“Harmonized” Gasket Testing

2004 ◽  
Author(s):  
Manfred Schaaf ◽  
Friedrich Schoeckle ◽  
Jaroslav Bartonicek
Keyword(s):  
North America ◽  
Information Exchange ◽  
Test Procedure ◽  
Technical Committee ◽  
Bolted Joints ◽  
Great Effort ◽  
Test Procedures ◽  
Testing Procedures ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Definition Of

The last years there has been a great effort on research and development on gasket testing for bolted joints in Europe and in North America. In Europe, a new standard for the calculation of flanged joints (EN 1591) was developed by the Technical Committee TC 74 of the European Committee for Standardization (CEN). This standard requires gasket factors which must be determined in accordance to the testing standard EN 13555. In North America, the ASTM Committee F03 on Gaskets was established to implement PVRC developed gasket test procedures in the code. Since many companies are operating worldwide, there is an interest in “harmonized” gasket testing procedures to minimize the costs and to raise the effectivity of the tests performed. Several information exchange meetings on gasket constants and gasket testing have been held, and there have been many discussions concerning the difference between the European and the American test procedures. Up to now, only the test procedure for leakage tests has been “harmonized”. Although there are still some differences in detail, the European gasket constants as well as the PVRC parameter can be determined with the new definition of the test procedure, theoretically. In this paper some tests are evaluated in both ways, the results show some mismatch. More tests (with several gasket materials) are necessary to prove the reliability of this procedure.

Comparison of effects of dry versus wet swallowing on Eustachian tube function via a nine-step inflation/deflation test

2005 ◽  
Vol 119 (9) ◽  
pp. 704-708 ◽  
Author(s):  
M Kemal Adali ◽  
Cem Uzun
Keyword(s):  
Middle Ear ◽  
Test Procedure ◽  
Step Test ◽  
Eustachian Tube Function ◽  
Single Session ◽  
Test Procedures ◽  
Tube Function ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Test Result ◽  
First Session

The aim of the present study is to evaluate the effect of swallowing type (dry versus wet) on the outcome of a nine-step inflation/deflation tympanometric Eustachian tubefunction (ETF) test in healthy adults.Fourteen normal healthy volunteers, between 19 and 28 years of age, were included in the study. The nine-step test was performed in two different test procedures: (1) test with dry swallows (dry test procedure) and (2) test with liquid swallows (wet test procedure). If the equilibration of middle-ear (ME) pressure was successful in all the steps of the nine-step test, ETF was considered ‘Good’. Otherwise, the test was considered ‘Poor’, and the test was repeated at a second session.In the dry test procedure, ETF was ‘Good’ in 21 ears at the first session and in 24 ears after the second session (p > 0.05). However, in the wet test procedure, ETF was ‘Good’ in 13 ears at the first session and in 21 ears after the second session (p < 0.05).At the first session, ETF was ’Good’ in 21 and 13 ears in the dry and wet test procedures, respectively. The difference was statistically significant (p < 0.05). However, after the second session, the overall number of ears with ‘Good’ tubal function was almost the same in both test procedures (24 ears at dry test procedures versus 21 ears at wet test procedures;p > 0.05).Dry swallowing seems to be more effective for the equilibration of ME pressure. Thus, a single-session dependent evaluation of ETF may be efficient for the dry test procedure of the nine-step test. Swallowing with water may be easier for subjects, but a repetition of the test at a second session may be necessary when the test result is ‘Poor’.

scholarly journals Design and Implementation of a Co-Simulation Framework for Testing of Automated Driving Systems

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Demin Nalic ◽  
Aleksa Pandurevic ◽  
Arno Eichberger ◽  
Branko Rogic
Keyword(s):  
Test Procedure ◽  
Flow Simulation ◽  
Simulation Software ◽  
Simulation Framework ◽  
Automated Driving ◽  
Test Procedures ◽  
Vehicle Simulation ◽  
Design And Implementation ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
Test Scenarios

The increasingly used approach of combining different simulation software for testing of automated driving systems (ADS) increases the need for potential and convenient software designs. Recently developed co-simulation platforms (CSP) provide the possibility to cover the high demand on testing kilometres for ADS by combining vehicle simulation with traffic flow simulation software (TFSS) environments. Having chosen a suitable CSP rises up the question how the test procedures should be defined and constructed and what are the relevant test scenarios. Parameters of the ADS in vehicle simulation, traffic parameter in TFSS and combination of all these can be used for the definition of test scenarios. Thus the automation of a process, consisting of vehicle and traffic parameters and a suitable CSP, a test procedure for ADS should be well designed and implemented. This paper presents the design and implementation of a complex co-simulation framework for virtual ADS testing combining IPG CarMaker and PTV Vissim.

