Performance of the SES/Boeing Dish Stirling System

2001 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kenneth W. Stone ◽  
Eric Leingang ◽  
Gerry Rodriguez ◽  
Jonathan Paisley ◽  
Jean-Paul Nguyen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Operating Time ◽  
Electrical Energy ◽  
Stirling Engine ◽  
Department Of Energy ◽  
Manufacturing Cost ◽  
Net Energy ◽  
System Availability ◽  
Individual System ◽  
Daily Energy ◽  
Critical Components

Abstract The operation of Stirling Energy Systems’ Stirling Dish system and components, originally built and tested during the mid 1980s by McDonnell Douglas [Lopez, 1993] and operated in the Department of Energy Dish Engine Critical Components (DECC) Program since 1998 is presented in this paper. The operating time, performance, and system availability are presented. The data show that the Kockums Stirling engine has accumulated over 8,200 hours of on-sun operating time, has generated over 115 MWh of electrical energy, and has accumulated more than 15,000 hours of test cell operating time since April of 1998 in the DECC Program. Power measurements indicate that the system performs the same as it did in the 1980s. The daily energy plots show net energy efficiency between 24% to 27% when the daily energy available exceeds 600 kWh. System availability data during the 1998/1999 testing period shows that the system was available over 94% of the time when the insolation exceeded 300 W/m2. The data presented herein focuses on three power conversion units (PCUs) and two solar concentrators, which are tested in various combinations and as individual system components. During later parts of the testing cycle, one of the engines, PCU 209, included newly manufactured Stirling engine components (regenerators and coolers) as part of a manufacturing cost reduction program.

scholarly journals The Analysis of Electrical Energy Consumption of the Impact Screwdriver During Assembly of Fixed Threaded Joints

2017 ◽  
Vol 54 (3) ◽  
pp. 50-57 ◽  
Author(s):  
I. Grinevich ◽  
Vl. Nikishin ◽  
N. Mozga ◽  
M. Laitans
Keyword(s):  
Energy Consumption ◽  
Operating Time ◽  
Electrical Energy ◽  
Operating Mode ◽  
Electrical Energy Consumption ◽  
Impact Mechanism ◽  
Threaded Joints ◽  
Rotor Head ◽  
Product Costs ◽  
The Impact

Abstract The paper deals with the possibilities of reducing the consumption of electrical energy of the impact screwdriver during the assembly of fixed threaded joints. The recommendations related to a decrease in electrical energy consumption would allow reducing product costs but so far there have been no such recommendations from the producers of the tool as to the effective operating regimes of the impact screwdrivers in relation to electrical energy consumption and necessary tightening moment of the nut. The aim of the study is to find out the economical operating mode of the electrical impact screwdriver when assembling fixed threaded joints. By varying the set speed of the rotor head and working time of the impact mechanism, there is an opportunity to determine electrical energy consumption of the tool for the given tightening moment. The results of the experiment show that at the same tightening moment obtained the electrical energy consumption of the impact screwdriver is less at a higher starting set speed of the rotor head but shorter operating time of the impact mechanism than at a lower speed of the rotor head and longer operating time of the impact mechanism.

scholarly journals A Comprehensive 3D-Molded Bone Flap Protocol for Patient-Specific Cranioplasty

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Raphael Bertani ◽  
Caio Moreno Perret Novo ◽  
Pedro Henrique Freitas ◽  
Amanda Amorin Nunes ◽  
Thiago Nunes Palhares ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Additive Manufacturing ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Selective Laser Sintering ◽  
Operating Time ◽  
Ct Scanning ◽  
Patient Specific ◽  
Manufacturing Cost ◽  
Post Processing ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Cranial Defect

