Comparison Between Air Blows and Gas Blows for Cleaning Power Plant Fuel Gas Piping Systems

2011 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hoc Phung ◽  
Gary Jones ◽  
Norman K. Smith
Keyword(s):  
Power Plant ◽  
Power Plants ◽  
Power Industry ◽  
Regulatory Agencies ◽  
Fuel Gas ◽  
Loss Of Life ◽  
Electric Company ◽  
Piping Systems ◽  
Fire And Explosion ◽  
Fire And Explosion Hazards

Gas blows have been quite commonly used in the power industry for cleaning fuel gas lines during the plant commissioning process, but this practice is being seriously evaluated and reconsidered by regulatory agencies and public safety organizations due to the fire and explosion hazards, and recent accidents and loss of life. This article merely captures the recent practices at Pacific Gas and Electric Company in the construction of power plants. It is not intended to reflect industry practices.

Overall Performance of Advanced H2/Air Cycle Power Plants Based on Coal Decarbonisation

2005 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Gambini ◽  
M. Vellini
Keyword(s):  
Power Plant ◽  
Hydrogen Production ◽  
Power Plants ◽  
Coal Gasification ◽  
Combined Cycle ◽  
Fuel Gas ◽  
Production Section ◽  
Pinch Technology ◽  
Energy Economy ◽  
Overall Performance

In this paper the overall performance of a new advanced mixed cycle (AMC), fed by hydrogen-rich fuel gas, has been evaluated. Obviously, hydrogen must be produced and here we have chosen the coal gasification for its production, quantifying all the thermal and electric requirements. At first, a simple combination between hydrogen production section and power section is performed. In fact, the heat loads of the first section can be satisfied by using the various raw syngas cooling, without using some material streams taken from the power section, but also without using part of heat, available in the production section and rejected into the environment, in the power section. The final result is very poor: over 34%. Then, by using the Pinch Technology, a more efficient, even if more complex, solution can be conceived: in this case the overall efficiency is very interesting: 39%. These results are very similar to those of a combined cycle power plant, equipped with the same systems and analyzed under the same hypotheses. The final result is very important because the “clean” use of coal in new power plant types must be properly investigated: in fact coal is the most abundant and the cheapest fossil fuel available on earth; moreover, hydrogen production, by using coal, is an interesting outlook because hydrogen has the potential to become the main energy carrier in a future sustainable energy economy.

scholarly journals A comprehensive assessment of comparative effectiveness of projects for power export from East Siberia to China: A methodological approach and results of its application

2018 ◽  
Vol 27 ◽  
pp. 02003 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anatoly Lagerev ◽  
Valentina Khanaeva ◽  
Konstantin Smirnov
Keyword(s):  
Power Plant ◽  
Transmission Line ◽  
Transmission Lines ◽  
Comparative Effectiveness ◽  
Power Plants ◽  
Methodological Approach ◽  
Power Industry ◽  
Comprehensive Assessment ◽  
East Siberia ◽  
Industry Development

The paper is concerned with a methodological approach to the assessment of comparative effectiveness of projects for the construction of export-oriented power plants and transmission lines under uncertainty of the power industry development in the region. The recommendations are given to select the most preferable project for the construction of an export-oriented power plant and transmission line for power export from East Siberia to China.

scholarly journals Functional Safety o f Power Plant ’ s Technological Protections

2015 ◽  
Vol 2 ◽  
pp. 142
Author(s):  
Sergey Trashchenkov
Keyword(s):  
Quantitative Analysis ◽  
Power Plant ◽  
Chemical Industry ◽  
Power Plants ◽  
Functional Safety ◽  
Loss Of Life ◽  
Electric Engineering ◽  
Complicated Process

Functional safety is an important component of safety in general, has received increasing attention in the petroleum and chemical industry, railway and other industries which used a complicated process, in case of failure can cause major damage and loss of life. Electric engineering is also among these industries. But quantitative analysis shows that the equipment of power plants does not satisfy stringent requirements of functional safety.

