A New Road-Side Array-Based Method for Characterization of Truck Noise During Passby

2008 ◽  
Author(s):  
William K. Blake ◽  
Paul Donovan
Keyword(s):  
Wind Tunnels ◽  
Vehicle Speed ◽  
California Department ◽  
Test Track ◽  
The Road ◽  
State Highway ◽  
Two Phases ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
Acoustic Calibration

This paper describes the development of a new method for measuring pass-by sound from trucks and other vehicles using 2-dimensional arrays. The approach provides 2-dimensional quantitative maps “images” of the cross-range and elevation distribution in the vehicle side view. The method is an application and extension of an array technology that was originally used for the characterization of static aeroacoustic sources in wind tunnels. The focus of this work is on identifying and rank-ordering the important contributing sources of passby noise. This development includes two phases: developmental testing at a test track site, and road-side testing at two California State highway sites. The acquisition post-processing allows the “observer” to track the vehicle cross-range in order to create a time sequence of source maps that may be interpreted as both level relationships and directivity patterns. The processing applies both range and approximate Doppler adjustments to spectra as a function of time during pass-by or, equivalently, to vehicle position relative to the array’s center. An image demodulation scheme is shown to clarify the images. The initial phase of this work occurred at a test track using known “cooperative” truck sources. This experience permitted the verification of the method and the definition of a final measurement approach that was viable at a highway site. Subjects were all trucks that varied in model, vehicle speed, tread, and the presence of a trailer. The array beamformer’s ability to localize and the measurement system’s ability to track were validated using both stationary and moving sources. Following validation at the test track site, the instrumentation was transferred to two California highway sites. There, acoustic calibration was used to align the array with the road track and to provide a spatial reference for mapping the “images”. Both light and heavy vehicles at these sites were “uncooperative” with arrivals and speeds randomly determined by traffic flow. This work was funded by the California Department of Transportation.

scholarly journals (DCNN) Deep Convolution Neural Network Classifier and (EW-CSA) Earth Worm-Crow Search Algorithm for Lane Detection

2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 4892-4901
Keyword(s):  
Neural Network ◽  
Search Algorithm ◽  
Lane Detection ◽  
Second Phase ◽  
Vehicle Speed ◽  
Learning Approaches ◽  
The Road ◽  
Optimal Weights ◽  
Car Accidents ◽  
Two Phases

Every year in India, most of the car accidents are occurs and affects on number of lives. Most of the road accidents are occurs due to driver’s inattention and fatigue. Drivers require to focus on different circumstances, together with vehicle speed and path, the separation between vehicles, passing vehicles, and potential risky or uncommon events ahead. Also the accident occurs due to the who bring into play cell phones at the same time as driving, drink and drive, etc. Due to this, most of the companies of automobiles tries to make available best Advanced Driver Assistance System (ADAS) to the customer to avoid the accidents. The lane detection approach is one of the method provided by automobile companies in ADAS, in which the vehicle must follows the lane. Therefore, there is less chance to get an accident. The information obtained from the lane is used to alert the driver. Therefore most of the researchers are attracted towards this field. But, due to the varying road circumstances, it is very difficult to detect the lane. The computer apparition and machine learning approaches are presents in most of the articles. In this article, we presents the deep learning scheme for identification of lane. There are two phases are presents in this work. In a first phase the image transformation is done and in second phase lane detection is occurred. At first, the proposed model gets the numerous lane pictures and changes the picture into its relating Bird's eye view picture by using Inverse perspective mapping transformation. The Deep Convolutional Neural Network (DCNN) classifier to identify the lane from the bird’s eye view image. The Earth Worm- Crow Search Algorithm (EW-CSA) is designed to help DCNN with the optimal weights. The DCNN classifier gets trained with the view picture from the bird’s eye image and the optimal weights are selected through newly developed EW-CSA algorithm. All these algorithms are performed in MATLAB. The simulation results shows that the exact detection of lane of road. Also, the accuracy, sensitivity, and specificity are calculated and its values are 0.99512, 0.9925, and 0.995 respectively.

