Design Robustness Saves Marco Polo Oil SCR During Its Installation

2004 ◽  
Author(s):  
Basim B. Mekha ◽  
Enda O’Sullivan ◽  
Andre Nogueira
Keyword(s):  
Water Depth ◽  
Oil And Gas ◽  
Original Design ◽  
High Tension ◽  
Marco Polo ◽  
Oil Export ◽  
Pipe Joints ◽  
Departure Angle ◽  
Bad Weather

The Marco Polo TLP, located in Green Canyon Block 608 in 4300 ft water depth exports oil and gas through 12-inch oil and 18-inch gas export SCRs that are connected to Marco Polo 14-inch oil and 18inch/20-inch gas export pipelines. Following completion of the installation of the 14-inch oil export pipeline and during the installation of the 12-inch oil export SCR on the seabed (with about 3,000 ft or 77 SCR pipe joints still to go), the operation had to be abandoned due to bad weather and the SCR pipe lowered to the seabed. During the abandonment operation, a high tension event occurred, causing the transition joint between the 14-inch and 12-inch pipes to slide by about 820 ft toward the TLP. This would have the effect of changing the touchdown position along the SCR and consequently the Three Layer Polyethylene abrasion coating would not be located at the at the touchdown to perform its function. In order to move the SCR touchdown area at least partially to the TLPE region, it was decided that four extra joints would be welded to the SCR resulting in the SCR departure angle to changing from 12 degrees to 10 degrees. This paper presents the methodology used for the original design of the oil export SCR and the design robustness, flexibility and margins that allowed for the design to be modified in the last minutes without compromising the integrity of the SCR. The paper also discuss the steps taken to ensure that the modified design is acceptable and within the code requirements. Some strength and fatigue results are presented.

Stability of offshore structures in shallow water depth

2011 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
pp. 320-333
Author(s):  
F. Van den Abeele ◽  
J. Vande Voorde
Keyword(s):  
Shallow Water ◽  
Water Depth ◽  
Fossil Fuels ◽  
Oil And Gas ◽  
Structural Response ◽  
Offshore Structures ◽  
Exploration And Production ◽  
Subsea Pipelines ◽  
Wave Induced ◽  
Shallow Water Depth

The worldwide demand for energy, and in particular fossil fuels, keeps pushing the boundaries of offshoreengineering. Oil and gas majors are conducting their exploration and production activities in remotelocations and water depths exceeding 3000 meters. Such challenging conditions call for enhancedengineering techniques to cope with the risks of collapse, fatigue and pressure containment.On the other hand, offshore structures in shallow water depth (up to 100 meter) require a different anddedicated approach. Such structures are less prone to unstable collapse, but are often subjected to higherflow velocities, induced by both tides and waves. In this paper, numerical tools and utilities to study thestability of offshore structures in shallow water depth are reviewed, and three case studies are provided.First, the Coupled Eulerian Lagrangian (CEL) approach is demonstrated to combine the effects of fluid flowon the structural response of offshore structures. This approach is used to predict fluid flow aroundsubmersible platforms and jack-up rigs.Then, a Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) analysis is performed to calculate the turbulent Von Karmanstreet in the wake of subsea structures. At higher Reynolds numbers, this turbulent flow can give rise tovortex shedding and hence cyclic loading. Fluid structure interaction is applied to investigate the dynamicsof submarine risers, and evaluate the susceptibility of vortex induced vibrations.As a third case study, a hydrodynamic analysis is conducted to assess the combined effects of steadycurrent and oscillatory wave-induced flow on submerged structures. At the end of this paper, such ananalysis is performed to calculate drag, lift and inertia forces on partially buried subsea pipelines.

scholarly journals Augmented Reality for Pipe Thread Connection Type Training

2021 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
pp. 17-28
Author(s):  
Ravi Wiyantoko ◽  
Ahmad Hamim Thohari ◽  
Muhammad Dzuhri Maarief
Keyword(s):  
Augmented Reality ◽  
Oil And Gas ◽  
3D Visualization ◽  
Ground Level ◽  
Application Development ◽  
Thread Connection ◽  
Steel Pipes ◽  
Multimedia Development ◽  
Pipe Joints ◽  
Connection Type