scholarly journals Composite Tests under Corrupted Data

Entropy ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
pp. 63 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michel Broniatowski ◽  
Jana Jurečková ◽  
Ashok Moses ◽  
Emilie Miranda
Keyword(s):  
Likelihood Ratio ◽  
Measurement Errors ◽  
Test Procedure ◽  
Random Variable ◽  
Finite Sample ◽  
Likelihood Ratios ◽  
Test Procedures ◽  
Leibler Divergence ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
The Individual

This paper focuses on test procedures under corrupted data. We assume that the observations Z i are mismeasured, due to the presence of measurement errors. Thus, instead of Z i for i = 1 , … , n, we observe X i = Z i + δ V i, with an unknown parameter δ and an unobservable random variable V i. It is assumed that the random variables Z i are i.i.d., as are the X i and the V i. The test procedure aims at deciding between two simple hyptheses pertaining to the density of the variable Z i, namely f 0 and g 0. In this setting, the density of the V i is supposed to be known. The procedure which we propose aggregates likelihood ratios for a collection of values of δ. A new definition of least-favorable hypotheses for the aggregate family of tests is presented, and a relation with the Kullback-Leibler divergence between the sets f δ δ and g δ δ is presented. Finite-sample lower bounds for the power of these tests are presented, both through analytical inequalities and through simulation under the least-favorable hypotheses. Since no optimality holds for the aggregation of likelihood ratio tests, a similar procedure is proposed, replacing the individual likelihood ratio by some divergence based test statistics. It is shown and discussed that the resulting aggregated test may perform better than the aggregate likelihood ratio procedure.

Reliability of Laboratory Tests for the Control of Oral Anticoagulation

1974 ◽  
Vol 32 (02/03) ◽  
pp. 483-491
Author(s):  
E. A Loeliger ◽  
M. J Boekhout-Mussert ◽  
L. P van Halem-Visser ◽  
J. D. E Habbema ◽  
H de Jonge
Keyword(s):  
Human Brain ◽  
Laboratory Tests ◽  
Test Procedure ◽  
Rabbit Brain ◽  
Normal Range ◽  
Test Procedures ◽  
Discrimination Power ◽  
Power Of The Test ◽  
Assay Procedure ◽  
Low Sensitivity

SummaryThe present study concerned the reproducibility of the so-called prothrombin time as assessed with a series of more commonly used modifications of the Quick’s onestage assay procedure, i.e. the British comparative reagent, homemade human brain thromboplastin, Simplastin, Simplastin A, and Thrombotest. All five procedures were tested manually on pooled lyophilized normal and patients’ plasmas. In addition, Simplastin A and Thrombotest were investigated semiautomatically on individual freshly prepared patients’ plasmas. From the results obtained, the following conclusions may be drawn :The reproducibility of results obtained with manual reading on lyophilized plasmas is satisfactory for all five test procedures. For Simplastin, the reproducibility of values in the range of insufficient anticoagulation is relatively low due to the low discrimination power of the test procedure in the near-normal range (so-called low sensitivity of rabbit brain thromboplastins). The reproducibility of Thrombotest excels as a consequence of its particularly easily discerned coagulation endpoint.The reproducibility of Thrombotest, when tested on freshly prepared plasmas using Schnitger’s semiautomatic coagulometer (a fibrinometer-liJce apparatus), is no longer superior to that of Simplastin A.The constant of proportionality between the coagulation times formed with Simplastin A and Thrombotest was estimated at 0.64.Reconstituted Thrombotest is stable for 24 hours when stored at 4° C, whereas reconstituted Simplastin A is not.The Simplastin A method and Thrombotest seem to be equally sensitive to “activation” of blood coagulation upon storage.