Complete High Dimensional Inverse Characterization of Fractal Surfaces

2011 ◽  
Author(s):  
John G. Michopoulos ◽  
Athanasios Iliopoulos
Keyword(s):  
High Dimensional ◽  
Additional Parameter ◽  
The Road ◽  
Full Characterization ◽  
Elevation Data ◽  
Deformable Materials ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
Value Decomposition

The present paper describes a methodology for the inverse identification of the complete set of parameters associated with the Weirstrass-Mandelbrot (W-M) function that can describe any rough surface known by its profilometric or topographic data. Our effort is motivated by the need to determine the mechanical, electrical and thermal properties of contact surfaces between deformable materials that conduct electricity and heat and require an analytical representation of the surfaces involved. Our method involves utilizing a refactoring of the W-M function that permits defining the characterization problem as a high dimensional singular value decomposition problem for the determination of the so-called phases of the function. Coupled with this process is a second level exhaustive search that enables the determination of the density of the frequencies involved in defining the trigonometric functions involved in the definition of the W-M function. Our approach proves that this is the only additional parameter that needs to be determined for full characterization of the W-M function as the rest can be selected arbitrarily. Numerical applications of the proposed method on both synthetic and actual elevation data, validate the efficiency and the accuracy of the proposed approach. This approach constitutes a radical departure from the traditional fractal dimension characterization studies and opens the road for a very large number of applications.

Malaysian Transverse Rumble Strips: A Review and Recommendations for Practice

2015 ◽  
Vol 73 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
Mohd Hanifi Othman ◽  
Zaiton Haron ◽  
Mohd Rosli Hainin ◽  
Khairulzan Yahya ◽  
Haryati Yaacob ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Traffic Flow ◽  
Vehicle Speed ◽  
Personal Interview ◽  
The Road ◽  
Literature Source ◽  
Public Work ◽  
Public Work Department ◽  
Recommendations For Practice ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
Optical Vibration

Transverse rumble strips (TRS) is a common choice to reduce vehicle speed and increase driver alertness on roadway. TRS is a series of marked (either flat or raised) transverse bars placed across the road in direction of traffic flow. It functions to assist driver to become aware through optical, vibration and audible effect thus encouraging drivers to reduce speed and increase their alertness in order to face any hazard that may exist ahead. Although often being used, in reality TRS usage in Malaysia still has some aspects that can be improved. The purpose of this paper is to critically review the definition of thermoplastic TRS, its effectiveness, standard guidelines in Malaysia, thermoplastic materials and colour and also to propose the recommendation in regard practice of TRS in order to increase its effectiveness. Besides the available literature source in the light of the latest published findings, personal interview have been done to several authorities which are headquarter and district public work department, local municipal and university regarding TRS application guidelines and practice in Malaysia. The authors synthesize the available findings on the TRS performance and standard guidelines to propose some recommendations for a better application practice of TRS in particular in Malaysia. The proposal of all the findings hopefully would be beneficial to authorities in improving the practices of TRS. 

scholarly journals Geometrical Characterization of Yucatan Churches

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Isis Perez ◽  
Graça Vasconcelos ◽  
Paulo B. Lourenço
Keyword(s):  
Regression Analysis ◽  
Statistical Analysis ◽  
The South ◽  
Geometrical Characterization ◽  
Geometrical Features ◽  
Statistical Studies ◽  
Two Phases ◽  
Definition Of

<p>This paper presents the methodology used in the geometrical characterization of Yucatan churches. The main aim was to determine the geometrical features of the typical profile that represent with the best accuracy the churches with canon vaults built in the south of Mexico. The methodology was structure in two phases: (1) preliminary studies and definition of the database of the Yucatan churches and (2) statistical studies on the database. After the definition of the key parameters describing the typical profile of one nave Yucatan churches, a statistical analysis was carried out through regression analysis among the different parameters and definition of histograms for the variables. An attempt to describe the key parameters as a function of the span of the churches was also performed. Based on the results obtained, it seems that the Yucatan’s churches were built totally in an intuitive way as they do not present clear numerical relationships between geometrical key parameters.</p>

Alternative single-number indicator of longitudinal road unevenness

2009 ◽  
Vol 36 (3) ◽  
pp. 389-401 ◽  
Author(s):  
Oldřich Kropáč ◽  
Peter Múčka
Keyword(s):  
Subjective Rating ◽  
Vehicle Speed ◽  
International Roughness Index ◽  
The Road ◽  
Full Characterization ◽  
Power Spectral ◽  
Roughness Index ◽  
On The Road ◽  
Single Number

