A Design Practice for Subsea Pipeline Subjected to UXO Hazards

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zhenhui Liu ◽  
Ragnar Igland ◽  
Sindre Bruaseth ◽  
Luca Ercoli-Malacari ◽  
Odd Arne Lillebø
Keyword(s):  
Survey Methods ◽  
Oil Field ◽  
Charge Weight ◽  
Unexploded Ordnance ◽  
Design Practice ◽  
Project Schedule ◽  
Original Design ◽  
Safety Distance ◽  
Oil Export ◽  
Explicit Solver

Abstract This paper presents a design practice for the oil export pipeline (OEP) of Johan Sverdrup Oil Field subjected to unexploded ordnance (UXO) hazards during the pipeline installation period. The UXO (unexploded ordnance) is a potential risk to the oil export pipeline due to its significant impulsive pressure load in a short time. Present paper discusses an unfavorable scenario in which the UXOs are identified during the pre-lay survey stage. It may (and it does) happen due to the survey methods chosen between the initial preliminary and the pre-lay survey. Consequently the original design pipeline routing has to be updated in order to minimize the UXOs’ potential damage to the pipeline. A safety distance between pipeline and UXOs shall be established and maintained. To achieve this, advanced numerical simulation was used for assessing the damage of pipeline under UXO explosion loads. The damage is sensitive to the charge weight and the distance between charge and pipeline. The pipeline route was updated accordingly based on the safety distance and actual locations of UXOs. The new route shall also fulfill all design checks. With the updated pipeline routing, the installation could continue without interruption of the project schedule. The identified UXOs will be subject to later removal before startup of production to further ensure the safety of installed pipeline. The overall design process is presented. Some simulation results from Abaqus Explicit solver are shown in the paper. Conclusions and discussions are included, which may be useful for similar projects in the future.

Omar Hill-300 MW Cogeneration Plant for Enhanced Oil Recovery

1986 ◽  
Author(s):  
Igor S. Ondryas ◽  
Charles O. Myers ◽  
William E. Hauhe
Keyword(s):  
Enhanced Oil Recovery ◽  
Oil Recovery ◽  
Oil Field ◽  
Operating Parameters ◽  
Plant Design ◽  
Cogeneration Plant ◽  
Project Schedule ◽  
Commercial Operation ◽  
Major Project ◽  
System Operating

The paper describes a gas turbine based cogeneration plant producing a nominal 300 MWe and 1.8 MM lb/h (0.82 MM kg/h) of 80 percent quality steam for enhanced oil recovery. The plant, which has been in commercial operation since August 18, 1985 is located in the Kern River Oil Field near Bakersfield, California. The plant is owned by the Kern River Cogeneration Company. The paper describes the plant design philosophy as well as the major system operating parameters. The discussion of the overall project schedule highlights the major project milestones.

Safe Operation of Jacket Platforms in a Major Oil Field in the North Sea

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ingar Scherf ◽  
Trine Hansen ◽  
Gudfinnur Sigurdsson
Keyword(s):  
Emergency Preparedness ◽  
Structural Integrity ◽  
Fatigue Cracks ◽  
Regulatory Compliance ◽  
Offshore Structures ◽  
Oil Field ◽  
Inspection Planning ◽  
Original Design ◽  
Safe Operation ◽  
Integrity Management

Offshore Structures operate for decades in extremely hostile environments. It is important during this period that the structural integrity is efficiently managed to ensure continuous and safe operation. Increased use of enhanced oil and gas recovery means it is likely that many existing installations will remain operational for a significant period beyond the original design life. The operator needs to capture, evaluate and, if necessary, mitigate design premise changes which inevitably occur during the life of a structure. Further, advances in knowledge and technology may imply changes in codes and standards as well as in analysis methodologies. Changes in corporate structures, transfer of operator responsibility and retirement of experienced engineers call for reliable means to transfer historical data and experience to new stakeholders. Effective emergency preparedness capabilities, structural integrity assessments and inspection planning presuppose that as-is analysis models and corresponding information are easily accessible. This paper presents an implementation of the in-service integrity management process described in the new revision of NORSOK standard N-005 [1] for a large fleet of jackets at the Norwegian Continental Shelf. The process, comprising management of design premise changes as well as state-of-the-art technical solutions over a range of disciplines, has enabled the operator to prolong the service life with decades at minimum investments. A structure integrity management system (SIMS) has been developed and digitized over years and streamlined to meet the needs and challenges in the operation and management of the jacket platforms. SIMS enables a rather lean organization to control the structural integrity status of all load-bearing structures at any time. Platform reinforcements and modifications along with other operational risk reducing measures like unman the platforms in severe storms enable continued use with the same level of safety as for new manned platforms. Advanced analyses are used to document regulatory compliance. Modern fatigue and reliability based inspection planning analyses have reduced the costs needed for inspection of fatigue cracks significantly. The benefits from the SIMS system are substantial and the resulting safety and productivity gains are apparent. The continuity of knowledge and experience is maintained, reducing risk to safety and regularity. The digital transformation related to management of structural integrity status as described in NORSOK standard N-005 is realized through SIMS.

