A Novel Three-Dimensional Non-Contact Magnetic Stress Inspection Technology and its Application on LNG Pipeline

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Guoxi He ◽  
Tengjiao He ◽  
Kexi Liao ◽  
Hongdong Zhu ◽  
Shuai Zhao
Keyword(s):  
Stress Concentration ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Metal Loss ◽  
Magnetic Memory ◽  
Destructive Testing ◽  
Inspection Method ◽  
Precise Position ◽  
Testing Technology ◽  
Relative Stress ◽  
Transmission Pipeline

Abstract On the basis of the metal-magnetic-memory (MMM) effect, a three-dimensional high-precision non-contact pipeline magnetism-based stress inspection (PMSI) technology is developed for trenchless inspection of buried pipeline defects. This technology is a new non-destructive testing technology, which can find the possible stress concentration area (SCA) along the buried gas transmission pipeline. Hence, we could further judge according to the testing data that the stress concentration is caused by the overpressure which results from whether the pipeline external load at the potential landslide of the soil or serious metal loss such as corrosion defects. The stress inspection method determines the relative risk of defects by directly quantifying the change level of stress, rather than calculating the geometric parameters (length, width, height) of defects. The PMSI was carried out on a 10.3 km LNG pipeline and two level-II SCAs were found. A comprehensive index F was defined to evaluate the severity quantitatively and judge the grade of the defect status as well as the sensitive. Thus, the relative stress and thereby the safety state of the pipeline are judged, and then the precise position of the relatively serious section on the pipeline is determined.

scholarly journals Pipeline In-Line Inspection Method, Instrumentation and Data Management

Sensors ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (11) ◽  
pp. 3862
Author(s):  
Qiuping Ma ◽  
Guiyun Tian ◽  
Yanli Zeng ◽  
Rui Li ◽  
Huadong Song ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Data Management ◽  
Petroleum Products ◽  
Metal Loss ◽  
Non Destructive Testing ◽  
Destructive Testing ◽  
Inspection Method ◽  
Safety Issues ◽  
Pipeline Inspection ◽  
Inspection Systems ◽  
Non Destructive

Pipelines play an important role in the national/international transportation of natural gas, petroleum products, and other energy resources. Pipelines are set up in different environments and consequently suffer various damage challenges, such as environmental electrochemical reaction, welding defects, and external force damage, etc. Defects like metal loss, pitting, and cracks destroy the pipeline’s integrity and cause serious safety issues. This should be prevented before it occurs to ensure the safe operation of the pipeline. In recent years, different non-destructive testing (NDT) methods have been developed for in-line pipeline inspection. These are magnetic flux leakage (MFL) testing, ultrasonic testing (UT), electromagnetic acoustic technology (EMAT), eddy current testing (EC). Single modality or different kinds of integrated NDT system named Pipeline Inspection Gauge (PIG) or un-piggable robotic inspection systems have been developed. Moreover, data management in conjunction with historic data for condition-based pipeline maintenance becomes important as well. In this study, various inspection methods in association with non-destructive testing are investigated. The state of the art of PIGs, un-piggable robots, as well as instrumental applications, are systematically compared. Furthermore, data models and management are utilized for defect quantification, classification, failure prediction and maintenance. Finally, the challenges, problems, and development trends of pipeline inspection as well as data management are derived and discussed.

Quantitative research of defects for pipelines based on metal magnetic memory testing

2020 ◽  
Vol 62 (5) ◽  
pp. 292-299 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wei Zhou ◽  
Jianchun Fan ◽  
Xiangyuan Liu ◽  
Shujie Liu
Keyword(s):  
Quantitative Research ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Magnetic Memory ◽  
Metal Magnetic Memory ◽  
Magnetic Signal ◽  
Destructive Testing ◽  
Gas Industry ◽  
Defect Profile ◽  
Comparison Results ◽  
Dimensional Distribution

Pipelines are widely used in the oil & gas industry but defects seriously affect their safe operation. Therefore, it is necessary to perform non-destructive testing (NDT) to quantify the defects. In this study, a magnetic dipole model was established to characterise the defects and magnetic flux leakage (MFL) of defects was simulated using the finite element method (FEM) to reveal the spatial distribution of the magnetic vector. Magnetic signals were measured using a tunnel magnetoresistance (TMR) sensor array and the results showed that defects with different sizes could be quantified using the metal magnetic memory (MMM) method. Three-dimensional distribution of the magnetic signal and its gradient reflected the defect profile well and the gradient of the magnetic signal was found to reduce the effect of non-uniform magnetisation. Furthermore, experimental results were verified by comparison with the simulation results and the comparison results showed a consistent variation trend. Quantitative analysis was conducted and the characteristic parameters of the gradients could be used to quantify the defects.

