Pull Test Study of the MFL-A Performance Within Casings to Improve ILI-Based Corrosion Management of Cased Pipes

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dongliang Lu ◽  
Jennifer Klementis ◽  
Shahani Kariyawasam ◽  
Terry Huang ◽  
Ryan Sager
Keyword(s):  
System Performance ◽  
Management Program ◽  
Metal Loss ◽  
Baseline Scenario ◽  
Conservative Estimate ◽  
Feature Location ◽  
Key Factors ◽  
Important Lesson ◽  
Different Types ◽  
The Impact

Abstract High resolution magnetic flux leakage (MFL) in-line inspection (ILI) technology has proven to be one of the most effective approaches to manage corrosion anomalies within the pipeline industry. However, due to the presence of extra metal, pipeline casings are suspected of impacting the detection and sizing accuracy of MFL systems for metal loss features when they are located under casings. A research project was carried out by TC Energy (TCE) with ROSEN to better understand the effect of pipeline casings on the performance of axially-aligned MFL ILI (MFL-A) technology. The study involved full-scale pull through testing to investigate the effects of various casing conditions and the presence of different types of casing spacers on the inspection system’s sizing and detection performance for corrosion anomalies, including the casing eccentricity, the presence of metallic and electrolytic shorting, and the presence of different types of casing spacers. The testing for various eccentricity and shorting scenarios were compared to an uncased baseline scenario. An important lesson learned by the project team through this research is the importance of identifying key factors that influence the system performance when analyzing the testing results. Failure in doing so can lead to less meaningful results: in this case, an overly conservative estimate of the sizing performance that does not discriminate appropriately where the system performed well and where the system performed worse than expected. The impact of such a broad-brushing and overly conservative estimate in the MFL system performance to pipeline integrity decisions is very significant and can result in a large number of unnecessary repairs in practice. With comprehensive data analytics, it was identified that the key factors affecting the tool performance for cased pipes are the small annulus gaps between the casing and the carrier pipe at the feature location, and the presence of certain types of spacers. For the vast majority of cases, the ILI performance under casings is comparable to the performance for uncased pipes. The results from this research suggests that with appropriate consideration of the system performance, TCE’s probabilistic ILI based corrosion management program can effectively manage corrosion anomalies within cased pipes using ILI. Additional research and testing are underway to further support this conclusion.

scholarly journals El potencial de las TIC para la interpretación y puesta en valor del patrimonio: la relación entre las TIC y la satisfacción de los visitantes a centros culturales

2019 ◽  
Vol 1 ◽  
pp. 1-15
Author(s):  
Ana Quesada de la Rosa
Keyword(s):  
Virtual Reality ◽  
New Technologies ◽  
Management Program ◽  
Key Factors ◽  
Cultural Management ◽  
New Learning ◽  
Innovative Solutions ◽  
Cultural Sector ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Culture Technology

During the last years the impact of ICT into the cultural sector has exponentially grown up. New technologies offer innovative solutions to create new experiences for a non-stopping changing audience. Virtual Reality (VR) and Augmented Reality (AR) take the lead as two of the main ingredients on this recipe that we call ‘culture + technology’. The principal aim of this analysis has been to look over some of the study cases which analyze the impact of new technologies on cultural places’ visitors, aiming to glimpse part of their great potential. The results show that the use of new technologies, specially VR and AR, help to improve significantly user’s satisfaction by offering new learning experiences which makes easier for them to understand and connect with cultural heritage. In addition, the use of new technologies increases the intention of visit, as well as the return’s rate to a place they have already visited, key factors in every cultural management program.

A Midstream Pipeline Operator’s Perspective on the Implementation of API 1183

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jeremiah Konell ◽  
Brian Dedeke ◽  
Chris Hurst ◽  
Shanshan Wu ◽  
Joseph Bratton
Keyword(s):  
Selection Process ◽  
Management Program ◽  
Operating Conditions ◽  
Metal Loss ◽  
Pipeline System ◽  
Stress Risers ◽  
Integrity Management ◽  
Primary Focus ◽  
Condition Assessments ◽  
The Impact

