Global Assessment System for Structural Safety in Large Size Storage Tanks

2004 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shinichi Kaita ◽  
Toshikazu Shibasaki ◽  
Takayasu Tahara
Keyword(s):  
Crude Oil ◽  
Global Assessment ◽  
Structural Integrity ◽  
Storage System ◽  
Assessment System ◽  
Structural Safety ◽  
Risk Level ◽  
Storage Tanks ◽  
Large Size

Considering long term stable supply of oil fuel, the world largest long-term storage system of crude oil has been installed in Japan. In order to ensure safety of large size above ground storage tanks, global assessment system for structural integrity of tank considering risk level and shut down inspection interval has been developed on Risk Based Inspection, RBI and Fitness-For-Service, FFS for storage tanks of crude oil for national security reserve.

scholarly journals Considerations for Grout Formulations for Facility Closures Using In Situ Strategies

2010 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michael J. Serrato ◽  
Christine A. Langton ◽  
John B. Gladden ◽  
John T. Long ◽  
John K. Blankenship ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
South Carolina ◽  
Heat Generation ◽  
Structural Integrity ◽  
Hydrogen Generation ◽  
High Heat ◽  
Heat Of Hydration ◽  
Department Of Energy ◽  
Large Size

The U.S. Department of Energy (DOE) is conducting in situ closures (entombment) at a large number of facilities throughout the complex. Among the largest closure actions currently underway are the closures of the P and R Reactors at the Savannah River Site (SRS), near Aiken, South Carolina. In these facilities, subgrade open spaces are being stabilized with grout; this ensures the long term structural integrity of the facilities and permanently immobilizes and isolates residual contamination. The large size and structural complexity of these facilities present a wide variety of challenges for the identification and selection of appropriate fill materials. Considerations for grout formulations must account for flowability, long term stability, set times, heat generation and interactions with materials within the structure. The large size and configuration of the facility necessitates that grout must be pumped from the exterior to the spaces to be filled, which requires that the material must retain a high degree of flowability to move through piping without clogging while achieving the required leveling properties at the pour site. Set times and curing properties must be controlled to meet operations schedules, while not generating sufficient heat to compromise the properties of the fill material. The properties of residual materials can result in additional requirements for grout formulations. If significant quantities of aluminum are present in the facility, common formulations of highly alkaline grouts may not be appropriate because of the potential for hydrogen generation with the resultant risks. SRS is developing specialized inorganic grout formulations that are designed to address this issue. One circum-neutral chemical grout formulation identified for initial consideration did not possess the proper chemical characteristics, having exceptionally short set times and high heat of hydration. Research efforts are directed toward developing grout formulations that can meet operational requirements for chemical compatibility, extended set times and reduced heat generation.

Modern Possibilities of Organ-Preserving Treatment in Children with Intraocular Retinoblastoma

2018 ◽  
Vol 5 (3) ◽  
pp. 175-187 ◽  
Author(s):  
O. V. Gorovtsova ◽  
T. L. Ushakova ◽  
V. G. Polyakov
Keyword(s):  
Drug Delivery ◽  
Survival Rate ◽  
Cancer Therapy ◽  
Neoadjuvant Chemotherapy ◽  
Patient Survival ◽  
Focal Therapy ◽  
Local Drug Delivery ◽  
Large Size ◽  
Intraocular Retinoblastoma

Retinoblastoma is one of highly curable diseases; today the total 5-year survival rate in patients with retinoblastoma exceeds 95%. The article summarizes the current world experience on treatment of patients with intraocular retinoblastoma. The treating skills of intraocular malignant tumor in children are a balance between the patient’s life and the preservation of an eye and its visual functions. The complex and challenging task is the treatment of common intraocular retinoblastoma groups «C», «D», «E» when the large size or localization of the tumor does not allow performing the local (focal) destruction of the tumor. As a rule, in such cases neoadjuvant chemotherapy (CT) is performed at the first stage in order to reduce the size of the tumor for further focal therapy. However, the analysed data on the effectiveness of neoadjuvant CT in combination with focal or radiotherapy demonstrated the limited possibilities of the proposed therapy. Local drug delivery in cancer therapy became a real breakthrough in the organ-preserving treatment of children with large intraocular retinoblastoma. The most widely used current methods of local drug delivery are intravitreal (IVitC) and selective intra-arterial chemotherapy (SIAC) as monotherapy or in combination with neoadjuvant CT and focal therapy which significantly increased the percentage of preserved eyes without radiotherapy administration or damage to the patient survival. The review discusses the different IVitC and SIAC techniques, chemotherapy schemes, dosages of chemotherapy, immediate and long-term complications of treatment.