Improvement of the Damping Constants for Seismic Design of Piping System for NPP

2002 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kei Kobayashi ◽  
Takashi Satoh ◽  
Nobuyuki Kojima ◽  
Kiyoshi Hattori ◽  
Masaki Nakagawa ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Power Plant ◽  
Seismic Design ◽  
Nuclear Power ◽  
Power Plants ◽  
Estimation Method ◽  
Piping System ◽  
Piping Systems ◽  
Support Element ◽  
Present Design ◽  
Bolt Support

The present design damping constants for nuclear power plant (NPP)’s piping system in Japan were developed through discussion among expert researchers, electric utilities and power plant manufactures. They are standardized in “Technical guidelines for seismic design of Nuclear Power Plants” (JEAG 4601-1991 Supplemental Edition). But some of the damping constants are too conservative because of a lack of experimental data. To improve this excessive conservatism, piping systems supported by U-bolts were chosen and U-bolt support element test and piping model excitation test were performed to obtain proper damping constants. The damping mechanism consists of damping due to piping materials, damping due to fluid interaction, damping due to plastic deformation of piping and supports, and damping due to friction and collision between piping and supports. Because the damping due to friction and collision was considered to be dominant, we focused our effort on formulating these phenomena by a physical model. The validity of damping estimation method was confirmed by comparing data that was obtained from the elemental tests and the actual scale piping model test. New design damping constants were decided from the damping estimations for piping systems in an actual plant. From now on, we will use the new design damping constants for U-bolt support piping systems, which were proposed from this study, as a standard in the Japanese piping seismic design.

Development of a Combined Cycle Gas Turbine/Steam Plant for Training Marine and Power Engineers

2007 ◽  
Author(s):  
W. Peter Sarnacki ◽  
Richard Kimball ◽  
Barbara Fleck
Keyword(s):  
Power Plant ◽  
Gas Turbine ◽  
Gas Turbines ◽  
Power Plants ◽  
Power Industry ◽  
Combined Cycle ◽  
Plant Performance ◽  
Engineering Programs ◽  
Hands On ◽  
Steam Plant

The integration of micro turbine engines into the engineering programs offered at Maine Maritime Academy (MMA) has created a dynamic, hands-on approach to learning the theoretical and operational characteristics of a turbojet engine. Maine Maritime Academy is a fully accredited college of Engineering, Science and International Business located on the coast of Maine and has over 850 undergraduate students. The majority of the students are enrolled in one of five majors offered at the college in the Engineering Department. MMA already utilizes gas turbines and steam plants as part of the core engineering training with fully operational turbines and steam plant laboratories. As background, this paper will overview the unique hands-on nature of the engineering programs offered at the institution with a focus of implementation of a micro gas turbine trainer into all engineering majors taught at the college. The training demonstrates the effectiveness of a working gas turbine to translate theory into practical applications and real world conditions found in the operation of a combustion turbine. This paper presents the efforts of developing a combined cycle power plant for training engineers in the operation and performance of such a plant. Combined cycle power plants are common in the power industry due to their high thermal efficiencies. As gas turbines/electric power plants become implemented into marine applications, it is expected that combined cycle plants will follow. Maine Maritime Academy has a focus on training engineers for the marine and stationary power industry. The trainer described in this paper is intended to prepare engineers in the design and operation of this type of plant, as well as serve as a research platform for operational and technical study in plant performance. This work describes efforts to combine these laboratory resources into an operating combined cycle plant. Specifically, we present efforts to integrate a commercially available, 65 kW gas turbine generator system with our existing steam plant. The paper reviews the design and analysis of the system to produce a 78 kW power plant that approaches 35% thermal efficiency. The functional operation of the plant as a trainer is presented as the plant is designed to operate with the same basic functionality and control as a larger commercial plant.

Human Factors and Safety in Nuclear Power Plant Control Rooms

1978 ◽  
Vol 22 (1) ◽  
pp. 644-648
Author(s):  
C. Christian Stiehl ◽  
Michael J. Pfauth
Keyword(s):  
Power Plant ◽  
Human Factors ◽  
Nuclear Power ◽  
Power Plants ◽  
Nuclear Power Plants ◽  
Research Effort ◽  
Large Earthquake ◽  
Regulatory Agencies ◽  
Human Engineering ◽  
Power Plant Control

The safety of nuclear power plants, particularly with regard to human factors concerns, has been the subject of several studies in the past few years. These studies have established the need for human factors research in nuclear power plants. Power plant operators and regulatory agencies have responded by funding further research and implementing safety programs that reflect human engineering principles. An example of an industry-sponsored research effort is reported. The purpose of this project was to evaluate the probable operator responses to a large earthquake in the vicinity of Pacific Gas and Electric's Diablo Canyon facility. As a result of this effort, several improvements were made in the control room and related facilities.