Abstract We present a detailed step-by-step approach for the low-cost production and surgical implantation of cranial prostheses, aimed at restoring aesthetics, cerebral protection, and facilitating neurological rehabilitation. This protocol uses combined scan computed tomography (CT) cross-sectional images, in DICOM format, along with a 3D printing (additive manufacturing) setup. The in-house developed software InVesalius®️ is an open-source tool for medical imaging manipulation. The protocol describes image acquisition (CT scanning) procedures, and image post-processing procedures such as image segmentation, surface/volume rendering, mesh generation of a 3D digital model of the cranial defect and the desired prostheses, and their preparation for use in 3D printers. Furthermore, the protocol describes a detailed powder bed fusion additive manufacturing process, known as Selective Laser Sintering (SLS), using Polyamide (PA12) as feedstock to produce a 3-piece customized printed set per patient. Each set consists of a “cranial defect printout” and a “testing prosthesis” to assemble parts for precision testing, and a cranial “prostheses mold” in 2 parts to allow for the intraoperative modeling of the final implant cast using the medical grade Poly(methyl methacrylate) (PMMA) in a time span of a few min. The entire 3D processing time, including modelling, design, production, post-processing and qualification, takes approximately 42 h. Modeling the PMMA flap with a critical thickness of 4 mm by means of Finite Element Method (FEM) assures mechanical and impact properties to be slightly weaker than the bone tissue around it, a safety design to prevent fracturing the skull after a possible subsequent episode of head injury. On a parallel track, the Protocol seeks to provide guidance in the context of equipment, manufacturing cost and troubleshooting. Customized 3D PMMA prostheses offers a reduced operating time, good biocompatibility, and great functional and aesthetic outcomes. Additionally, it offers greater than 15-fold cost advantage over the usage of other materials, including metallic parts produced by additive manufacturing.

Impact of Rooftop PV Shading on Net Electrical Energy Demand of Buildings in Pakistan

2021 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
pp. 45-49
Author(s):  
Muhammad Umar Maqbool ◽  
Arslan Dawood Butt ◽  
Abdul Rauf Bhatti ◽  
Yawar Ali Sheikh ◽  
Muhammad Waleed Asif
Keyword(s):  
Energy Demand ◽  
Heat Load ◽  
Layer Structure ◽  
Electrical Energy ◽  
Position Angle ◽  
Net Energy ◽  
Ambient Conditions ◽  
Pv System ◽  
Roof Structure ◽  
The Impact

This work performs a quantitative assessment of the impact of rooftop PV installation on building’s net energy demand using model of roof structure and steady state thermal simulations. For this purpose, roof structure typically used in Faisalabad, Pakistan is modeled with and without the shading effect due to a 395 W commercial rooftop PV setup. The simulated parameters include the impact of PV module’s dimensions, mounting position/angle alongside roof size and ambient conditions on heat load of air-conditioning system to maintain a temperature of 25 °C within building’s top floor. During the daylight hours of July, the heat load added by the roof on average reduces from 150.87 BTU/h/m2 without PV to 118.16 BTU/h/m2 with PV structure. This 20.05% reduction in energy demand has been achieved with July’s maximum daytime solar and infrared irradiances of 792.2 W/m2 and 466 W/m2 recorded at an average ambient temperature of 35.5 °C and wind speed of 2.75 m/s. This study provides valuable data on optimization of roof layer structure during building’s construction in anticipation of PV system installation at a later stage. Also developed techniques/methods to reduce building’s energy budget due to PV installation, can be valuable input for construction industry as well.

Development of Hybrid Artificial Neural Network for Quantifying Energy Saving using Measurement and Verification

2017 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
pp. 137
Author(s):  
Wan n Nazirah Wan Md Adna ◽  
Nofri Yenita Dahlan ◽  
Ismail Musirin
Keyword(s):  
Neural Network ◽  
Artificial Neural Network ◽  
Energy Use ◽  
Model Development ◽  
Operating Time ◽  
Electrical Energy ◽  
Measurement And Verification ◽  
Artificial Neural ◽  
Artificial Neural Network Ann ◽  
Hybrid Artificial Neural Network

