural Mechanics ◽  
Diameter Ratio ◽  
Finite Element Models ◽  
Fe Model ◽  
High Toughness ◽  
Young’S Moduli ◽  
Energy Equivalence ◽  
Carbon Nano Tubes

Carbon Nano Tubes (CNTs) have a nanostructure with length-to-diameter ratio greater than 1,000,000 exhibiting unusually high toughness and elastic-moduli. Young’s modulus of a single-walled CNT is estimated through Molecular Structural Mechanics Approach is being simulated as a frame-like-structure where primary bonds between successive atoms forms a beam. Properties for FE model are calculated from energy equivalence between molecular and structural mechanics. By validation, computed results match well with the literature. Finite element models such as armchair and zig-zag are established and Young’s-moduli are effectively predicted.

Experimental Correlation of Dynamic Finite Element Models

1995 ◽  
Author(s):  
Raymond E. Martin ◽  
David M. O’Brien
Keyword(s):  
Finite Element ◽  
Finite Element Models ◽  
Fe Model ◽  
Dynamic Finite Element ◽  
Aircraft Landing ◽  
Modal Model ◽  
Analytical Development ◽  
Structure Correlation ◽  
Operational Data ◽  
Wheel Brake

Abstract Finite element models used in the dynamic analysis of structures benefit from correlation with experimental data at each step in the analytical development. The steps Aircraft Landing Systems has followed in obtaining both modal and operational data for the validation of aircraft wheel, brake, and strut FEA models are discussed in this paper. These steps include the creation of a valid experimental modal model for major components in the structure, correlation of the modal results to tie FE model results, testing of sub-assemblies, and collecting data from dynamometer tests of the system and their correlation to the assembled FE model of the system. Various procedures are described which have been developed and adapted by Aircraft Landing Systems and which enable practical correlation to frequencies as high as 2000 Hz. The application of the procedures are demonstrated with examples from recent testing.

Structural Response of Timber-Concrete Composite Beams Predicted by Finite Element Models and Manual Calculations

2014 ◽  
Vol 17 (11) ◽  
pp. 1601-1621 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nima Khorsandnia ◽  
Hamid Valipour ◽  
Keith Crews
Keyword(s):  
Finite Element ◽  
Axial Stress ◽  
Damage Model ◽  
Structural Response ◽  
General Purpose ◽  
Finite Element Models ◽  
Fe Model ◽  
Loading Capacity ◽  
Model Predictions ◽  
Ultimate Loading Capacity

This paper presents the structural response of timber-concrete composite (TCC) beams predicted by finite element models (i.e. continuum-based and 1D frame) and manual calculations. Details of constitutive laws adopted for modelling timber and concrete are provided and application of the Hashin damage model in conjunction with continuum-based FE for capturing failure of timber under bi-axial stress state is discussed. A simplified strategy for modelling the TCC connection is proposed in which the connection is modelled by a nonlinear spring and the full load-slip behaviour of each TCC connection is expressed with a formula that can be directly implemented in the general purpose FE codes and used for nonlinear analysis of TCC beams. The developed FE models are verified by examples taken from the literature. Furthermore, the load-displacement response and ultimate loading capacity of the TCC beams are determined according to Eurocode 5 method and compared with FE model predictions.

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