The process of extracting oil and gas is carried out by drilling with a depth of more than 200 meters below the surface of the ground, so one steel pipe is needed to run the process. The manufacture of steel pipes for the opening process has special standards, one of which is a long pipe. To reach a depth of 200 meters below the ground level, a pipe connection is needed to reach that height. The method of connecting the pipes is called the Thread Connection Type. This method has more than 20 types of threads to be applied in pipe joints. To facilitate the discussion of the types of threads and their specifications, we need a technology that can be used interactive and mobile learning media to deliver detailed information on the type of thread. The author uses the use of Augmented Reality (AR) technology to be applied as an Android-based training media that can facilitate the existing Connection Thread along with special specifications with 3D visualization. This study aims to measure the validity and practicality of using ISO 25010 (in terms of functional suitability, performance efficiency, portability and usability) of learning media so that it is easier to understand and practical. The study consisted of two parts: 1) Validity by experts (5 experts), 2) Practicality by trainees or employees (16 participants) using the USE Questionnaire instrument. Furthermore, in application development using the Multimedia Development Life Cycle (MDLC) method as its development method. As a result, the application was declared feasible with the results of the percentage of experts Validity of 96% and Practicality by employees of 79%.

scholarly journals Elements constituent for the design of a riser system in areas deep water and extreme deep water applied for offshore drilling

2020 ◽  
Vol 6 (3) ◽  
pp. 127-144
Author(s):  
Marius STAN ◽  
◽  
Valentin Paul TUDORACHE ◽  
Lazăr AVRAM ◽  
Mohamed Iyad AL NABOULSI ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Working Conditions ◽  
Water Depth ◽  
Deep Water ◽  
Environmental Conditions ◽  
Oil And Gas ◽  
Operational Mode ◽  
Exploration And Exploitation ◽  
Offshore Drilling ◽  
The Stability ◽  
Marine Platform

Riser systems are integral components of the offshore developments used to recover oil and gas stored in the reservoirs below the earth’s oceans and seas. These riser systems are used in all facets of the development offshore process including exploration and exploitation wells completion/intervention, and production of the hydrocarbons. Their primary function is to facilitate the safe transportation of material, oil and gases between the seafloor oceans and seas and the marine platform. As the water depth increases, the working conditions of this system becomes challenging due to the complex forces and extreme environmental conditions which are impacting the operational mode as well as the stability. In this paper several aspects concerning riser mechanics and the behaviour of the riser column will be evaluated against different operational situations.

A Design Practice for Subsea Pipeline Subjected to UXO Hazards

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zhenhui Liu ◽  
Ragnar Igland ◽  
Sindre Bruaseth ◽  
Luca Ercoli-Malacari ◽  
Odd Arne Lillebø
Keyword(s):  
Survey Methods ◽  
Oil Field ◽  
Charge Weight ◽  
Unexploded Ordnance ◽  
Design Practice ◽  
Project Schedule ◽  
Original Design ◽  
Safety Distance ◽  
Oil Export ◽  
Explicit Solver

Abstract This paper presents a design practice for the oil export pipeline (OEP) of Johan Sverdrup Oil Field subjected to unexploded ordnance (UXO) hazards during the pipeline installation period. The UXO (unexploded ordnance) is a potential risk to the oil export pipeline due to its significant impulsive pressure load in a short time. Present paper discusses an unfavorable scenario in which the UXOs are identified during the pre-lay survey stage. It may (and it does) happen due to the survey methods chosen between the initial preliminary and the pre-lay survey. Consequently the original design pipeline routing has to be updated in order to minimize the UXOs’ potential damage to the pipeline. A safety distance between pipeline and UXOs shall be established and maintained. To achieve this, advanced numerical simulation was used for assessing the damage of pipeline under UXO explosion loads. The damage is sensitive to the charge weight and the distance between charge and pipeline. The pipeline route was updated accordingly based on the safety distance and actual locations of UXOs. The new route shall also fulfill all design checks. With the updated pipeline routing, the installation could continue without interruption of the project schedule. The identified UXOs will be subject to later removal before startup of production to further ensure the safety of installed pipeline. The overall design process is presented. Some simulation results from Abaqus Explicit solver are shown in the paper. Conclusions and discussions are included, which may be useful for similar projects in the future.

Rivalries may cap Libya's oil export potential

2016 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Revenue Management ◽  
Oil And Gas ◽  
Oil Production ◽  
Production Level ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Oil Export ◽  
New Challenges ◽  
Oil Company

Significance Libya's pre-revolution oil production level of around 1.6 million b/d has been disrupted by conflict since 2011. Impacts Further disputes over oil shipments and revenue management are likely. Field Marshal Khalifa Haftar and the Tobruk administration may also try to instigate new challenges to the National Oil Company. Under present conditions, only minor, place-holding investments in oil and gas will materialise. The GNA's credibility may further weaken.

