PEMIKIRAN ABDULLAH SAEED TENTANG RIBA DAN IMPLIKASINYA TERHADAP HUKUM BUNGA BANK

When the discussion about the prohibition of bank interest law was crowded, Abdullah Saeed came up with an alternative thought. For Saeed, bank interest does not fall into the category of riba as many voices say today. Therefore, this study aims to answer several questions: how is the concept of riba in Saeed's thinking; how is that thought correlated with the law of bank interest; and what is the legal methodology that Saeed used to produce his opinion. To answer this question, this study uses a literature source in the form of Abdullah Saeed's writings and is supported by other relevant sources. Analysis and presentation of data is a descriptive-analytic. This study finds that according to Saeed, the interest system applied by modern banking is completely different from the riba system at the time of the Prophet Muhammad that actually has its roots in pre-Islamic times. In expressing this opinion, Saeed uses a historical approach to the texts that talk about riba, then uses the theory of wisdom which in some respects is similar to the theory of qiyas in the terminology of conventional Islamic law.

Poles in Belgium and the question of rebirth of an independent Polish state

The issue of the participation of Polish political emigration in the struggle for freedom and its comprehensive activity in the political, scientific and cultural spheres are reflected in the Polish (European) history, thus providing valuable research material for future generations. Polish post-partition emigres, especially after the major national uprisings, was concentrated mainly in France, England and Belgium. Polish emigration in Belgium, similar to some extent to emigration in France – albeit smaller in number – was constituted by the Polish colony, represented, among others, by soldiers seeking refuge after the November Uprising (including several dozen officers, e.g. Ignacy Kruszewski, Feliks Prot de Pruszyński, Jan Zygmunt Skrzynecki, Władysław Zamoyski) and representatives of culture and science, Joachim Lelewel (an outstanding Polish historian, spiritual guide in an exile democratic camp), Stanisław Worcell (thinker and social activist of the Great Emigration) and many other outstanding Poles. The aim of this article is to present the role of Polish emigration in Belgium, its contribution to the struggle for Poland’s independence, and to draw attention to the scholarly dispute surrounding the Great Emigration between Polish and Belgian historians regarding the effects of “politics in exile” and the question of the heroism of Polish patriots in exile. These considerations are a contribution to a broader discussion and an encouragement to a deeper penetration of the literature (source materials) on the Great Emigration, especially, if it concerns Belgium, available in foreign languages – French and Dutch.

Social responsibility in smoke-free air policy

This article aims to identify social responsibility of stakeholder in the implementation of smoke-free area policy in relation to Surakarta City’s development as Child-friendly City. This research employed literature review method. Literature source comes from scientific journals, research reports, credible website, and news portal. To identify the dimensions of social responsibility, it is traced from the criteria developed by The United Nations Guiding Principles on Business and Human Rights, the Global Impact of the United Nations, and ISO 26000. From the result of research, it can be concluded that there is interconnected economic-political interests between city government and Cigarette Company making the fulfillment of children’s right to the smoke-free region not the priority.

Machine Assisted Experimentation of Extrusion-Based Bioprinting Systems

Optimization of extrusion-based bioprinting (EBB) parameters have been systematically conducted through experimentation. However, the process is time- and resource-intensive and not easily translatable to other laboratories. This study approaches EBB parameter optimization through machine learning (ML) models trained using data collected from the published literature. We investigated regression-based and classification-based ML models and their abilities to predict printing outcomes of cell viability and filament diameter for cell-containing alginate and gelatin composite bioinks. In addition, we interrogated if regression-based models can predict suitable extrusion pressure given the desired cell viability when keeping other experimental parameters constant. We also compared models trained across data from general literature to models trained across data from one literature source that utilized alginate and gelatin bioinks. The results indicate that models trained on large amounts of data can impart physical trends on cell viability, filament diameter, and extrusion pressure seen in past literature. Regression models trained on the larger dataset also predict cell viability closer to experimental values for material concentration combinations not seen in training data of the single-paper-based regression models. While the best performing classification models for cell viability can achieve an average prediction accuracy of 70%, the cell viability predictions remained constant despite altering input parameter combinations. Our trained models on bioprinting literature data show the potential usage of applying ML models to bioprinting experimental design.

REVITALIZING ESSENCE AND URGENCY OF PANCASILA IN THE ERA OF GLOBALIZATION AND INDUSTRIAL REVOLUTION 4.0

Background : With the progress and development of technology, the ideology of Pancasila as the guide, cornerstone, and identity of the nation faces various challenges from time to time. Many new ideologies emerged due to the rapid flow of globalization, characterized by the influx of foreign cultures so that national cultures began to be abandoned. As a result, it causes the dilution of the essence and behavior that looks about the appreciation of Pancasila that began to fade. Therefore Pancasila must be maintained as an ideology, especially in the people's perception toward the Industry Revolution 4.0 era. Based on the problem above, the researcher determines the question : How to create citizens with Pancasila insight and maintain the existence of Pancasila in the era of globalization and revolution 4.0? Purpose : The purpose on this article is to explore the role of Pancasila values and generating human resources with Pancasila personality in facing the globalitation and Industrial Revolution 4.0 era. Method : The method used in this study is literature review by collecting information and facts from various sources related to the discussion. Literature source search carried out with the help of google with the keyword “Pancasila”, “Revitalization”, “Industrial Revolution “ , and “Globalization”. In the end, there are 12 articles used as a literature source. Results : It shows that the ideology of Pancasila should be a binding force for all legal subjects in Indonesia. It means that every subject of state law should practice Pancasila and carry out all its segmental functions in realizing the ideals of the nation. Therefore, In the era of Globalization and the Industrial Revolution 4.0, putting back the position of Pancasila as the basis of the philosophy of the Indonesian state is an important ultimatum for estimating the upheavals in human life today which are undergoing rapid changes.

