Terrorism Risk Models: The Need for Common Measures

Author(s):  
Richard E. Feigel

From the hot dog vendor located near a national monument to a multinational corporation with operations and significant assets around the world, we are all faced with decisions about addressing terrorism. Since the events of 9/11, enormous amounts of financial and intellectual capital have been invested to develop security responses to potential terrorism threats. Beyond specific, focused initiatives — most visibly increased airport security — a plethora of risk models have been (or are being) developed. Ostensibly, these models attempt to address the basic risk proposition: Risk = Frequency * Severity.

Author(s):  
Heorhii Khvichiia-Duve

The study addresses the research component used to provide infrastructure facilities for enhancing innovative development in Ukraine. More specifically, the article considers the main infrastructure facilities, which accelerate innovative development. The paper also evaluates preconditions for building research capacity in the country and its funding by structuring expenditures on research and development by sources of funding. The issues of creating intellectual capital are put forward and examined. The article introduces a number of factors, which hinder providing investment support for the infrastructural development of the economy. Finally, the paper formulates a set of measure to be taken in order to integrate the innovative infrastructure of the national economy into the world economic system.


Author(s):  
Maria do Rosário Cabrita ◽  
Virgílio Cruz-Machado ◽  
Florinda Matos

The ability of an organization to effectively nurture, capture, leverage, and share its knowledge resources become the key that provides an enterprise with its strategic power advantage in the world. When an organization develops its ability to build, access and leverage its knowledge resources it is creating its knowledge advantage. In an era of knowledge economics, Knowledge Management (KM) and Intellectual Capital (IC) have emerged as major issues that managers must deal with, if the organizations want maintain their competitive advantage. The accumulation of IC and KM is closely related. The successful management of IC is linked to the efficiency of KM processes, which, in turn, implies that the successful implementation of KM ensures the growth and renewal of IC in an organization. There are relatively few discussions on the relationship between KM and IC, and even fewer studies on such relationship in the banking industry. For the banking sector, as one of the most knowledge-intensive industries, it is imperative to understand how to use techniques in KM to accumulate IC to cope with an increasingly changing environment. Based on previous studies, this article seeks to explore the links between IC and KM in Portuguese banks, by identifying the IC resources of importance and leveraging these resources through KM capability.


2002 ◽  
Vol 27 (3) ◽  
pp. 191-198
Author(s):  
L. RathaKrishnan ◽  
K. Santhy

Economic reforms introduced in India during 1991–92 had triggered the process of economic development in the country. It is from this period a structural shift occurred in Indian industry. The liberalization has also facilitated the Indian industries to sell their products throughout the world market. As the multinational Corporation normally own, manage, and control production, they can sell their products all over the world without much difficulty. After the announcement of globalization in India, the number of multinational corporation had increased from 389 (1981) to 2303 (1996), about six fold increase in 15 years period. The present paper examines how multinational corporations help regional development. A case study approach was followed. Both primary and secondary data were collected from the Whirlpool India Limited for a period of 18 years, starting from 1983–84 to 2000–01. By using simple growth rate and regression analysis this study found that there is a favourable shift in employment and infrastructure development in the region. After the establishment of the MNC, the region has received various benefits, namely employment, better road and transportation, local markets, hospitals, street lights, drinking water and other infrastructural facilities. Further more, this MNC has not harmed the growth of tiny and small scale industries in the region. In fact, the MNC has helped many small-scale industries to establish their industries in the region.


2018 ◽  
Vol 28 (5) ◽  
pp. 1545-1551
Author(s):  
Svetlana Trajković

The ability to manage knowledge becomes an increasingly important strategic activity in today's so-called. knowledge economy. To prioritize the preservation and improvement of intellectual capital, creating and disseminating knowledge within a modern organization, is becoming an increasingly decisive factor in achieving and maintaining its competitive advantage. The only viable advantage of a modern organization comes from what the company knows and how effectively is used what it knows and how quickly it acquires and uses new knowledge. There is a positive relationship between the intellectual capital and the performance of an organization. Intellectual capital is in correlation with the organization's future performance, and the growth rate of intellectual capital is in a positive relationship with the organization's performance, while the contribution of intellectual capital to improving the organization's performance varies, and is the result of strategic management of the organization itself. In this context, only the learning organization, which is constantly looking for new, innovated and / or enhanced knowledge in the field of activity, has the conditions, chances and opportunities to move forward in the real world. In the modern world, the world of a knowledge-based economy, a competitive advantage that is sustainable on the narrow paths, can only be achieved if the organization takes a lasting commitment to learn, invest in people and their intellectual potential, to support the need of people to continuously explore, learn and accept new, more complete and applicable knowledge. Regarding this, investing in the intellectual capital in the short term may be a significant cost to the organization, but in the long run, any investment in the development of intellectual capital - new knowledge - both scientific, general theoretical, and practically applicable will have a multiplier positive effect on the future business of the organization. The experience of organizations from the world of work has unambiguously confirmed this. Namely, companies that base their business on exactly human cognitive and scientific potentials have the advantage, that is, the world's leading companies are in terms of profit. First of all, these are companies in the field of low-tech technologies, and they are not quite necessary because they are notorious. But, from the experience of such organizations, they can and / or have to learn all the organizations they intend to succeed in a modern, very turbulent business environment. This is especially important for those organizations that intend to be leaders in an area or branch of business. Today, leadership is not realized solely on the basis of the number of pieces produced by a product or on the basis of the number of transactions with the environment, on the contrary, the leader is the organization of work that is imposed as an organization where the intellectual, and parallel with it, also the human capital prevails. Because, it is known, also in practice, that only when people feel in a certain organization friendly, only then do they give their maximum contribution. Only in conditions of complete freedom, some seemingly lucid ideas become "full of hits" in realizing and meeting the needs of the market and people who market it.


