Nanomechanics of Electrospun Fibers for Tissue Engineering

2010 ◽  
Author(s):  
Stephen Baker ◽  
Justin Sigley ◽  
Christine Carlisle ◽  
Joel Stitzel ◽  
Joel Berry ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Tissue Engineering ◽  
Mechanical Behavior ◽  
Material Properties ◽  
Cellular Response ◽  
Tissue Scaffolds ◽  
Accurate Prediction ◽  
Electrospun Fibers ◽  
Electrospun Scaffolds ◽  
Basic Understanding

Understanding the material properties of the nanofibers comprising electrospun scaffolds for tissue engineering will elucidate the mechanotransduction of cells seeded onto and attached those scaffolds. The overall mechanical properties of any structure built from fibers depend on 1) the architecture, 2) the properties of the constituent single fibers, and 3) the junctions between fibers. All three must be known to design a structure with predictable mechanical properties. We hypothesize that a basic understanding of the nanolevel mechanical properties of individual electrospun fibers will enable accurate prediction of the overall cellular response and bulk mechanical behavior of electrospun tissue scaffolds.

Modeling and Assessment of Porosity Effects on Mechanical Properties of Tissue Scaffolds

2006 ◽  
Author(s):  
W. M. Parks ◽  
Y. B. Guo ◽  
K. A. Woodbury
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Finite Element ◽  
Mechanical Behavior ◽  
Tissue Scaffolds ◽  
Materials Testing ◽  
Mechanical Behaviors ◽  
Fea Model ◽  
Pore Architecture ◽  
Static Mechanical ◽  
Scaffold Architecture

Mechanical properties of scaffolds are important for fabricating engineered tissues. However, localized mechanical properties of scaffold cannot be directly obtained from experiments. This study provides a solid modeling approach to simulate mechanical behaviors of alginate scaffolds with different porosity. A scaffold micro-domain has been modeled as made of sub-units, arranged in a sphere-based pore architecture. An expression to calculate porosity was also derived for the scaffold architecture. Finite element simulations of compressing alginate scaffolds were performed to evaluate the effect of porosity on quasi-static mechanical behavior. The developed FEA model is capable of computing scaffold strength and predicting localized mechanical behavior without destructive materials testing.

Tailoring in vitro biological and mechanical properties of polyvinyl alcohol reinforced with threshold carbon nanotube concentration for improved cellular response

RSC Advances ◽  
2016 ◽  
Vol 6 (46) ◽  
pp. 39982-39992 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tejinder Kaur ◽  
Arunachalam Thirugnanam
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Tissue Engineering ◽  
Carbon Nanotube ◽  
Polyvinyl Alcohol ◽  
Bone Tissue ◽  
Cellular Response ◽  
Natural Bone ◽  
Tissue Constructs ◽  
Living Bone

The development of living bone tissue constructs with structural, mechanical and functional similarities to natural bone are the major challenges in bone tissue engineering.

Multiscale-Based Simulations of Longitudinal Mechanical Behaviors of Single-Walled Carbon Nanotubes Reinforced Polymer Nanocomposites

2013 ◽  
Author(s):  
James Han ◽  
Yu-Fu Ko ◽  
Hsien-Yang Yeh
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Carbon Nanotubes ◽  
Mechanical Behavior ◽  
Polymer Nanocomposites ◽  
Polymer Matrix ◽  
Material Properties ◽  
Single Walled Carbon Nanotubes ◽  
Single Walled Carbon ◽  
Reinforced Polymer ◽  
Walled Carbon Nanotubes

Longitudinal elastic mechanical behavior of the armchair and zigzag single-walled carbon nanotubes (SWCNTs) and the SWCNTs reinforced polymer nanocomposites are investigated. Finite element analysis (FEA) models of the SWCNTs and the SWCNTs reinforced polymer nanocomposites are developed utilizing multiscale modeling technique along with molecular structural mechanics (MSM), which provides material properties at molecular scale and establishes relations between the steric potential energy and the classic structural mechanics. Material properties of C-C bond were obtained using multiscale-based modeling method with the consideration of shear deformation. In addition, for the interphase layer interaction between the carbon molecules of SWCNTs and the molecules of polymer matrix, multiscale-based modeling method was utilized to obtain the stiffness of nonlinear spring elements representing the van der Waals interaction. It is observed that the mechanical behavior of the SWCNTs reinforced polymer nanocomposites is dictated by the mechanical behavior of the SWCNTs embedded in the polymer matrix. Furthermore, varying radius and length of the SWCNTs would affect the longitudinal elastic mechanical properties of the SWCNTs reinforced polymer nanocomposites. Specifically, the simulation results had demonstrated that longitudinal elastic mechanical properties of the SWCNTs reinforced polymer nanocomposites would vary due to different loading conditions applied, i.e., discrete and continuous loading conditions.