Abstract In preparation for the upcoming (currently in draft form) Recommended Practice (RP) on Dent Assessment and Management (API 1183) [1], Explorer Pipeline Company, Inc. (Explorer) has performed an internal procedural review to determine how to effectively implement the methodologies into their Integrity Management Program (IMP). Explorer’s pipeline system transports hazardous liquids and is comprised of over 1,800 miles of pipeline ranging in diameter from 3 to 28 inches. The majority of the system was installed in the 1970s, but parts of the system were also installed as early as the 1940s. The primary focus of this review and implementation into the IMP is in regard to performing and responding to in-line inspection (ILI) based integrity assessments. Prior to the development of API 1183, dent assessment and management consisted of following a set of prescriptive condition assessments outlined in the Code of Federal Regulations (CFR) Title 49, Part 195.452. In order to do this, pipeline operators required basic information, such as dent depth, orientation, and interaction with potential stress risers such as metal loss, cracks, gouges, welds, etc. However, in order to fully implement API 1183, additional parameters are needed to define the dent shape, restraint condition, defect interaction, and pipeline operating conditions. Many new and necessary parameters were identified throughout the IMP, from the very initial pre-assessment stage (new ILI vendor requirements as part of the tool/vendor selection process) all the way to defining an appropriate reassessment interval (new process of analyzing dent fatigue life). This paper summarizes the parameters of API 1183 that were not part of Explorer’s current IMP. The parameters are identified, and comments are provided to rank the level of necessity from “must have” to “beneficial” (e.g. can sound and conservative assumptions be made when a parameter is not available). Comments are also provided to explain the impact of applying assumptions in place of parameters. The table of identified parameters should provide a useful tool for other pipeline operators who are considering implementing API 1183 as part of their overall IMP.

The Benefits of Accurate ILI Performance on Pipeline Integrity Programs for Axial Crack and Metal Loss Corrosion Threats

2016 ◽  
Author(s):  
Riski H. Adianto ◽  
Jason B. Skow ◽  
Jeffrey Sutherland
Keyword(s):  
Sensitivity Analysis ◽  
Axial Stress ◽  
Assessment Method ◽  
Critical Parameters ◽  
Metal Loss ◽  
Feature Location ◽  
Depth Measurement ◽  
Axial Crack ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Inspection Performance

An analysis describing the benefits of an accurate in-line inspection (ILI) system performance is presented in this paper. A good ILI performance is characterized as an accurate description of the condition of an inspected pipeline. Information from a better ILI performance, as compared to a poorer one, can be used to reduce the number of required digs and/or extend the re-inspection interval without compromising the pipeline’s integrity. As a result, these parameters can be used to assess the benefits of the improved inspection performance. For this analysis, the ILI performance was represented by the depth sizing accuracy as the depth of a feature is one of the most critical parameters in assessing the pressure containment capacity at the feature location. This work utilized a sensitivity analysis in which the impact of various levels of ILI performance on a pipeline integrity program in terms of the number of required repairs for a given reliability threshold was examined. The number of required repairs associated with each inspection performance was calculated using a reliability based assessment method. This method was selected because it fully accounts for the statistical characteristic of the ILI performance. The sensitivity analysis considered two pipeline condition scenarios for two pipeline systems. The first pipeline condition scenario was characterized as having a high number of features, many of which were severe in size, while the second condition scenario consisted of fewer features that were less significant in size. The analysis was carried out for both axial stress corrosion cracking and metal loss corrosion features. The results of the analysis show that a more accurate ILI depth measurement leads to a more accurate pipeline reliability estimate, and therefore, a reduction in the number of required repairs. However, the benefit associated with continued ILI measurement accuracy improvement exhibits a diminishing trend.

Trade and Political, Military, and Economic Relations

2012 ◽  
Vol 18 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Tansa G. Massoud ◽  
Christopher S. Magee
Keyword(s):  
Important Lesson ◽  
Data Set ◽  
Interstate Relations ◽  
Post Cold War ◽  
Economic Relations ◽  
Different Types ◽  
The Common ◽  
The Impact ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Events Data

This paper uses an events data set for the post-Cold War era to measure the impact of trade interdependence on three different types of dyadic interactions: political, military, and economic. The paper extends the literature on trade and peace by estimating a model in which trade and interstate interactions are treated as endogenous. We also move beyond the common measure of conflict as the use of force to consider different types and levels of conflict that fall short of war. We find that trade significantly raises net cooperation on political and economic interactions, but trade does not improve net cooperation over military issues. By allowing for mutual causality between cooperation and trade, we show that more cooperation on political and military issues leads to greater trade between countries. Moreover, the impact of overall cooperation on trade is larger than the effect of trade on cooperation. An important lesson from the paper is that the relationship between trade and net cooperation depends on the type of interstate relations being examined. The general findings are supported even after performing a number of robustness checks.