Author(s):  
Liudmyla Novoskoltseva

The article is focused on global subjects of the world community and consideration of geopolitical determinants that are dominant for the development of the new direction of the global community, as well as geopolitical centers of the modern world, geopolitical operations, their role and prospects for world ethnocultural civilizations. Keywords: Globalization, global studies, geopolitics, civilization, world economy, Multinational Corporation, national borders, terrorism.


2008 ◽  
Vol 13 (2) ◽  
pp. 81-98 ◽  
Author(s):  
Muhammad Abdul Majid Makki ◽  
Suleman Aziz Lodhi

The aim of this study is to examine the relationship between intellectual capital efficiency and the firm's profitability. The importance of intellectual capital (IC) and the related philosophy of the knowledge economy have captured the attention of researchers and business enterprises in the World Trade Organization (WTO) era. IC is widely recognized as a tool that is critical to running a successful business in a highly competitive environment. Various models have been introduced to measure the numerous facets of IC, including the Skandia navigator, Tobin's Q, and value added intellectual coefficient (VAIC). This article examines the role of IC efficiency in the firm’s net profit using the VAIC developed by Ante Pulic (1998). It also investigates its correlation with the firm’s profitability, using regression models.


1982 ◽  
Vol 10 (2) ◽  
pp. 4-10 ◽  
Author(s):  
B. Graham

Would you like a hot dog? The Aboriginal man, who was on his first visit to a city and to whom the question was addressed, looked amazed and then responded, “Can I come and have a look?”. He soon discovered that ‘hot dogs’ were not what his grasp of English and the mental picture it had conjured up – of a cooked canine – had led him to believe. A rather relieved young man enjoyed his first ‘hot dog’. An amusing incident at the time, but how often do the words used in Aboriginal schools – particularly in maths lessons – evoke mental pictures or concepts that differ markedly from those of children who grow up speaking English and with a conceptual view of the world related to the western system of knowledge? What is perhaps even more alarming is that teachers are often unaware that this is happening, and when the child fails to act intelligently in certain situations the teacher often despairs and then gives up trying to teach maths effectively and concentrates on teaching ‘sums’, at which Aboriginal children, with their strong aural and visual memories, gain some measure of success. But such an approach, though measurable in school, fails to equip a child to operate mathematically in the real world where, for example, we meet our subtraction operations not clothed in the language of ‘take away’ and certainly never ‘minus’ but in comments like: “Red Cravats scored 32 and Waratahs finished 6 goals behind them,” or “Nhulunbuy are at the top of the ladder with 34 points and Yirrkala are second with 29”.


2018 ◽  
Vol 18 (2) ◽  
pp. 49-61
Author(s):  
Bogusław Ślusarczyk ◽  
Bernadetta Dziura

A good financial situation of the companies involved in the survey is  closely connected with intellectual capital, especially human capital and innovative capital. Thanks to  new technologies, products, certificates and patents which are vital elements of  innovative capital, companies can compete and stand out in the world of business. However, those components can be created only thanks to experienced, creative and well-educated staff.  Podkarpackie Province has become more and more attractive in terms of economy. It is possible thanks to the entrepreneurs’ involvement, economic zones which attract new companies as well as clusters operating in the area – for instance “Dolina Lotnicza” Cluster or Computer Cluster . The research carried out among 400 respondents from various companies, selected intellectual capital indicators and the analysis of economic and financial indicators – mainly profitability- confirm that the companies in the area consequently raise their value by means of a continuous development and by reinforcing their intellectual and creative potential. As a result their competitiveness and market share increase. The results of the research mentioned in the article provide information concerning the extent of intellectual capital in selected enterprises and its influence on competitiveness of companies. The attempt to evaluate the extent of intellectual capital and its influence on competitiveness, explains the issue of non-tangible assets which closely connected with businesses. The analyses of the data presented in the article touched only some of the issues concerning the influence of intellectual capital on companies’ competitiveness. However, it is already clear that in the future the value of the companies and their development will be largely influenced by properly exploited  intellectual capital which every company has.


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