Analyzing Pancasila Characters in the Life of the 21st Young Generation

Introduction: Pancasila was born as the ideology of the Indonesian nation, which reflects the values cultural values, ethics, morals, and the spirit of the nation. Pancasila was born as a form of national character, which reflects divinity, nationality, unity, togetherness, and justice. The purpose of this research is to know the practice of Pancasila values ​​in the life of the nation and the state. Especially, the implementation of the life of the younger generation in the 21st century today. Methods: This study is literature research where data is collected using keywords in the database. Literature source search carried out with the help of Boolean operators and using the PICOS format. The results of selecting articles, using PRISMA Flow Diagrams. The search results found 125 articles that match the research theme. After checking for duplication, 82 articles were excluded because of the similarity in the results of the discussion. In the end, there were 43 articles used as a literature source. Results: Based on the analysis of research findings, which are supported by literature sources, it shows that the current values ​​of Pancasila are worrying. This can be seen, where people's behavior has been contaminated by external cultures due to technological sophistication. At present, it can be said that the ethics and morals of society do not reflect the values ​​of Pancasila. Conclusion: In order to re-install the values ​​of Pancasila in people's lives, the participation of all parties is necessary. This is especially so, for today's younger generation. Therefore, it is necessary to develop a model for teaching Pancasila to be carried out by schools and colleges. So that later, it can produce a generation of ethics and morals who love the country.

Institutional identity of pedagogical education: problems and development trends

Introduction. The ongoing geopolitical and socio-economic global changes, undoubtedly, have a strong impact on educational systems in general and on the paradigm of pedagogical education in particular. The ability of educational ecosystems to anticipate possible changes, respond to them in a timely manner, and, ideally, to make these changes manageable, seems to be relevant. Materials and methods. Content analysis of pedagogical literature, source study method, comparative description, binary analysis, linguistic analysis. Results. The analysis of socio-cultural and educational tendencies, as well as the university trends and the actual trends in pedagogical education, let the authors conclude that pedagogical education faces an institutional crisis. Discussion. The post-critical phase of development of the pedagogical university’s institutional identity is represented by a stage of formation and implementation of a new institutional model of pedagogical education – Open Pedagogical Education of the Future (OPEF). The open transregional project-based educational institution trains personnel for constructing a knowledge economy; it is an innovational basic centre for improving pedagogues’ professional mastery, as well as a resource centre for advanced educational projects providing systemic training of innovation agents. Conclusion. The open pedagogical education of the future should become a basis for creating a new manageable educational and pedagogical reality which, in turn, will become a foundation of the new pedagogy.

Theoretical Aspects of Sustainable Development (SD) and Industrial Energy (IE)

The theoretical assumption of Sustainable Development (SD) is gradually beginning to be applied in various industrial segments. One on the segments is industrial energy, which is significantly utilized and intuitively comprehended even though there is no full explanation of its phenomena. The main aim of this research contribution is to discuss the theoretical assumptions of SD and Industrial Energy (IE). This paper considers critically all the issues of permanence since it incorporates the environmental and social needs for ecological development. In addition, overall characterized, the major segments of these theoretical assumptions are based on critical analysis of the literature source.

FEMINISME PADA NOVEL SURGA YANG TAK DIRINDUKAN KARYA ASMA NADIA

The purpose of this study was to describe (1) the views gender of women in the novel Heaven is Not Missed by Nadia, Asma on several aspects of their live; (2) the gender injustice suffered by women in the Novel Heaven is Not Missed by Nadia, Asma: (3 ) women ‘s resistance in the Novel Heaven is Not Missed by Nadia, Asmaagainst injustice they live. The research uses a sociological approach. Theoretical basis used is (1) the concept of feminism studies, (2) the concept of women ‘s perspectives, (3) the concept of women and injustice, (4) the concept of women ‘s resistance in the literature. Source of data used (1) Novel Heaven is Not Missed by Nadia. The technique used in collect the data is reading and note technic. Data analysis was performed based on techniques in conducting studies of feminism, namely (1) identifying one or more female characters in a literature, (2) examine another character, especially male figures relating to the female characters in the literature, (3) observing the am rude of the writer in the literary work. Based on the analysis, obtained : (1) the view gender that there are women in the Novel Heaven is Not missed by Nadia, Asma (2) form of gender injustice experienced by women in the Novel Heaven is not missed by Nadia, Asma, (3) resistance of women in the Novel Heaven is Not Missed by Nadia, Asma.

The legal status and the role of the Bank of Russia in providing economic sovereignity of the Russian Federation

The Bank of Russia is the legal entity which, apart of the other organs of state authorities, acts as the organ of state governing with remarkable role in exibiting the functions of Russian state and insufficiently precisely determined status in accordance to the state authorities and law entities. In this work the investigation is directed to the relationship between the legal position of the Bank of Russia and its role in providing the economic sovereignty of the Russian Federation. The aim of the work is to explore the legal position of main bank in monetary system and its role in providing the economic sovereignty of the Russian Federation on the basis of systematization and reliable literature source norm analysis, applying the comparative-law method, as well as the method of legal exegesis and content analysis. The results of survey imply to the presence of different attitudes to the legal position of the Bank of Russia. Insufficiently determined legal position of the Bank of Russia brings to disballance of measures and activities of executive authorities and the Bank of Russia, which has a negative influence on providing the full economic sovereignty, self-developement of the country and greater social benefits, in spite of the fact that the Bank of Russia is mostly independent from the state authorities having a comfortable position in civil transit affairs.