Quota Women Are Threatening to Men

2017 ◽  
Vol 76 (3) ◽  
pp. 107-116 ◽  
Author(s):  
Klea Faniko ◽  
Till Burckhardt ◽  
Oriane Sarrasin ◽  
Fabio Lorenzi-Cioldi ◽  
Siri Øyslebø Sørensen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Organizational Performance ◽  
Gender Stereotypes ◽  
Perceived Threat ◽  
Preferential Treatment ◽  
Public Sector Employees ◽  
Different Types ◽  
Low Levels ◽  
Women In Decision Making ◽  
The Impact

Abstract. Two studies carried out among Albanian public-sector employees examined the impact of different types of affirmative action policies (AAPs) on (counter)stereotypical perceptions of women in decision-making positions. Study 1 (N = 178) revealed that participants – especially women – perceived women in decision-making positions as more masculine (i.e., agentic) than feminine (i.e., communal). Study 2 (N = 239) showed that different types of AA had different effects on the attribution of gender stereotypes to AAP beneficiaries: Women benefiting from a quota policy were perceived as being more communal than agentic, while those benefiting from weak preferential treatment were perceived as being more agentic than communal. Furthermore, we examined how the belief that AAPs threaten men’s access to decision-making positions influenced the attribution of these traits to AAP beneficiaries. The results showed that men who reported high levels of perceived threat, as compared to men who reported low levels of perceived threat, attributed more communal than agentic traits to the beneficiaries of quotas. These findings suggest that AAPs may have created a backlash against its beneficiaries by emphasizing gender-stereotypical or counterstereotypical traits. Thus, the framing of AAPs, for instance, as a matter of enhancing organizational performance, in the process of policy making and implementation, may be a crucial tool to countering potential backlash.

Secular stagnation in the modern world

2018 ◽  
pp. 125-141 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. M. Drobyshevsky ◽  
P. V. Trunin ◽  
A. V. Bozhechkova
Keyword(s):  
Public Debt ◽  
Capital Accumulation ◽  
Technological Development ◽  
Japanese Economy ◽  
Modern World ◽  
Key Factors ◽  
Destruction Process ◽  
Secular Stagnation ◽  
The Impact

The paper studies the factors of secular stagnation. Key factors of long-term slowdown in economic growth include the slowdown of technological development, aging population, human capital accumulation limits, high public debt, creative destruction process violation etc. The authors analyze key theoretical aspects of long-term stagnation and study the impact of these factors on Japanies economy. The authors conclude that most of the factors have significant influence on the Japanese economy for recent decades, but they cannot explain all dynamics. For Russia, on the contrary, we do not see any grounds for considering the decline in the economy since 2013 as an episode of secular stagnation.

Performance Evaluation of Distributed Database Systems

2014 ◽  
Vol 13 (9) ◽  
pp. 4859-4867
Author(s):  
Khaled Saleh Maabreh
Keyword(s):  
Performance Evaluation ◽  
System Performance ◽  
Operation Mode ◽  
Database Systems ◽  
Distributed Database ◽  
Evaluation Study ◽  
Distributed Database Systems ◽  
Different Types ◽  
Distributed Database System ◽  
Distributed Database Management

Distributed database management systems manage a huge amount of data as well as large and increasingly growing number of users through different types of queries. Therefore, efficient methods for accessing these data volumes will be required to provide a high and an acceptable level of system performance.  Data in these systems are varying in terms of types from texts to images, audios and videos that must be available through an optimized level of replication. Distributed database systems have many parameters like data distribution degree, operation mode and the number of sites and replication. These parameters have played a major role in any performance evaluation study. This paper investigates the main parameters that may affect the system performance, which may help with configuring the distributed database system for enhancing the overall system performance.

Implication of Medical Treatment for Surgical Strategies in IBD

2019 ◽  
Vol 20 (13) ◽  
pp. 1363-1368
Author(s):  
Krisztina B. Gecse ◽  
Christianne J. Buskens
Keyword(s):  
Nutritional Status ◽  
Medical Treatment ◽  
Significant Proportion ◽  
Timing Of Surgery ◽  
Multidisciplinary Management ◽  
Key Factors ◽  
Surgical Strategies ◽  
Immunosuppressive Medications ◽  
Medical Paradigm ◽  
The Impact

Despite changing medical paradigm, still a significant proportion of patients with IBD require surgery. The patient's general condition, including nutritional status and the use of immunosuppressive medications is of great importance with regard to surgical complications, as well as the choice of optimal surgical strategy. The indication and the timing of surgery are key factors for the multidisciplinary management of IBD patients. The purpose of this review is to provide an overview on the impact of medical treatment on surgical strategies in IBD.