Flue Gas Desulfurization Wastewater Treatment for Coal-Fired Power Industry

2014 ◽  
Author(s):  
Behrang Pakzadeh ◽  
Jay Wos ◽  
Jay Renew
Keyword(s):  
Power Plant ◽  
Flue Gas ◽  
Environmental Protection Agency ◽  
Water Conservation ◽  
Power Plants ◽  
The United States ◽  
Power Industry ◽  
Flue Gas Desulfurization ◽  
Liquid Discharge ◽  
Plant Operations

The United States Environmental Protection Agency (USEPA)’s announcement that it will revise the effluent limitation guidelines for steam electric power generating units could affect not only how power plants use water, but also how they discharge it. The revised guidelines may lower discharge limits for various contaminants in flue gas desulfurization (FGD) wastewater including mercury, selenium, arsenic, and nitrate/nitrite. Although the specific details of the guidelines are unknown at present, the power industry is evaluating various technologies that may address the new effluent limitation guidelines and promote water conservation. Moreover, the power industry is looking for avenues to increase water usage efficiency, reuse and recycle throughout its plant processes. Final rule approval is expected by the middle of 2014 and new regulations are expected to be implemented between 2017 and 2022 through 5-year NPDES permit cycles. discharge limits for various contaminants including arsenic, mercury, selenium, and nitrate/nitrite [1]. These pollutant limits may be below the levels achievable today with conventional treatment [2]. A growing interest exists in zero liquid discharge (ZLD) facilities and processes in power plant operations. Potentially stringent discharge limits along with water conservation and reuse efforts are two of the major drivers to achieve ZLD. Potential pollutant levels are so low that ZLD may be the best option, if not an outright requirement [1]. Thermal ZLD systems have been the subject of increased interest and discussion lately. They employ evaporating processes such as ponds, evaporators and crystallizers, or spray dryers to produce a reusable water stream and a solid residue (i.e. waste). Evaporators and crystallizers have been employed in the power industry for a number of years. However, typical A growing interest exists in zero liquid discharge (ZLD) facilities and processes in power plant operations. Potentially stringent discharge limits along with water conservation and reuse efforts are two of the major drivers to achieve ZLD. Potential pollutant levels are so low that ZLD may be the best option, if not an outright requirement. A key disadvantage of thermal ZLD is its high capital cost. One way to reduce this cost is to pre-treat the liquid stream using innovative membrane technologies and reverse osmosis (RO).

scholarly journals Optimizing The Waste Biomass Of Peanut Shells And Water Hyacinth As An Environmentally Friendly Power Plant

Khazanah ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Irawati Irawati ◽  
◽  
Annisa Hasna Bilqis Azizah ◽  
Bagas Hadi Pratomo ◽  
◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Power Plant ◽  
Water Hyacinth ◽  
Alternative Energy ◽  
Power Plants ◽  
Heat Engine ◽  
Environmentally Friendly ◽  
Electrical Energy ◽  
Peanut Shell ◽  
Waste Biomass ◽  
Fuel Gas

According to the Ministry of Energy and Mineral Resources of the Republic of Indonesia, shows that coal deposit in Indonesia about 7,3 - 8,3 billion ton are exhausted in 2036, while cruel oil around 4,7 billion barrels are exhausted in 2028, and fuel gas is estimated to run out more quickly in 2027. So it needs alternative energy as a solution in dealing with energy problems in the world, one of them the solution is the utilization of biomass. The cellulose in the biomass is potentially to use as alternative energy, for example, the peanut shell and water hyacinth. The material goes through the process of converting from a solid mass to gas using a gasification method. The gasification method with a high temperature is one way of converting carbon-based organic materials into synthetic gases namely carbon monoxide (CO), Hydrogen (H2), and methane (CH4). Synthetic gas is used as motion energy to rotate the generator until it generates electricity. Thus an eco-friendly power plant will be formed. Some research showed that the level of cellulose in the peanut shell is 63.5 %, which is capable of producing a heat engine of 14.34 MJ/Kg equivalent to 3425,05 cal/gr. Moreover, the cellulose in the water hyacinth of 64.51 % produced values the heat engine reached 4341,67 cal / g. The higher value heat engine shows that the ingredient in producing energy is bigger and it has the potential to become sources of electrical energy . In conclusion, the optimization of the cellulose in the peanut shell and water hyacinth is made as a source of environmentally friendly power plants that is expected to addressing the problem of energy depletion.