An Oil Field Structural Integrity Assessment for Re-Qualification and Life Extension

2013 ◽  
Author(s):  
Abe Nezamian ◽  
Joshua Altmann
Keyword(s):  
Weight Control ◽  
Structural Integrity ◽  
Offshore Structures ◽  
Oil Field ◽  
Assessment Process ◽  
Performance Criteria ◽  
Life Extension ◽  
Original Design ◽  
Integrity Assessment ◽  
Design Life

The ageing of offshore infrastructure presents a constant and growing challenge for operators. Ageing is characterised by deterioration, change in operational conditions or accidental damages which, in the severe operational environment offshore, can be significant with serious consequences for installation integrity if not managed adequately and efficiently. An oil field consisting of twelve well head platforms, a living quarter platform (XQ), a flare platform (XFP) and a processing platform (XPA) are the focus of this paper, providing an overview of the integrity assessment process. In order to ensure technical and operational integrity of these ageing facilities, the fitness for service of these offshore structures needs to be maintained. Assessments of the structural integrity of thirteen identified platforms under existing conditions were undertaken as these platforms are either nearing the end of their design life or have exceeded more than 50% of their design life. Information on history, characteristic data, condition data and inspection results were collected to assess the current state and to predict the future state of the facility for possible life extension. The information included but was not limited to as built data, brown fields modifications, additional risers and clamp-on conductors and incorporation of subsea and topside inspection findings. In-service integrity assessments, pushover analyses, corrosion control and cathodic protection assessments and weight control reports were completed to evaluate the integrity of these facilities for requalification to 2019 and life extension to 2030. The analytical models and calculations were updated based on the most recent inspection results and weight control reports. A requalification and life extension report was prepared for each platform to outline the performance criteria acceptance to achieve requalification until 2019 and life extension until 2030. This paper documents the methodology to assess the platform structural integrity in order to evaluate platform integrity for the remaining and extended design life. An overview of various aspects of ageing related to these offshore facilities, representing risk to the integrity, the required procedures and re assessment criteria for deciding on life extension of these facilities is presented. This paper also provides an overall view of the structural requirements, justifications and calibrations of the original design for the life extension to maintain the safety level by means of maintenance and inspection programs balancing the ageing mechanisms and improving the reliability of assessment results.

scholarly journals An investigation into how creativity is maintained by graphic designers in a digital environment with specific reference to design practice

2015 ◽  
Author(s):  
◽  
Nic Human
Keyword(s):  
Graphic Design ◽  
Research Method ◽  
Qualitative Interviews ◽  
Sensory Stimulation ◽  
Primary Objective ◽  
Specific Reference ◽  
Digital Environment ◽  
Design Practice ◽  
Original Design ◽  
Digital Era

The primary objective of this study was to find out how practising graphic designers maintain creativity in a digital environment. The study also investigated three factors that may positively influence their creativity. First, whether practising creative experimentation outside commercial constraints positively impacts a designer's ability to produce creative design. Second, how drawing assists original design. Third, whether enriching sensory stimulation helps graphic designers maintain creativity. An action research method was used. The project reviewed current literature and gathered empirical data through qualitative interviews and a workshop. In addition, a practical component was developed that consisted of drawings made from observation, drawings as concept experiments and examples of a commercial design and illustration. Results proved that creativity is a multifaceted phenomenon, and it plays a pivotal role in contemporary graphic design. The three factors, practising creative experimentation, drawing, and sensory enrichment, proved to be beneficial to the creative abilities of graphic designers. The study concluded by acknowledging the challenges of the digital era within the field, and the importance for practising graphic designers to maintain creativity.

scholarly journals Faktor Penghambat Studi Mahasiswa yang Tidak Lulus Tepat Waktu di Jurusan Pendidikan Teknik Mesin FT UNY

2017 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
pp. 127
Author(s):  
Widarto Widarto
Keyword(s):  
Survey Methods ◽  
Course Completion ◽  
Independent Study ◽  
Project Schedule ◽  
Education Department ◽  
Final Project ◽  
Inhibiting Factors ◽  
Inhibiting Factor ◽  
Quantitative Descriptive ◽  
Conducive Environment