scholarly journals Design of graphene oxide/gelatin electrospun nanocomposite fibers for tissue engineering applications

RSC Advances ◽  
2016 ◽  
Vol 6 (110) ◽  
pp. 109150-109156 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sakthivel Nagarajan ◽  
Céline Pochat-Bohatier ◽  
Catherine Teyssier ◽  
Sébastien Balme ◽  
Philippe Miele ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Tissue Engineering ◽  
Graphene Oxide ◽  
Cell Viability ◽  
Significant Influence ◽  
Cell Attachment ◽  
Electrospun Fibers ◽  
Engineering Applications ◽  
Nanocomposite Fibers

2D graphene oxide (GO) is used to enhance the mechanical properties of gelatin electrospun fibers. The GO does not show any significant influence on cell viability and cell attachment even though the expression of osteoblast gene is affected.

Electrospun Poly(ε-Caprolactone)/Bovine Hydroxyapatite (BHA) Composite Nanofibers for Bone Tissue Engineering

2016 ◽  
Vol 720 ◽  
pp. 228-233 ◽  
Author(s):  
Memduh Kagan Keler ◽  
Sibel Daglilar ◽  
Oguzhan Gunduz
Keyword(s):  
Tissue Engineering ◽  
Mechanical Behavior ◽  
Bone Tissue Engineering ◽  
Bone Tissue ◽  
Composite Nanofibers ◽  
Crystalline Polymer ◽  
Tissue Scaffolds ◽  
Bovine Hydroxyapatite ◽  
Degradation Properties ◽  
Composite Designs

Tissue engineering applications have opened a different future-promising era for critical injuries, defects and diseases. Bone tissue engineering is the part of tissue engineering which aims to stir up new practical bone re-formation via the interactive combination of biomaterials and cells. Poly (e-caprolactone) (PCL) is a unique semi crystalline polymer material which handles several important features such as biocompatibility, high biomedical durability and degradation properties. Bovine hydroxyapatite (BHA) is another biocompatible material which provides to get ultimate mechanical behavior in composite designs. Because of their high biocompatibility, PCL and BHA were integrated the electrospinning system together. The system was revised for multi-feeding needle equipment. Eight dissimilar tissue scaffolds were produced and investigated for this recent work.

Bicomponent Fibrous Scaffolds of Controlled Composition for Tissue Engineering Applications

2009 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jia-Chen Kang ◽  
Min Wang ◽  
Xiao-Yan Yuan
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Tissue Engineering ◽  
Degradation Rate ◽  
Therapeutic Agents ◽  
Angle Measurement ◽  
Electrospun Fibers ◽  
Experimental Setup ◽  
Scanning Calorimetry ◽  
Tissue Engineering Scaffolds ◽  
Fibrous Scaffolds

Electrospinning has been widely studied for constructing tissue engineering scaffolds because of the morphological and size effects of electrospun fibers on cell behavior. Research on electrospun tissue engineering scaffolds has been based mainly on using solutions of single polymer or blends of polymers dissolved in common solvents, which has put limitations to scaffolds that can be built. There is an increasing need for using the multi-source and multi-power electrospinning approach to fabricate multicomponent fibrous scaffolds because these scaffolds have great potential for tissue engineering and controlled (drug) release applications. In the present study, bicomponent fibrous scaffolds were fabricated through dual-source and dual-power electrospinning using poly(L-lactic acid) (PLLA) and gelatin polymers. The experimental setup ensured that the solution and electrospinning parameters for each electrospun fibrous component were controlled separately and hence the morphology of electrospun fibers could be controlled and optimized. By adjusting the number of syringes that fed polymer solutions, the composition of bicomponent scaffolds (i.e. the weight percentage of gelatin varying from 0 to 100%) could also be controlled. Such controls would yield scaffolds of desired properties (hydrophilicity, degradation rate, strength, etc.) After electrospinning, pure gelatin scaffolds and bicomponent scaffolds were crosslinked by glutaraldehyde (GA) and genipin, respectively, using different crosslinking methods. Both crosslinked and non-crosslinked scaffolds were studied using various techniques (scanning electron microscopy (SEM) for scaffold morphology, differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) for polymer crystallinity, contact angle measurement for hydrophilicity, tensile testing for mechanical properties and crosslinking efficiency, etc.). It was found that the bicomponent scaffolds were more hydrophilic than pure PLLA scaffolds due to the presence of gelatin fibers. The tensile strength of bicomponent scaffolds was also increased after crosslinking. Using our experimental setup, bicomponent scaffolds could be constructed for tissue engineering with enhanced mechanical properties, biocompatibility and biodegradability. Furthermore, in the bicomponent scaffolds, while PLLA fibers could act as the structural component with a slower degradation rate, the gelatin fibers could be used as a carrier for therapeutic agents (drugs and therapeutic biomolecules). With controlled degrees of the crosslinking of gelatin, the release of therapeutic agents from gelatin fibers would be controlled.