This paper presents a Hybrid Artificial Neural Network (HANN) for chiller system Measurement and Verification (M&V) model development. In this work, hybridization of Evolutionary Programming (EP) and Artificial Neural Network (ANN) are considered in modeling the baseline electrical energy consumption for a chiller system hence quantifying saving. EP with coefficient of correlation (R) objective function is used in optimizing the neural network training process and selecting the optimal values of ANN initial weights and biases. Three inputs that are affecting energy use of the chiller system are selected; 1) operating time, 2) refrigerant tonnage and 3) differential temperature. The output is hourly energy use of building air-conditioning system. The HANN model is simulated with 16 different structures and the results reveal that all HANN structures produce higher prediction performance with R is above 0.977. The best structure with the highest value of R is selected as the baseline model hence is used to determine the saving. The avoided energy calculated from this model is 132944.59 kWh that contributes to 1.38% of saving percentage.

scholarly journals ESTIMASI POTENSI BIOGAS DARI PALM OIL MILL EFFLUENT (POME) PABRIK KELAPA SAWIT DI PROVINSI JAMBI

2018 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
pp. 17
Author(s):  
Guntar Marolop S ◽  
Hadrah Hadrah
Keyword(s):  
Palm Oil ◽  
Process Management ◽  
Operating Time ◽  
Treatment Plant ◽  
Electrical Energy ◽  
Extraction Process ◽  
Palm Oil Mill Effluent ◽  
Energy Potential ◽  
Palm Oil Mill ◽  
Land Exploitation

The increasing of palm oil mills as a result of an increase in public interest of land exploitation to produce  palm oil can cause high environmental pollution if the waste oil generated were not managed properly. Palm Oil Mill Effluent (POME) is the wastewater generated by palm oil extraction process. On the other hand, POME is a renewable energy source. To address the need for electrical energy increases, the monitoring of POME is an effort that needs to be studied because POME is no longer a pollutant to the environment but a helpful resource.This study uses field data collection in the form of POME volume and treatment plant process management to determine the COD levels so that the estimation of total biogas can be done. Based on the calculation of the energy potential of POME in Jambi province with  processing capacity of the entire Province amounted to 1,230 tons FFB / hour, 20 hours operating time / day and COD content of 50,000 mg / L, the amount of energy can be obtained is 737.712 MWh / day or 269.26 GWh / Year.Keywords: POME, biogas, energy

scholarly journals Implementación de Motor Stirling para generación de energía eléctrica limpia empleando una lente de Fresnel

2019 ◽  
pp. 4-9
Author(s):  
Hilario López-Xelo ◽  
José Juan Hernández-Medina ◽  
Rene Pérez-Martínez ◽  
José Luis Cabrera-Pérez
Keyword(s):  
Energy Demand ◽  
Fossil Fuels ◽  
Electrical Energy ◽  
Fresnel Lens ◽  
Manufacturing Cost ◽  
Toxic Emissions ◽  
Proposed Model ◽  
Parabolic Dish ◽  
Parabolic Dish Concentrator ◽  
Relative Design

In search of expanding the generation of electric power and reduce the burning of fossil fuels. It is proposed to use the tools that already have and the necessary information to make a prototype of Alfa type Stirling engine, which is a thermal machine with low levels of noise and toxic emissions, that its relative design is of low manufacturing cost for the generation of clean electrical energy, for the heating we will use a Fresnel lens with the purpose of satisfying the thermal energy demand of the same, in the sense of achieving the best angle of capture of solar rays, at the same time achieving the highest concentration of heat possible for the heating angle of the motor. The validation of the proposed model is based on experimental results, using the information obtained from the production of electrical energy, with this the validation of the prototype will be performed, similar to the solar parabolic dish concentrator.

scholarly journals Generación de energía eléctrica en la edificación mediante tecnología de disco Stirling =Electrical energy generation in building by means of Stirling dish technology