The study aimed to identify the students who cannot finish their course on time, addressing the inhibiting factor for their course completion, identify the students’ efforts and struggle on their course completion, and to understand their expectations from the school administration to accommodate their course completion. The research used survey methods with questionnaire as the instrument. The subjects of the research are the diploma and bachelor degree students of Mechanical Engineering Education Department. Data were analyzed using quantitative-descriptive technique. The results show that the inhibiting factors are the long commute to campus for supervisions, many students still taking coursework, students already have a job, passive supervisors, unconducive environment, and supervisions that were not intensively done. The students were still committed to complete their course, albeit those inhibiting factors. Students’ commitments were supported by various efforts, namely intensive supervision, independent study or discussion, and finding a conducive environment to work on their final projects and theses. Students’ expectations for the success of their course are the availability of final project and thesis in an earlier stage of their study, supervisor should be appointed based on their competency, increasing the allocated time of the final project schedule, the administration needs to renew the workshop’s machinery and equipment, and cut off the unnecessary final project and Thesis administration steps, to make it easier for students in completing their course. Tujuan penelitian adalah untuk mengidentifikasi mahasiswa yang tidak dapat menyelesaikan studinya tepat waktu, mengetahui faktor penghambat, mengetahui usaha-usaha yang sudah dilakukan mahasiswa, dan mengetahui harapan mahasiswa kepada pengelola Jurusan Pendidikan Teknik Mesin FT UNY. Penelitian menggunakan metode survey menggunakan angket dengan analisis deskriptif kuantitatif. Objek penelitian yaitu mahasiswa D3 Teknik Mesin dan S1 Pendidikan Teknik Mesin. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan terdapat beberapa kendala penyelesaian studi yaitu: jarak yang jauh ke kampus untuk bimbingan, masih ada yang kuliah teori/praktik, sudah ada yang bekerja, dosen kurang aktif membimbing, lingkungan tempat tinggal kurang kondusif, dan bimbingan tidak intensif. Namun demikian, mahasiswa masih berkomitmen untuk menyelesaikan studinya. Keseriusan mahasiswa tersebut didukung dengan berbagai usaha, seperti bimbingan secara intensif, belajar mandiri atau diskusi, dan mencari lingkungan yang kondusif untuk mengerjakan Proyek Akhir dan Skripsi. Selain itu, harapan mahasiswa yaitu mata kuliah Proyek Akhir dan Skripsi dapat diambil lebih awal, penentuan dosen pengampu mata kuliah relevan dengan kompetensinya, jadwal pelaksanaan Proyek Akhir perlu ditambah frekwensinya, peremajakan peralatan bengkel, dan memperpendek administrasi Proyek Akhir dan Skripsi sehingga semakin mempermudah mahasiswa menyelesaikan studinya.

scholarly journals On-Drawing South American Extent: Geo-Poetic Mapping Palimpsest in the Travesías de Amereida

2020 ◽  
Vol 5 (2) ◽  
pp. 205-217
Author(s):  
Álvaro Mercado ◽  
Geoffrey Grulois
Keyword(s):  
South American ◽  
Design Practice ◽  
American Continent ◽  
The South ◽  
Original Design ◽  
Critical Design ◽  
The Sixties ◽  
Poetic Practice ◽  
Poetic Vision ◽  
South American Continent

<p>Contemporary urbanization, as a process extended beyond the cities, requires original design practices to contribute to the critical understanding and visualization of the multiple spatial and temporal layers that shape the territories. In this account, this article examines the geo-poetic mapping developed by the Valparaiso School of Architecture, as a radical means of exploring the territories and elaborating their palimpsestic representations. This contribution unfolds the geopoetic vision of the South American continent created in the sixties by the School of Valparaiso, in Chile, as fundamental groundwork to critically question the historic and ongoing urban occupation of territories and their representations following colonization. Besides, it presents the Travesías de Amereida, a collective and situated architectural study performed throughout the vast South American inland, as a unique geo-poetic practice in which freehand mapping becomes an original means of rethinking and redrawing the ever-changing American extent. Through the analysis of drawings made before, during, and after the travesías were undertaken between 1965 and 1985, this article outlines how the geo-poetic vision and mapping practices—that embodies iterative freehand drawings combining different temporality, spatiality, and situated experiences—have attempted to unveil the South American continent as a palimpsest: an open extent to trace the ever-changing footprints that reshape its content. To conclude, the article assesses the contribution of situated geo-poetic mapping as a critical design practice to study and visualize the ever-changing, multi-layered, and multi scalar-realities on virtually unknown territories of contemporary urbanization.</p>

scholarly journals The causes of stage expansion of WTI/Brent spread

2019 ◽  
Vol 16 (6) ◽  
pp. 1493-1505 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hong-Zhi Tian ◽  
Wei-Di Lai
Keyword(s):  
Crude Oil ◽  
Oil Field ◽  
Oil Futures ◽  
The North ◽  
Downward Pressure ◽  
The Us ◽  
Transportation Capacity ◽  
Oil Export ◽  
Sample Interval ◽  
The Difference