Determinants of Inflation in Vietnam: A VECM Approach

2015 ◽  
Vol 22 (04) ◽  
pp. 26-50
Author(s):  
Ngoc Tran Thi Bich ◽  
Huong Pham Hoang Cam
Keyword(s):  
Interest Rate ◽  
Crude Oil ◽  
Error Correction ◽  
Budget Deficit ◽  
Oil Prices ◽  
Crude Oil Prices ◽  
Domestic Credit ◽  
Short Run ◽  
The Impact

This paper aims to examine the main determinants of inflation in Vietnam during the period from 2002Q1 to 2013Q2. The cointegration theory and the Vector Error Correction Model (VECM) approach are used to examine the impact of domestic credit, interest rate, budget deficit, and crude oil prices on inflation in both long and short terms. The results show that while there are long-term relations among inflation and the others, such factors as oil prices, domestic credit, and interest rate, in the short run, have no impact on fluctuations of inflation. Particularly, the budget deficit itself actually has a short-run impact, but its level is fundamentally weak. The cause of the current inflation is mainly due to public's expectations of the inflation in the last period. Although the error correction, from the long-run relationship, has affected inflation in the short run, the coefficient is small and insignificant. In other words, it means that the speed of the adjustment is very low or near zero. This also implies that once the relationship among inflation, domestic credit, interest rate, budget deficit, and crude oil prices deviate from the long-term trend, it will take the economy a lot of time to return to the equilibrium state.

Individual differences in white and grey matter structure associated with verbal habits of thought

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Justin C. Hayes ◽  
Katherine L Alfred ◽  
Rachel Pizzie ◽  
Joshua S. Cetron ◽  
David J. M. Kraemer
Keyword(s):  
Individual Differences ◽  
White Matter ◽  
Cognitive Processing ◽  
Grey Matter ◽  
Structural Changes ◽  
Structural Integrity ◽  
Diffusion Tensor ◽  
Self Report ◽  
White Matter Tracts

Modality specific encoding habits account for a significant portion of individual differences reflected in functional activation during cognitive processing. Yet, little is known about how these habits of thought influence long-term structural changes in the brain. Traditionally, habits of thought have been assessed using self-report questionnaires such as the visualizer-verbalizer questionnaire. Here, rather than relying on subjective reports, we measured habits of thought using a novel behavioral task assessing attentional biases toward picture and word stimuli. Hypothesizing that verbal habits of thought are reflected in the structural integrity of white matter tracts and cortical regions of interest, we used diffusion tensor imaging and volumetric analyses to assess this prediction. Using a whole-brain approach, we show that word bias is associated with increased volume in several bilateral language regions, in both white and grey matter parcels. Additionally, connectivity within white matter tracts within an a priori speech production network increased as a function of word bias. These results demonstrate long-term structural and morphological differences associated with verbal habits of thought.

scholarly journals Contributions to Management Strategies in the NE Atlantic Regarding the Life History and Population Structure of a Key Deep-Sea Fish (Mora moro)

Biology ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (6) ◽  
pp. 522
Author(s):  
Régis Santos ◽  
Wendell Medeiros-Leal ◽  
Osman Crespo ◽  
Ana Novoa-Pabon ◽  
Mário Pinho
Keyword(s):  
Population Structure ◽  
Life History ◽  
Deep Sea ◽  
Management Strategies ◽  
Size Composition ◽  
Large Size ◽  
The Common ◽  
Fishing Impacts ◽  
Sea Fish

With the commercial fishery expansion to deeper waters, some vulnerable deep-sea species have been increasingly captured. To reduce the fishing impacts on these species, exploitation and management must be based on detailed and precise information about their biology. The common mora Mora moro has become the main deep-sea species caught by longliners in the Northeast Atlantic at depths between 600 and 1200 m. In the Azores, landings have more than doubled from the early 2000s to recent years. Despite its growing importance, its life history and population structure are poorly understood, and the current stock status has not been assessed. To better determine its distribution, biology, and long-term changes in abundance and size composition, this study analyzed a fishery-dependent and survey time series from the Azores. M. moro was found on mud and rock bottoms at depths below 300 m. A larger–deeper trend was observed, and females were larger and more abundant than males. The reproductive season took place from August to February. Abundance indices and mean sizes in the catch were marked by changes in fishing fleet operational behavior. M. moro is considered vulnerable to overfishing because it exhibits a long life span, a large size, slow growth, and a low natural mortality.

scholarly journals Development and Validation of a Post-Earthquake Safety Assessment System for High-Rise Buildings Using Acceleration Measurements

Mathematics ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (15) ◽  
pp. 1758
Author(s):  
Koji Tsuchimoto ◽  
Yasutaka Narazaki ◽  
Billie F. Spencer
Keyword(s):  
Safety Assessment ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Model Updating ◽  
Safety Evaluation ◽  
Assessment System ◽  
Shaking Table ◽  
Structural Safety ◽  
High Rise ◽  
Steel Building ◽  
Earthquake Safety