For the full characterization of the longitudinal road unevenness based on the road elevation power spectral density (PSD), at least two independent indicators are necessary: the unevenness index and the waviness. Yet, for road management purposes, single-number unevenness indicators are still required and a number of such indicators have been proposed to date. The main problem of this issue consists in an adequate combination of the two mentioned indicators to obtain a single indicator whose application would fulfil the requirements, which are sometimes contradictory. The importance of the interaction coupling between the road and the travelling vehicle, in which the vehicle speed also plays a significant role, is emphasized. An alternative single-number indicator is proposed based on the equivalent vibration response effect, which the uneven road causes on the traversing vehicle. Other approaches to this problem are briefly discussed using comparative examples, including the indirect approach, a proposal for the modification of the international roughness index (IRI), and an assessment of the subjective rating methods.

scholarly journals Descriptive and Functional Genomics in Acute Myeloid Leukemia (AML): Paving the Road for a Cure

Cancers ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (4) ◽  
pp. 748
Author(s):  
Hélène Pasquer ◽  
Maëlys Tostain ◽  
Nina Kaci ◽  
Blandine Roux ◽  
Lina Benajiba
Keyword(s):  
Functional Genomics ◽  
Myeloid Leukemia ◽  
Residual Disease ◽  
Genetic Sequencing ◽  
The Road ◽  
Genomic Studies ◽  
Molecular Prognosis ◽  
Molecular Landscape ◽  
Definition Of

Over the past decades, genetic advances have allowed a more precise molecular characterization of AML with the identification of novel oncogenes and tumor suppressors as part of a comprehensive AML molecular landscape. Recent advances in genetic sequencing tools also enabled a better understanding of AML leukemogenesis from the preleukemic state to posttherapy relapse. These advances resulted in direct clinical implications with the definition of molecular prognosis classifications, the development of treatment recommendations based on minimal residual disease (MRD) measurement and the discovery of novel targeted therapies, ultimately improving AML patients’ overall survival. The more recent development of functional genomic studies, pushed by novel molecular biology technologies (short hairpin RNA (shRNA) and CRISPR-Cas9) and bioinformatics tools design on one hand, along with the engineering of humanized physiologically relevant animal models on the other hand, have opened a new genomics era resulting in a greater knowledge of AML physiopathology. Combining descriptive and functional genomics will undoubtedly open the road for an AML cure within the next decades.

scholarly journals Smartphone monitoring of in-ambulance vibration and noise

2021 ◽  
pp. 095441192098599
Author(s):  
Tom Partridge ◽  
Lorelei Gherman ◽  
David Morris ◽  
Roger Light ◽  
Andrew Leslie ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Transport Systems ◽  
Vertical Acceleration ◽  
Vehicle Speed ◽  
Noise Levels ◽  
The Road ◽  
Neonatal Transport ◽  
Mass Data ◽  
Transport Team ◽  
Vertical Accelerations ◽  
Noise Vibration

Transferring sick premature infants between hospitals increases the risk of severe brain injury, potentially linked to the excessive exposure to noise, vibration and driving-related accelerations. One method of reducing these levels may be to travel along smoother and quieter roads at an optimal speed, however this requires mass data on the effect of roads on the environment within ambulances. An app for the Android operating system has been developed for the purpose of recording vibration, noise levels, location and speed data during ambulance journeys. Smartphone accelerometers were calibrated using sinusoidal excitation and the microphones using calibrated pink noise. Four smartphones were provided to the local neonatal transport team and mounted on their neonatal transport systems to collect data. Repeatability of app recordings was assessed by comparing 37 journeys, made during the study period, along an 8.5 km single carriageway. The smartphones were found to have an accelerometer accurate to 5% up to 55 Hz and microphone accurate to 0.8 dB up to 80 dB. Use of the app was readily adopted by the neonatal transport team, recording more than 97,000 km of journeys in 1 year. To enable comparison between journeys, the 8.5 km route was split into 10 m segments. Interquartile ranges for vehicle speed, vertical acceleration and maximum noise level were consistent across all segments (within 0.99 m . s−1, 0.13 m · s−2 and 1.4 dB, respectively). Vertical accelerations registered were representative of the road surface. Noise levels correlated with vehicle speed. Android smartphones are a viable method of accurate mass data collection for this application. We now propose to utilise this approach to reduce potential harmful exposure, from vibration and noise, by routing ambulances along the most comfortable roads.

scholarly journals Cortical Activity Linked to Clocking in Deaf Adults: fNIRS Insights with Static and Animated Stimuli Presentation

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (2) ◽  
pp. 196
Author(s):  
Sébastien Laurent ◽  
Laurence Paire-Ficout ◽  
Jean-Michel Boucheix ◽  
Stéphane Argon ◽  
Antonio Hidalgo-Muñoz
Keyword(s):  
Near Infrared ◽  
Brain Activity ◽  
Time Estimation ◽  
Cognitive Effort ◽  
Deaf People ◽  
Vehicle Speed ◽  
Neural Basis ◽  
Functional Near Infrared Spectroscopy ◽  
The Road ◽  
Deaf Adults