Non-Contact Measurement of Residual Magnetization Caused by Plastic Deformation of Steel

2020 ◽  
Vol 3 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Aroba Saleem ◽  
P. Ross Underhill ◽  
Thomas W. Krause
Keyword(s):  
Plastic Deformation ◽  
Stress Concentration ◽  
Oil And Gas ◽  
Magnetic Measurements ◽  
Magnetic Domain ◽  
Residual Magnetization ◽  
Magnetic Memory ◽  
Buried Pipe ◽  
Destructive Testing ◽  
Primary Means

Abstract Pipelines are the primary means of land transportation of oil and gas globally, and pipeline integrity is, therefore, of high importance. Failures in pipelines may occur due to internal and external stresses that produce stress concentration zones, which may cause failure by stress corrosion cracking. Early detection of stress concentration zones could facilitate the identification of potential failure sites. Conventional non-destructive testing (NDT) methods, such as magnetic flux leakage, have been used to detect defects in pipelines; however, these methods cannot be effectively used to detect zones of stress concentration. In addition, these methods require direct contact, with access to the buried pipe. Metal magnetic memory (MMM) is an emerging technology, which has the potential to characterize the stress state of underground pipelines from above ground. The present paper describes magnetic measurements performed on steel components, such as bars and tubes, which have undergone changing stress conditions. It was observed that plastic deformation resulted in the modification of measured residual magnetization in steels. In addition, an exponential decrease in signal with the distance of the sensor from the sample was observed. Results are attributed to changes in the local magnetic domain structure in the presence of stress but in the absence of an applied field.

Three-Dimensional Micro-Displacement Control System for a Conductor Defect Detection System

2012 ◽  
Vol 588-589 ◽  
pp. 1431-1436 ◽  
Author(s):  
San Sheng Wang ◽  
Liu Bin Fan ◽  
Gong Chen ◽  
Tong He
Keyword(s):  
Magnetic Field ◽  
Control System ◽  
Detection System ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Sample Surface ◽  
Low Noise ◽  
Central Processor ◽  
Displacement Control ◽  
Destructive Testing ◽  
Testing Technology

This paper proposes a method to detect conductor defects in the field of modern non-destructive testing technology. A self-magnetic field induced by flowing current in the conductor is used in the detection technique, and a three-dimensional micro-displacement stage platform is used to scan the sample surface to obtain the self-magnetic field mapping of the whole sample. The subsequent data processing and imaging technology of the detection signal is also developed. To achieve precise positioning of the triaxial directions, an STM32 microcontroller (MCU) is used as the central processor to design the displacement control system, which communicates with a PC computer through the MCU system. The experimental results demonstrate that the stepper motor driving the magnetic sensor could run uniformly and that the proposed system has the advantages of smooth motion, low noise and high precision. As a consequence, the micro-displacement control system can be used to get a clear mapping of the defects in the sample.

Complete Equipment Inspection Method Based on Risk Assessment and Nondestructive Testing

2013 ◽  
Vol 330 ◽  
pp. 242-249
Author(s):  
Hui Huang ◽  
Ding Yue Chen ◽  
Guo Jun Mao ◽  
Hui Chen
Keyword(s):  
Risk Assessment ◽  
Magnetic Surface ◽  
Destructive Testing ◽  
High Detection Rate ◽  
Inspection Method ◽  
Detection Technology ◽  
Testing Technology ◽  
Comprehensive Test ◽  
Assessment Requirements ◽  
Non Destructive

Three propylene spherical tanks which have both the same manufacturing parameters and conditions have been assessed based on risk assessment and non-destructive testing technology. One of the spherical tanks is stopped for comprehensive inspection, and the result of inspection verifies the reliability of risk assessment, which is applied to other two unopened propylene spherical tanks. Meanwhile, in order to make overall inspection level meet the requirements of the risk assessment and so reduce spherical tanks assessing risk, ultrasonic diffraction detection (TOFD) with high detection rate and fluorescent magnetic surface detection technology are adopted to ensure comprehensive test meeting the risk assessment requirements, which can also provide significant guidance for future complete equipment inspection.

A New Non-Destructive Testing Method Used in the Axle of Landing Gear

2011 ◽  
Vol 80-81 ◽  
pp. 1150-1154
Author(s):  
Qing Song Tu ◽  
Wei Min Zhang ◽  
Li Huang ◽  
Cheng Feng Chen ◽  
Qiu Yong
Keyword(s):  
Stress Concentration ◽  
Damage Zone ◽  
Bending Moment ◽  
Landing Gear ◽  
Magnetic Memory ◽  
Destructive Testing ◽  
Main Bearing ◽  
Structural Part ◽  
Testing Method ◽  
Structural Parts

The relations between stresses and leakage magnetic signal of concentration area of the airplane’s landing gear under varying load were studied. The finite element method was used to calculate the stress of axle under different conditions; An experiment was designed to simulate the stress status under the bending moment, the slight magnetic signals on specimen were measured, and the relation of the signals and stress was studied. The new testing method was explained with the theory of ferromagnetic and the significance of this technique for detecting defects of the airplane structural part was discussed. The safety of airplane’s main bearing parts plays an important role during its operation and it often comes to bad situation of fatigue damage for stress concentration [1, 2]. To prevent the breaking down of structural parts and get rid of big accidents, it becomes important and necessary to find out the early concentration and damage zone, and to make some certain examination of damage and stress status [3]. The method of magnetic memory testing would be effective for the confirming of stress concentration zone in the equipment or structural parts, and could lead the way ahead the matters of fatigue analysis, evaluation of equipment life and technological design. The method can detect the endurance failure of the airplane’s undercarriage shaft, which is composed of ferromagnetic materials, and that provides the experimental basis for the prevention of parts’ fatigue defects.