After a major seismic event, structural safety inspections by qualified experts are required prior to reoccupying a building and resuming operation. Such manual inspections are generally performed by teams of two or more experts and are time consuming, labor intensive, subjective in nature, and potentially put the lives of the inspectors in danger. The authors reported previously on the system for a rapid post-earthquake safety assessment of buildings using sparse acceleration data. The proposed framework was demonstrated using simulation of a five-story steel building modeled with three-dimensional nonlinear analysis subjected to historical earthquakes. The results confirmed the potential of the proposed approach for rapid safety evaluation of buildings after seismic events. However, experimental validation on large-scale structures is required prior to field implementation. Moreover, an extension to the assessment of high-rise buildings, such as those commonly used for residences and offices in modern cities, is needed. To this end, a 1/3-scale 18-story experimental steel building tested on the shaking table at E-Defense in Japan is considered. The importance of online model updating of the linear building model used to calculate the Damage Sensitive Features (DSFs) during the operation is also discussed. Experimental results confirm the efficacy of the proposed approach for rapid post-earthquake safety evaluation for high-rise buildings. Finally, a cost-benefit analysis with respect to the number of sensors used is presented.

scholarly journals Most Frequent Problems of Building Structures of Urban Apartment Buildings from 2nd Half of 19th Century and the Start of 20th Century

Buildings ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 27
Author(s):  
Klara Kroftova
Keyword(s):  
20Th Century ◽  
19Th Century ◽  
Residential Building ◽  
Structural Safety ◽  
Horizontal Load ◽  
Building Structures ◽  
Speed Up ◽  
The 19Th Century ◽  
Basic Prerequisite

An urban residential building from the second half of the 19th century and the start of the 20th century, the so-called tenement house, is a significant representative of the architecture of the developing urban fabric in Central Europe. The vertical and horizontal load-bearing structures of these houses currently tend to show characteristic, repeated defects and failures. Their knowledge may, in many cases, facilitate and speed up the design of the historic building’s restoration without compromising its heritage value in this process. The article presents the summary of the most frequently occurring defects and failures of these buildings. The summary, however, is not an absolute one, and, in the case of major damage to the building, it still applies that, first of all, a detailed analysis of the causes and consequences of defects and failures must be made as a basic prerequisite for the reliability and long-term durability of the building’s restoration and rehabilitation. An integral part of the rehabilitation of buildings must be the elimination of the causes of the appearance of their failures and remediation of all defects impairing their structural safety, health safety and energy efficiency.

CHARACTERIZATION OF SLUDGE WAXES FROM CRUDE OIL STORAGE TANKS HANDLING OFFSHORE CRUDE

1997 ◽  
Vol 15 (7-8) ◽  
pp. 755-764 ◽  
Author(s):  
S.A. Fazal ◽  
R. Rai ◽  
G.C. Joshi
Keyword(s):  
Crude Oil ◽  
Storage Tanks ◽  
Oil Storage

Structural Safety Assessment of a 1100 TEU Container Ship, Based on a Enhanced Long Term Fatigue Analysis

2014 ◽  
Vol 1036 ◽  
pp. 935-940
Author(s):  
Leonard Domnisoru ◽  
Ionica Rubanenco ◽  
Mihaela Amoraritei
Keyword(s):  
Safety Assessment ◽  
Safety Evaluation ◽  
Irregular Waves ◽  
Structural Safety ◽  
Random Wave ◽  
Wave Loads ◽  
Strength Assessment ◽  
Integrated Method ◽  
Hydroelastic Response

This paper is focused on an enhanced integrated method for structural safety assessment of maritime ships under extreme random wave loads. In this study is considered an 1100 TEU container test ship, with speed range 0 to 18 knots. The most comprehensive criteria for ships structural safety evaluation over the whole exploitation life is based on the long term ship structures analysis, that includes: stress hot-spots evaluation by 3D/1D-FEM hull models, computation of short term ship dynamic response induced by irregular waves, long term fatigue structure assessment. The analysis is enhanced by taking into account the ships speed influence on hydroelastic response. The study includes a comparative analysis on two scenarios for the correlation between the ships speed and waves intensity. The standard constant ship speed scenario and CENTEC scenario, with total speed loss at extreme waves condition, are considered. Instead of 20 years ship exploitation life estimated by classification societies rules from the long term structural safety criteria, the enhanced method has predicted more restrictive values of 14.4-15.7 years. The numerical analyses are based on own software and user subroutines. The study made possible to have a more realistic approach of ships structural strength assessment, for elastic and faster ships as container carriers, in compare to the standard one based only on naval rules, delivering a method with higher confidence in the designed structural safety.

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