The Influence of Material Properties and Confinement on the Dynamic Penetration of Alumina by Hard Spheres

2009 ◽  
Vol 76 (5) ◽  
Author(s):  
Z. Wei ◽  
A. G. Evans ◽  
V. S. Deshpande
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Constitutive Model ◽  
Material Properties ◽  
Inelastic Deformation ◽  
Hard Spheres ◽  
Inelastic Strain ◽  
Experimental Measurements ◽  
Basic Understanding ◽  
Simulation Protocol ◽  
Dynamic Penetration

The ability of a ceramic to resist penetration by projectiles depends, in a coupled manner, on its confinement and its mechanical properties. In order to explore the fundamental inter-relationships, a simulation protocol is required that permits the microstructure and normative properties (hardness and toughness) to be used as input parameters. Potential for attaining this goal has been provided by a recent constitutive model, devised by Deshpande and Evans (DE) [2008, “Inelastic Deformation and Energy Dissipation in Ceramics: A Mechanics-Based Dynamic Constitutive Model,” J. Mech. Phys. Solids, 56, pp. 3077–3100] that incorporates the contributions to the inelastic strain from both plasticity and microcracking. Before implementing the DE model, various comparisons with experimental measurements are required. Previously, the model has been successfully used to predict the quasistatic penetration of alumina by hard spheres. In the present assessment, simulations of the dynamic penetration of confined alumina cylinders are presented as a function of microstructure and properties and compared with literature measurements of the ballistic mass efficiency. It is shown that the model replicates the measured trends with hardness and grain size. Motivated by this comparison, further simulations are used to gain a basic understanding of the respective roles of plasticity and microcracking on penetration and to elucidate the phenomena governing projectile defeat.

Multi-scale Characterization and Modelling of Human Cortical Bone

2005 ◽  
Vol 898 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marie-Christine Ho Ba Tho ◽  
Claude Stolz ◽  
Maximilien Vanleene ◽  
Sabine Bensamoun ◽  
Jean-Marc Treutenaere ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Mechanical Behavior ◽  
Cortical Bone ◽  
Structural Characteristics ◽  
Multi Scale ◽  
Human Cortical Bone ◽  
Physico Chemical ◽  
Basic Understanding ◽  
Scale Characterization ◽  
Different Levels

AbstractMechanical properties of cortical human bone have been investigated for more than over three decades. The objectives of the present study were 1) to investigate the influence of multiscale structural characteristics of the bone tissue on its mechanical behavior and 2) to perform a micro-macro numerical modelling based on the experimental data. It should be noted that variations of the osteon lamellae elastic properties are higher (40%) at the microstructural level than those found at the macroscopic level (about 15%) for measurements performed in the same anatomical direction. Physico-chemical analyses found that organic components were found to be higher for femurs exhibiting lower mechanical properties. There is a consistency between changes observed at the different levels. These results contribute to a basic understanding of the multiscale mechanical behavior of human cortical bone.

scholarly journals Influence of Crosslinking on the Mechanical Behavior of 3D Printed Alginate Scaffolds: Experimental and Numerical Approaches

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Saman Naghieh ◽  
Mohammad Reza Karamooz-Ravari ◽  
Md Sarker ◽  
Eva Karki ◽  
Xiongbiao Chen
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Elastic Modulus ◽  
Mechanical Behavior ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Decisive Role ◽  
Element Model ◽  
Tissue Scaffolds ◽  
3D Bioprinting ◽  
3D Printed ◽  
Numerical Approaches

Tissue scaffolds fabricated by three-dimensional (3D) bioprinting are attracting considerableattention for tissue engineering applications. Because the mechanical properties of hydrogelscaffolds should match the damaged tissue, changing various parameters during 3D bioprintinghas been studied to manipulate the mechanical behavior of the resulting scaffolds. Crosslinkingscaffolds using a cation solution (such as CaCl2) is also important for regulating the mechanicalproperties, but has not been well documented in the literature. Here, the effect of variedcrosslinking agent volume and crosslinking time on the mechanical behavior of 3D bioplottedalginate scaffolds was evaulated using both experimental and numerical methods. Compressiontests were used to measure the elastic modulus of each scaffold, then a finite element model wasdeveloped and a power model used to predict scaffold mechanical behavior. Results showed thatcrosslinking time and volume of crosslinker both play a decisive role in modulating the mechanicalproperties of 3D bioplotted scaffolds. Because mechanical properties of scaffolds can affect cellresponse, the findings of this study can be implemented to modulate the elastic modulus ofscaffolds according to the intended application.

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