Assessment of Life of Pressure Vessels and Pipes in Crude Oil and Gas Industries

2013 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Shahid Khalil ◽  
Sajjad Akbar
Keyword(s):  
Oil And Gas ◽  
Pressure Vessels ◽  
Life Assessment ◽  
Hydrogen Attack ◽  
Second Stage ◽  
Safe Life ◽  
Non Destructive Evaluation ◽  
Pipe Joints ◽  
Non Destructive ◽  
Corrosion Under Insulation

Fitness-for-service (FFS) assessments are quantitative engineering evaluations which are required to be preformed periodically in accordance with the published codes and standards to demonstrate the structural integrity of in-service components. This report summarizes the results of nondestructive in-service-inspection (ISI) of pressurized components conducted for condition assessment of the Dakhani Gas Processing Plant of Oil and Gas Development Corporation Ltd. (OGDCL) for the first time since its commissioning in December,1989. The non-destructive evaluation of the plant was required because of concerns for occurrence of sulphide-stress-cracking. Hydrogen embrittlement, hydrogen-including-cracking, weight-loss-corrosion, sulphur-stress-corrosion due to determental service conditions at Dakhani having low PH, High H2S, high chlorides and pressure of CO2. The results have shown that microstructural changes associated with first and second stage of hydrogen attack have occurred in almost all of the pipe joints and pressure vessels. Hardness of some vessels has even exceeded the NACE limit of 220 HB. Effect of second stage of hydrogen attack are dominant in pipe joints, resulting in loss of hardness and strength because of decarburization. The results based on ultrasonic attenuation monitoring also indicate degradation of components. Random rounded indications have also been observed in some pipe joints during X-Ray radiographic testing that could serve as sites for failure initiation. The corrosion-under-insulation is observed for joints of piping spreading over a significant length. Localized corrosion and pitting is also observed in some locations of pressure vessels and piping. Ultrasonic thickness gauging has shown a significant variation in thickness for dish end and shell of some pressure vessels as well as for various joints of piping. In absence of periodic ISI data for the plant and keeping in view the results of non-destructive evaluation summarized above, the end-of-life (EOL) assessment of pressure vessels and piping is not possible and operation of the plant should be continued with a degree of caution. Any estimate of safe life assessment of the plant made at this stage would require revision on the basis of observed level of degradation through essential periodic in-service monitoring. In order to cope with the situation, it is recommended that monitoring of further degradation of microstructure and hardness along with flaw growth should be carried out after a period of 8x103 hours. Necessary remedial measures for rectification of flaws are requested. Non-destructive strain gauging is recommended to estimate data for safe life assessment of pressure vessels. Thermographic scanning of on-line in-service insulated pipelines is proposed for monitoring corrosion-under-insulation during plant operation.

Evaluation of Key Hydraulic Tensioner Performance Parameters for Ultra Deep Water Applications

2008 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alan Yu ◽  
Yongming Cheng ◽  
Shankar Bhat
Keyword(s):  
Water Depth ◽  
Field Data ◽  
Coupling Effect ◽  
Performance Parameters ◽  
Joint Friction ◽  
High Tension ◽  
Floating System ◽  
Scale Test ◽  
Long Stroke ◽  
Fundamental Equations

Hydraulic tensioners are widely used to provide tension and stiffness to vertical risers on spar and tension leg platform floating production facilities. Their performance directly affects dynamic response of the risers and the global motions of the floating system. The coupling effect of the tensioners, risers and vessel becomes increasingly important as the water depth increases into the ultra deep. This paper evaluates key performance parameters of long-stroke high-tension hydraulic tensioners for ultra deepwater application. It derives the fundamental equations and evaluates key performance parameters and their impact on the riser and vessel responses. This paper also proposes data measurement locations and methods to collect field data for calibrating these key performance parameters for future hydraulic tensioner design. The key tensioner performance parameters are the gas constant and the cylinder friction. In addition for a typical spar riser configuration, the keel joint friction also plays an important role in the overall riser performance. Their importance increases as water depth increases to 8,000 feet and beyond due to the nature of the coupling effect, long stroke and high tension requirements. Gathering of full scale-test data for these parameters has been costly. With several 7000 to 8000 feet risers and tensioners to be installed in the next few years, a method of collecting field data and its analysis for calibrating against the current assumptions of these parameters is proposed.

New Approach to Pipeline Condition Monitoring of the Beatrice 16” Oil Export Line

2002 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gordon Short ◽  
Dave Flett
Keyword(s):  
Condition Monitoring ◽  
Oil And Gas ◽  
Integrated Approach ◽  
Detection Capability ◽  
New Approach ◽  
Pipeline Inspection ◽  
The Past ◽  
Oil Export ◽  
The Uk ◽  
Flux Leakage