Start-Up Optimization of Combined Cycle Power Plants: A Field Test in a Commercial Power Plant

2018 ◽  
Vol 141 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Yasuhiro Yoshida ◽  
Takuya Yoshida ◽  
Yuki Enomoto ◽  
Nobuhiro Osaki ◽  
Yoshito Nagahama ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Power Plant ◽  
Gas Turbine ◽  
Power Plants ◽  
Field Tests ◽  
Optimization Method ◽  
Combined Cycle ◽  
Objective Functions ◽  
Fuel Gas ◽  
Start Up ◽  
Gas Consumption

Requirements for the start-up operations of gas turbine combined cycle (GTCC) power plants have become more diverse and now include such items as reduced start-up time, life consumption, and fuel gas consumption. In this paper, an optimization method is developed to solve these multi-objective problems. The method obtains optimized start-up curves by iterating the search for the optimal combination of the start-up parameter values and the evaluation of multiple objective functions. The start-up curves generated by this method were found to converge near the Pareto-front representing the best trade-off between the fuel gas consumption of the gas turbine (GT) and thermal stress in the steam turbine (ST) rotor which are defined as the objective functions. To demonstrate the effectiveness of the developed method, field tests were performed in a commercial power plant. As a result, the fuel gas consumption of HOT start-up was reduced by 22.8% compared with the past operation data. From this result, the developed method was shown to be capable of optimizing the start-up process for GTCC power plants.

Novel Solid Fuel Gasification Power Plant for In Situ CO2 Capture

2007 ◽  
Author(s):  
E. Kakaras ◽  
A. K. Koumanakos ◽  
P. Klimantos ◽  
A. Doukelis ◽  
N. Koukouzas ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Power Plant ◽  
Mass Balance ◽  
Co2 Capture ◽  
Power Plants ◽  
Steam Gasification ◽  
Low Rank ◽  
Fuel Gas ◽  
Gasification Process ◽  
In Situ Co2 Capture

The work presented in this paper aims to examine and analyse a novel concept dealing with the carbonation-calcination process of lime for CO2 capture from coal-fired power plants. The scheme is based on a novel steam gasification process of low rank coals with calcined limestone where in-situ CO2 capture and steam reforming are performed in a single reactor. CO2 is separated reacting exothermically with CaO based sorbents, providing also the necessary heat for the gasification reactions. The produced gas is a H2-rich gas with low carbon or near zero carbon content, depending on the ratio of lime added to the process. The produced fuel gas can be used in state-of-the-art combined cycles where it is converted to electricity, generating almost no CO2 emissions. After being captured in the gasification process, CO2 is released in a separate reactor where extra energy is provided through the combustion of low rank coal. Regenerated CaO is produced in this reactor and is continuously recycled within the process. The key element of the concept is the high-pressure steam gasification process where CO2 is captured by CaO based sorbents and fuel gas with high hydrogen content is produced, without using additional shift reactors. Two optimised power plant configurations are presented in detail and examined. In the first case, pure oxygen is utilised for the low rank coal combustion in the limestone regeneration process, while in the second case fuel is combusted with air instead. Results from the equilibrium based mass balance of the two reactors as well as the power plant thermodynamic simulations, dealing with the most important features for CO2 reduction are presented concerning the two different options. The energy penalties are quantified and the power plant efficiencies are calculated. The calculated results demonstrate the capability of the power plant to deliver decarbonised electricity while achieving high overall electrical efficiencies, comparable to other technological alternatives for CO2 capture power plants. The Aspen Plus software is used for the equilibrium based mass balance of the gasifier and the regenerator while the combined cycle power plant cycle calculations are performed with the thermodynamic cycle calculation software ENBIPRO (ENergie-BIllanz-PROgram), a powerful tool for heat and mass balance solving of complex thermodynamic circuits, calculation of efficiency, exergetic and exergoeconomic analysis of power plants [1].

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