Examining Organizational, Cultural, and Individual-Level Factors Related to Workplace Safety and Health Awareness and Risks: A Systematic Review and Metric Analysis (Preprint)

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Edmund W. J. Lee ◽  
Han Zheng ◽  
Htet Htet Aung ◽  
Megha Rani Aroor ◽  
Chen Li ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Citation Count ◽  
Workplace Safety ◽  
Key Factors ◽  
Health Awareness ◽  
Individual Level ◽  
Metric Analysis ◽  
Safety And Health ◽  
The Impact ◽  
The Relationship

BACKGROUND Promoting safety and health awareness and mitigating risks are of paramount importance to companies in high-risk industries. Yet, there are very few studies that have synthesized findings from existing online workplace safety and health literature to identify what are the key factors that are related to (a) safety awareness, (b) safety risks, (c) health awareness, and (d) health risks. OBJECTIVE As one of the first systematic reviews in the area of workplace health and safety, this study aims to identify the factors related to safety and health awareness as well as risks, and systematically map these factors within three levels: organizational, cultural, and individual level. Also, this review aims to assess the impact of these workplace safety and health publications in both academic (e.g., academic databases, Mendeley, and PlumX) and non-academic settings (e.g., social media platform). METHODS The systematic review was conducted in line with procedures recommended by Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analysis (PRISMA). First, Proquest, ScienceDirect and Scopus were identified as suitable databases for the systematic review. Second, after inputting search queries related to safety and health awareness and risks, the articles were evaluated based on a set of inclusion and exclusion criteria. Third, the factors identified in the included articles were coded systematically. Fourth, the research team assessed the impact of the articles through a combination of traditional and new metric analysis methods: citation count, Altmetric Attention Score, Mendeley readers count, usage count, and capture count. RESULTS Out of a total of 4,831 articles retrieved from the three databases, 51 articles were included in the final sample and were systematically coded. The results revealed six categories of organizational (management commitment, management support, organizational safety communication, safety management systems, physical work environment, and organizational environment), two cultural (interpersonal support and organizational culture), and four individual (perception, motivation, attitude and behavior) level factors that relate to safety and health awareness and risk. In terms of impact, the relationship between citation count and the various metrics measuring academic activity (e.g., Mendeley readers, usage count, and capture count) were mostly significant while the relationship between citation count and Altmetric Attention Score was non-significant. CONCLUSIONS This study provides a macro view of the current state of workplace safety and health research and gives scholars an indication on some of the key factors of safety and health awareness and risks. Researchers should also be cognizant that while their work may receive attention from the scholarly community, it is important to tailor their communication messages for the respective industries they are studying to maximize the receptivity and impact of their findings. CLINICALTRIAL N.A.

Situational Breakdowns

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anne Nassauer
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Contextual Factors ◽  
The United States ◽  
Social Outcomes ◽  
Dynamic Processes ◽  
Collective Decisions ◽  
Different Types ◽  
The Impact

This book provides an account of how and why routine interactions break down and how such situational breakdowns lead to protest violence and other types of surprising social outcomes. It takes a close-up look at the dynamic processes of how situations unfold and compares their role to that of motivations, strategies, and other contextual factors. The book discusses factors that can draw us into violent situations and describes how and why we make uncommon individual and collective decisions. Covering different types of surprise outcomes from protest marches and uprisings turning violent to robbers failing to rob a store at gunpoint, it shows how unfolding situations can override our motivations and strategies and how emotions and culture, as well as rational thinking, still play a part in these events. The first chapters study protest violence in Germany and the United States from 1960 until 2010, taking a detailed look at what happens between the start of a protest and the eruption of violence or its peaceful conclusion. They compare the impact of such dynamics to the role of police strategies and culture, protesters’ claims and violent motivations, the black bloc and agents provocateurs. The analysis shows how violence is triggered, what determines its intensity, and which measures can avoid its outbreak. The book explores whether we find similar situational patterns leading to surprising outcomes in other types of small- and large-scale events: uprisings turning violent, such as Ferguson in 2014 and Baltimore in 2015, and failed armed store robberies.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document