The ability to detect corrosion within oil and gas pipelines has long been the preserve of the Intelligent or Smart Pig. These tools have evolved over the past 30 years into very sophisticated, but often expensive inspection options. Since 1994 RST Projects Limited, a Scottish based pipeline inspection company, has been pioneering the development of passive inspection tools that can be retrofitted to standard Cleaning or Utility Pigs. These tools are fundamentally different to traditional inspection pigs. Passive instruments (instruments which do not contain an active source or emitor, such as ultrasonic or magnetic flux leakage sensors), fitted to a Utility Pig are used to monitor its passage through a pipeline. Changes in the behaviour of the Utility Pig measured by these instruments have been demonstrated to reflect the condition of the pipeline. To date more than 40 projects, involving surveying some 4,000 km+ of operational pipelines have been completed. This paper presents the results of work undertaken to develop the first stages of a basic corrosion detection capability of the Smart Utility Pig tool. It does so by presenting findings from surveys of the 16” Beatrice Oil Export Pipeline, operated by Talisman Energy UK Limited. It also draws upon surveys carried out in other assets operated by Talisman in the UK. It explores how this technology when combined with other inspection methods offers the potential for a more integrated approach to routine pipeline condition monitoring.

scholarly journals Analysis of approaches for creating pipe connections in oil and gas equipment

2021 ◽  
Vol 2094 (4) ◽  
pp. 042012
Author(s):  
K A Bashmur ◽  
V A Kukartsev ◽  
V S Tynchenko ◽  
E G Kravcova ◽  
A V Kuznetsov ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Oil And Gas ◽  
Electron Beam Welding ◽  
Oil And Gas Industry ◽  
Subject Area ◽  
Gas Industry ◽  
Patent Review ◽  
Pipe Joints ◽  
The Subject ◽  
The Cost ◽  
Submerged Arc

Abstract The article deals with the problem of connecting pipelines in the oil and gas industry. One of the connection methods is resistance welding. Often, the use of this approach shows muted efficiency as it depends on the qualifications of the welder. A technique for creating flange (plane) connections with a pipe in the oil and gas industry is considered. The necessary equipment and types of welds within the considered area are considered. Thus, it is necessary to conduct a literature-patent review to find an alternative method for creating welded joints in oil and gas pipelines in order to increase the reliability of such joints and reduce the cost of production. The analysis of the subject area and the search for possible solutions to the problem posed were carried out. Various welding methods (manual electric arc, automatic submerged-arc welding, induction brazing, etc.) are considered and a comparison of the main welding methods is given, as well as the rationale for the use of electron beam welding to create such pipe joints.

scholarly journals Caisson Breakwater for LNG and Bulk Terminals: A Study on Limiting Wave Conditions for Caisson Installation

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yu Lin ◽  
Ghassan El Chahal ◽  
Yanlin Shao
Keyword(s):  
Water Depth ◽  
Oil And Gas ◽  
Numerical Study ◽  
Wave Structure ◽  
Viscous Drag ◽  
Viscous Effects ◽  
Drag Coefficients ◽  
Simplified Approach ◽  
Wave Conditions ◽  
General Guidance

Abstract As the worldwide oil and gas market continues to grow and environmental concerns with respect to in-port offloading of gas have increased, there has been a boom of interest in new liquefied natural gas LNG terminals in the past years. Loading - offloading operations at LNG and bulk terminals are generally protected by a breakwater to ensure high operability. For these terminals, caisson breakwaters are generally a preferred solution in water depth larger than 15 m due to its advantages compared to rubble mound breakwaters. The caisson installation is generally planned to be carried out in the period where sea conditions are relatively calm. However, many of these terminal locations are exposed to swell conditions, making the installation particularly challenging and subject to large downtime. There is no clear guidance on the caisson installation process rather than contractors’ experiences from different projects/sites. Therefore, studies are required in order to provide general guidance on the range of acceptable wave conditions for the installation operations and to have a better understanding of the influence of the caisson geometry. This paper presents a numerical study to determine the limiting wave conditions for caisson installing operations at larger water depth of 30–35 m for a confidential project along the African coast. Three caisson sizes/geometries are considered in order to assess and compare the wave-structure hydrodynamic interaction. The linear frequency-domain hydrodynamic analysis is performed for various seastates to determine the limiting wave conditions. Viscous effects due to flow separation at the sharp edges of the caisson are considered by using a stochastic linearization approach, where empirical drag coefficients are used as inputs. Parametric studies on caisson size and mooring stiffness are also presented, which can be used as a basis for future optimization. The uncertainty in the applied empirical viscous drag coefficients taken from the literature is examined by using a range of different drag coefficients. Further, the use of clearance-independent hydrodynamic coefficients (e.g. added mass and damping) may be questionable when the caisson is very close to the seabed, due to a possible strong interaction between caisson bottom and seabed. This effect is also checked quantitatively by a simplified approach. The findings of the study are presented in the form of curves and generalized to be used by designers and contractors for general guidance in future projects.

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