The question of the possible impact of deafness on temporal processing remains unanswered. Different findings, based on behavioral measures, show contradictory results. The goal of the present study is to analyze the brain activity underlying time estimation by using functional near infrared spectroscopy (fNIRS) techniques, which allow examination of the frontal, central and occipital cortical areas. A total of 37 participants (19 deaf) were recruited. The experimental task involved processing a road scene to determine whether the driver had time to safely execute a driving task, such as overtaking. The road scenes were presented in animated format, or in sequences of 3 static images showing the beginning, mid-point, and end of a situation. The latter presentation required a clocking mechanism to estimate the time between the samples to evaluate vehicle speed. The results show greater frontal region activity in deaf people, which suggests that more cognitive effort is needed to process these scenes. The central region, which is involved in clocking according to several studies, is particularly activated by the static presentation in deaf people during the estimation of time lapses. Exploration of the occipital region yielded no conclusive results. Our results on the frontal and central regions encourage further study of the neural basis of time processing and its links with auditory capacity.

scholarly journals Experimental Evaluation of Shear Behavior of Stone Masonry Wall

Materials ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (9) ◽  
pp. 2313
Author(s):  
Maria Luisa Beconcini ◽  
Pietro Croce ◽  
Paolo Formichi ◽  
Filippo Landi ◽  
Benedetta Puccini
Keyword(s):  
Shear Behavior ◽  
Stone Masonry ◽  
Masonry Walls ◽  
Mechanical Parameters ◽  
In Situ Tests ◽  
Capacity Curves ◽  
Historical Structures ◽  
Definition Of

The evaluation of the shear behavior of masonry walls is a first fundamental step for the assessment of existing masonry structures in seismic zones. However, due to the complexity of modelling experimental behavior and the wide variety of masonry types characterizing historical structures, the definition of masonry’s mechanical behavior is still a critical issue. Since the possibility to perform in situ tests is very limited and often conflicting with the needs of preservation, the characterization of shear masonry behavior is generally based on reference values of mechanical properties provided in modern structural codes for recurrent masonry categories. In the paper, a combined test procedure for the experimental characterization of masonry mechanical parameters and the assessment of the shear behavior of masonry walls is presented together with the experimental results obtained on three stone masonry walls. The procedure consists of a combination of three different in situ tests to be performed on the investigated wall. First, a single flat jack test is executed to derive the normal compressive stress acting on the wall. Then a double flat jack test is carried out to estimate the elastic modulus. Finally, the proposed shear test is performed to derive the capacity curve and to estimate the shear modulus and the shear strength. The first results obtained in the experimental campaign carried out by the authors confirm the capability of the proposed methodology to assess the masonry mechanical parameters, reducing the uncertainty affecting the definition of capacity curves of walls and consequently the evaluation of seismic vulnerability of the investigated buildings.

Fundamental relations and identities of fuzzy hyperalgebras

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-10
Author(s):  
Narjes Firouzkouhi ◽  
Abbas Amini ◽  
Chun Cheng ◽  
Mehdi Soleymani ◽  
Bijan Davvaz
Keyword(s):  
Universal Algebra ◽  
Equivalence Relation ◽  
Polynomial Function ◽  
Equivalence Relations ◽  
Fundamental Relation ◽  
Term Function ◽  
Biological Phenomena ◽  
Definition Of

Inspired by fuzzy hyperalgebras and fuzzy polynomial function (term function), some homomorphism properties of fundamental relation on fuzzy hyperalgebras are conveyed. The obtained relations of fuzzy hyperalgebra are utilized for certain applications, i.e., biological phenomena and genetics along with some elucidatory examples presenting various aspects of fuzzy hyperalgebras. Then, by considering the definition of identities (weak and strong) as a class of fuzzy polynomial function, the smallest equivalence relation (fundamental relation) is obtained which is an important tool for fuzzy hyperalgebraic systems. Through the characterization of these equivalence relations of a fuzzy hyperalgebra, we assign the smallest equivalence relation α i 1 i 2 ∗ on a fuzzy hyperalgebra via identities where the factor hyperalgebra is a universal algebra. We extend and improve the identities on fuzzy hyperalgebras and characterize the smallest equivalence relation α J ∗ on the set of strong identities.

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