Use of a Lyophilized Reference Plasma to Compare Coagulation Test Procedures

1975 ◽  
Vol 34 (02) ◽  
pp. 426-444 ◽  
Author(s):  
J Kahan ◽  
I Nohén
Keyword(s):  
Oral Anticoagulant Therapy ◽  
Repeated Measurements ◽  
Test Procedures ◽  
Coagulation Activity ◽  
Close Relationship ◽  
Measured Activity ◽  
Test Materials ◽  
The Difference ◽  
The Stability ◽  
The One

SummaryIn 4 collaborative trials, involving a varying number of hospital laboratories in the Stockholm area, the coagulation activity of different test materials was estimated with the one-stage prothrombin tests routinely used in the laboratories, viz. Normotest, Simplastin-A and Thrombotest. The test materials included different batches of a lyophilized reference plasma, deep-frozen specimens of diluted and undiluted normal plasmas, and fresh and deep-frozen specimens from patients on long-term oral anticoagulant therapy.Although a close relationship was found between different methods, Simplastin-A gave consistently lower values than Normotest, the difference being proportional to the estimated activity. The discrepancy was of about the same magnitude on all the test materials, and was probably due to a divergence between the manufacturers’ procedures used to set “normal percentage activity”, as well as to a varying ratio of measured activity to plasma concentration. The extent of discrepancy may vary with the batch-to-batch variation of thromboplastin reagents.The close agreement between results obtained on different test materials suggests that the investigated reference plasma could be used to calibrate the examined thromboplastin reagents, and to compare the degree of hypocoagulability estimated by the examined PIVKA-insensitive thromboplastin reagents.The assigned coagulation activity of different batches of the reference plasma agreed closely with experimentally obtained values. The stability of supplied batches was satisfactory as judged from the reproducibility of repeated measurements. The variability of test procedures was approximately the same on different test materials.

The Distinction between [P] and [S]

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Galen Strawson
Keyword(s):  
Personal Identity ◽  
Radical Change ◽  
Legal Responsibility ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
Over Time

This chapter examines the difference between John Locke's definition of a person [P], considered as a kind of thing, and his definition of a subject of experience of a certain sophisticated sort [S]. It first discusses the equation [P] = [S], where [S] is assumed to be a continuing thing that is able to survive radical change of substantial realization, as well as Locke's position about consciousness in relation to [P]'s identity or existence over time as [S]. It argues that Locke is not guilty of circularity because he is not proposing consciousness as the determinant of [S]'s identity over time, but only of [S]'s moral and legal responsibility over time. Finally, it suggests that the terms “Person” and “Personal identity” pull apart, in Locke's scheme of things, but in a perfectly coherent way.

L'anglicisme dans la langue française

2019 ◽  
Vol 3 ◽  
pp. 00013
Author(s):  
Danny Susanto
Keyword(s):  
English Language ◽  
Oil Industry ◽  
English Word ◽  
Public Institutions ◽  
Font Size ◽  
The World ◽  
French Speaking ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
Bibliographic Study

<p class="Abstract">The purpose of this study is to analyze the phenomenon known as&nbsp;<span style="font-size: 1rem;">“anglicism”: a loan made to the English language by another language.&nbsp;</span><span style="font-size: 1rem;">Anglicism arose either from the adoption of an English word as a&nbsp;</span><span style="font-size: 1rem;">result of a translation defect despite the existence of an equivalent&nbsp;</span><span style="font-size: 1rem;">term in the language of the speaker, or from a wrong translation, as a&nbsp;</span><span style="font-size: 1rem;">word-by-word translation. Said phenomenon is very common&nbsp;</span><span style="font-size: 1rem;">nowadays and most languages of the world including making use of&nbsp;</span><span style="font-size: 1rem;">some linguistic concepts such as anglicism, neologism, syntax,&nbsp;</span><span style="font-size: 1rem;">morphology etc, this article addresses various aspects related to&nbsp;</span><span style="font-size: 1rem;">Anglicisms in French through a bibliographic study: the definition of&nbsp;</span><span style="font-size: 1rem;">Anglicism, the origin of Anglicisms in French and the current situation,&nbsp;</span><span style="font-size: 1rem;">the areas most affected by Anglicism, the different categories of&nbsp;</span><span style="font-size: 1rem;">Anglicism, the difference between French Anglicism in France and&nbsp;</span><span style="font-size: 1rem;">French-speaking Canada, the attitude of French-speaking society&nbsp;</span><span style="font-size: 1rem;">towards to the Anglicisms and their efforts to stop this phenomenon.&nbsp;</span><span style="font-size: 1rem;">The study shows that the areas affected are, among others, trade,&nbsp;</span><span style="font-size: 1rem;">travel, parliamentary and judicial institutions, sports, rail, industrial&nbsp;</span><span style="font-size: 1rem;">production and most recently film, industrial production, sport, oil industry, information technology,&nbsp;</span><span style="font-size: 1rem;">science and technology. Various initiatives have been implemented either by public institutions or by&nbsp;</span><span style="font-size: 1rem;">individuals who share concerns about the increasingly felt threat of the omnipresence of Anglicism in&nbsp;</span><span style="font-size: 1rem;">everyday life.</span></p>