Abstract Historically, the price of WTI crude oil futures has long been higher than that of Brent by $2/barrel, but the spread between 2011 and 2015 was reversed and expanded to $24/barrel. In order to analyze the difference between two crude oil price variables with the same trend and phase separation using one method of analysis, this paper constructs a dynamic comparative analysis framework using the method of time-point decomposition of fluctuation factors to determine the different reasons and amplitudes for monthly fluctuations in the two price systems in the sample interval. The study found that the sensitive response of Brent futures price indicators to the world’s crude oil supply resulting from the depletion of oil in the North Sea oil field prompted it to rise in 2011–2015. For the WTI price system, due to the increase in the US shale oil production after 2008 and the restrictions in domestic pipeline transportation capacity, the increase in the Cushing crude oil inventory caused downward pressure on the WTI price. With the lifting of the US crude oil export ban in December 2015, arbitrage space disappeared, and the spread between the two gradually narrowed.

Design Robustness Saves Marco Polo Oil SCR During Its Installation

2004 ◽  
Author(s):  
Basim B. Mekha ◽  
Enda O’Sullivan ◽  
Andre Nogueira
Keyword(s):  
Water Depth ◽  
Oil And Gas ◽  
Original Design ◽  
High Tension ◽  
Marco Polo ◽  
Oil Export ◽  
Pipe Joints ◽  
Departure Angle ◽  
Bad Weather

The Marco Polo TLP, located in Green Canyon Block 608 in 4300 ft water depth exports oil and gas through 12-inch oil and 18-inch gas export SCRs that are connected to Marco Polo 14-inch oil and 18inch/20-inch gas export pipelines. Following completion of the installation of the 14-inch oil export pipeline and during the installation of the 12-inch oil export SCR on the seabed (with about 3,000 ft or 77 SCR pipe joints still to go), the operation had to be abandoned due to bad weather and the SCR pipe lowered to the seabed. During the abandonment operation, a high tension event occurred, causing the transition joint between the 14-inch and 12-inch pipes to slide by about 820 ft toward the TLP. This would have the effect of changing the touchdown position along the SCR and consequently the Three Layer Polyethylene abrasion coating would not be located at the at the touchdown to perform its function. In order to move the SCR touchdown area at least partially to the TLPE region, it was decided that four extra joints would be welded to the SCR resulting in the SCR departure angle to changing from 12 degrees to 10 degrees. This paper presents the methodology used for the original design of the oil export SCR and the design robustness, flexibility and margins that allowed for the design to be modified in the last minutes without compromising the integrity of the SCR. The paper also discuss the steps taken to ensure that the modified design is acceptable and within the code requirements. Some strength and fatigue results are presented.

The Geochemical Survey Methods for Optimization of Oil Field Development

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Maria Sergeevna Shipaeva ◽  
Danis Karlovich Nurgaliev ◽  
Vladislav Anatolevich Sudakov ◽  
Artur Albertovich Shakirov ◽  
Azat Abuzarovich Lutfullin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Flow Rate ◽  
Reservoir Simulation ◽  
Produced Water ◽  
Survey Methods ◽  
Simulation Models ◽  
Oil Field ◽  
Geochemical Composition ◽  
Field Development ◽  
Water Composition ◽  
The Impact

Abstract The paper considers issues of determining the direction of filtration for oil deposits by means of complex study of the geochemical composition of formation fluids and the dynamics of bottomhole pressure and flow rates, and further use of this information in geological and reservoir simulation models. This integrated technology is not expensive and makes it possible to identify geological uncertainties in the reservoir for intelligent management of development processes, such as waterflooding optimization, reservoir simulation models improvement, water cut source definition, etc. Improving the reliability of information about the reservoir and the presented fluids is undoubtedly relevant and significant task. To solve this problem, fluid samples were taken and complex studies of the composition of the produced water was carried out, including the determination of hydrogen and oxygen isotopes and element composition. The authors note that the isotopic composition of formation waters for a number of wells differs from the analogical parameters for injected water, which is probably associated with the area of ​​uneven reservoir distribution and the existence of a stagnant undrained zone. The result of the calculations is an estimate of the impact coefficient of the injected water on the water composition in the surrounding producer wells. In addition to this, the work included the analysis of the dynamics of fluid flow rate, oil flow rate, bottomhole and reservoir pressures, the influence of injection on the pressure in the drainage area of ​​producer wells. Basing on the results obtained the recommendations were given for changing the injection patterns as it is noted that a number of wells are not affected by injection. Recommendations have been developed for carrying out workovers in order to prevent a decrease in pressure and an increase in oil production.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document