Development of Magnetic Memory Testing System Used on Defect Detection of Drill Pipe

2010 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wenpei Zheng ◽  
Jianchun Fan ◽  
Laibin Zhang ◽  
Dong Wen
Keyword(s):  
Stress Concentration ◽  
Nondestructive Testing ◽  
Defect Detection ◽  
Drill Pipe ◽  
Ferromagnetic Material ◽  
Oil Field ◽  
Testing System ◽  
Magnetic Memory ◽  
Memory Testing ◽  
Testing Technology

Drill pipe is used in well drilling in oil field. Under the force of tubular columns and pressure of drilling fluids, the drill pipe usually fails in long-term service, which consequently leads to accidents, such as drill pipe twisting off, and causes stagnation of production. So it’s especially necessary to detect defects in drill pipe in time. Traditional nondestructive testing methods, for example, magnetic flux leakage, eddy current and ultrasound, can only detect already formed defects. They do not help detect and evaluate stress concentration zones, which tends to develop into defects. Magnetic memory testing technology is a newly developed nondestructive testing technology. Under the exciting of the magnetic field of the earth, the magnetic status will change in stress concentration zones of ferromagnetic material. Location and study of the stress concentration zones will forecast the defects of ferromagnetic material. Magnetic memory testing system used on defect detection for drill pipe is developed based on this technology. Composition and function of the system is introduced, and application effect is shown. This system will play important part in detection and evaluation for drill pipe in oil field.

scholarly journals Application of Ultrasonic Array Method for the Inspection of TC18 Addictive Manufacturing Titanium Alloy

Sensors ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 19 (20) ◽  
pp. 4371 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wentao Li ◽  
Zhenggan Zhou ◽  
Yang Li
Keyword(s):  
Titanium Alloy ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Imaging Method ◽  
Destructive Testing ◽  
Flat Bottom ◽  
Annular Array ◽  
Array Transducer ◽  
Ultrasonic Array ◽  
Testing Technology ◽  
Non Destructive

Ultrasonic arrays have been investigated for inspecting the quality of special materials. Unfortunately, non-destructive testing and evaluation (NDT&E) of internal defects in additive manufacturing (AM) materials are difficult due to the anisotropy and the coarse grain. To solve the problem, this paper brings forward research on the inspection of TC18 AM titanium alloy products using an ultrasonic array. Firstly, a three-dimensional acoustic field distribution of different ultrasonic array transducers is established to design an optimal detection solution for an AM titanium alloy. Then, a total focusing method (TFM) for the ultrasonic annular array transducer is proposed and its imaging method is analyzed. Besides, the relation between ultrasonic group velocities in a TC18 AM specimen with different propagating angles is measured using the full matrix capture (FMC) method. Based on the measurements, the anisotropy of the AM titanium alloy is discussed and the TFM algorithm of annular array is optimized as well. Finally, C-scan experiments are conducted on the specimen with a height of 55 mm using the linear ultrasonic array transducer of the conventional focusing method and the TFM of annular array transducer, respectively. The results show that the TFM of annular array has higher accuracy in quantifying the defects of flat bottom holes and transverse holes with a diameter of 0.8 mm. In addition, the detection results of different forming directions are analyzed and the 3D imaging of defects in the specimen is realized based on FMC data. The TFM of annular array is an innovative ultrasonic testing technology with high resolution for AM titanium alloy products.

Acoustic and Photoacoustic Inspection of Through-Silicon Vias in the GHz-Frequency Band

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sebastian Brand ◽  
Michael Kögel ◽  
Frank Altmann ◽  
Ingrid DeWolf ◽  
Ahmad Khaled ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Quality Assessment ◽  
Frequency Band ◽  
Process Development ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Non Destructive Testing ◽  
Destructive Testing ◽  
Vertical Interconnection ◽  
Testing Techniques ◽  
Silicon Vias ◽  
Non Destructive

Abstract Through Silicon Via (TSV) is the most promising technology for vertical interconnection in novel three-dimensional chip architectures. Reliability and quality assessment necessary for process development and manufacturing require appropriate non-destructive testing techniques to detect cracks and delamination defects with sufficient penetration and imaging capabilities. The current paper presents the application of two acoustically based methods operating in the GHz-frequency band for the assessment of the integrity of TSV structures.

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