Developing a K-CDA Implementation Guide for Applying Health Information Exchange Service in South Korea (Preprint)

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sung Won Jung ◽  
Sungchul Bae ◽  
Donghyeong Seong ◽  
Byoung-Kee Yi
Keyword(s):  
Information Exchange ◽  
Health Information Exchange ◽  
Expert Committee ◽  
Healthcare Information ◽  
Entry Level ◽  
Template Library ◽  
Value Sets ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
Document Level ◽  
Section Level

BACKGROUND Through several years of the healthcare information exchange based on the HIE project, some problems were found in the CDA documents generated. OBJECTIVE To fix some problems, we developed the K-CDA Implementation Guide (K means S. Korea) that conforms to the HL7 CDA, and suits the domestic conditions regarding the healthcare information. METHODS We achieved by analyzing HIE guideline and the U.S. C-CDA, and comparing each item. The items that required further discussion were reviewed by the expert committee. Based on the reviews, the previously developed templates were revised. RESULTS A total of 35 CDA templates were developed: five document-level templates, fourteen section-level templates, and sixteen entry-level templates. The 28 value sets used in the templates have been improved and the OIDs for HIE have been redefined CONCLUSIONS The K-CDA IG allows management in the form of a template library based on the definition of the General K-Header and the structured templates. This enables the K-CDA IG to respond to the expansion of national HIE templates with flexibility. For the K-CDA IG, the CDA template in current use was incorporated to the greatest extent possible, to minimize the scope of modifications. It enables the national HIE and the HIE with countries abroad.

Identity, Community and Belonging in gcc States

2018 ◽  
Vol 6 (4) ◽  
pp. 401-428
Author(s):  
Miriam R. Lowi
Keyword(s):  
Religious Affiliation ◽  
Protective Role ◽  
The Other ◽  
National Project ◽  
Scholarly Literature ◽  
National Community ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Definition Of

Studies of identity and belonging in Gulf monarchies tend to privilege tribal or religious affiliation, if not the protective role of the ruler as paterfamilias. I focus instead on the ubiquitous foreigner and explore ways in which s/he contributes to the definition of national community in contemporary gcc states. Building upon and moving beyond the scholarly literature on imported labor in the Gulf, I suggest that the different ‘categories’ of foreigners impact identity and the consolidation of a community of privilege, in keeping with the national project of ruling families. Furthermore, I argue that the ‘European,’ the non-gcc Arab, and the predominantly Asian (and increasingly African) laborer play similar, but also distinct roles in the delineation of national community: while they are differentially incorporated in ways that protect the ‘nation’ and appease the citizen-subject, varying degrees of marginality reflect Gulf society’s perceptions or aspirations of the difference between itself and ‘the other(s).’

scholarly journals A Risk-Based Strategy for Evaluating Mitigation Options for Process-Formed Compounds in Food

2016 ◽  
Vol 35 (3) ◽  
pp. 358-370 ◽  
Author(s):  
Paul Hanlon ◽  
Gregory P. Brorby ◽  
Mansi Krishan
Keyword(s):  
North America ◽  
Decision Tree ◽  
Scientific Community ◽  
Life Sciences ◽  
Technical Committee ◽  
Global Approach ◽  
Chemical Safety ◽  
The Public ◽  
The North ◽  
The Impact

Processing (eg, cooking, grinding, drying) has changed the composition of food throughout the course of human history; however, awareness of process-formed compounds, and the potential need to mitigate exposure to those compounds, is a relatively recent phenomenon. In May 2015, the North American Branch of the International Life Sciences Institute (ILSI North America) Technical Committee on Food and Chemical Safety held a workshop on the risk-based process for mitigation of process-formed compounds. This workshop aimed to gain alignment from academia, government, and industry on a risk-based process for proactively assessing the need for and benefit of mitigation of process-formed compounds, including criteria to objectively assess the impact of mitigation as well as research needed to support this process. Workshop participants provided real-time feedback on a draft framework in the form of a decision tree developed by the ILSI North America Technical Committee on Food and Chemical Safety to a panel of experts, and they discussed the importance of communicating the value of such a process to the larger scientific community and, ultimately, the public. The outcome of the workshop was a decision tree that can be used by the scientific community and could form the basis of a global approach to assessing the risks associated with mitigation of process-formed compounds.

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