2017 ◽  
Vol 3 (2) ◽  
pp. 9
Author(s):  
Carlos Morón ◽  
Daniel Ferrández ◽  
Jorge Pablo Díaz ◽  
Pablo Saiz
Keyword(s):  
Production Systems ◽  
Real Data ◽  
Electrical Energy ◽  
Stirling Engine ◽  
Single Family ◽  
Expected Performance ◽  
New Energy ◽  
Increasing Demand ◽  
High Level

ResumenLa creciente demanda de energía acompañada de los elevados niveles de emisión de gases contaminantes a la atmosfera hace patente la necesidad de encontrar nuevos sistemas de producción de energía. Una de las posibles alternativas se encuentra en la energía solar de concentración, y más concretamente en la tecnología termosolar con motor Stirling que alcanza unos niveles de rendimiento muy superiores a la energía solar fotovoltaica en cuanto a producción de energía eléctrica. En este trabajo se muestra el diseño y la caracterización de un prototipo de captador paraboloidal con motor Stirling, que permite obtener datos reales del funcionamiento de este tipo de sistemas. Esto permitirá modelizar de manera real el comportamiento esperado de equipos comerciales reales antes de abordar su implantación en edificios y viviendas unifamiliares.AbstractThe increasing demand for energy accompanied by high level of emission of the contaminating gases into the atmosphere underscores the need to find new energy production systems. One of the possible alternatives is concentrating solar power and, more specifically, solar thermal technology with a Stirling engine that reaches higher performance levels than photovoltaic solar energy in terms of electricity generation. This paper shows the design and characterization of a prototype paraboloidal collector with a Stirling engine that allows obtaining real data of this type of systems functioning. This will allow modelling in a real way of expected performance of real commercial devices before approaching their introduction in buildings and single-family houses.

scholarly journals Analysis of CO2 reduction with micro CHP facility: Renewable energies and Stirling engine

2021 ◽  
Vol 313 ◽  
pp. 06002
Author(s):  
Juan A. Auñon-Hidalgo ◽  
Mariano Sidrach de Cardona ◽  
Fernando Auñón-Rodríguez ◽  
Marta Cordón
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Dioxide Emissions ◽  
Lithium Ion ◽  
Electrical Energy ◽  
Energy Generation ◽  
Stirling Engine ◽  
Environmental Data ◽  
Water Tank ◽  
Photovoltaic Array ◽  
Unit Energy ◽  
Mode Of Operation

The Cogeneration laboratory is a research facility in the University of Málaga (UMA) that allows for the behavioural study of a renewable energy installation combining solar resources and micro-CHP. Energy generation in the system is provided by a 3 kWp photovoltaic array, two solar thermal connectors and a Whispergen EU1 Stirling micro-CHP unit. Energy storage in the facility is provided by water tank and lithium-ion battery. This laboratory is managed through a programmable Mitsubishi PLC that permits the simulation of different thermal and electrical load profiles, as well as the mode of operation. The electrical energy management is controlled by the solar inverter. Environmental data, are measured using a top of the line weather station.The system’s real time status is logged through the programmable PLC. All this data is transferred and analysed in a purpose-built MATLAB-based software, where power and energy balances are conducted, efficiencies are calculated, and a CO2 emissions evaluation is studied.The CO2 emissions analysis is carried to evaluate the carbon dioxide emissions generated by the facility when the electrical and thermal demand are provided by the joint solar and micro-CHP system. These emissions come from the burning of natural gas in the micro-CHP Stirling engine, and the usage of electricity from the grid. With the current mode of operation, a reduction of up to 70% in CO2 emissions has been achieved, with an energy generation that exceeds the demand.

Observations in energy balance in man during spaceflight

1977 ◽  
Vol 233 (5) ◽  
pp. R208-R212 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. C. Rambaut ◽  
C. S. Leach ◽  
J. I. Leonard
Keyword(s):  
Energy Balance ◽  
Energy Input ◽  
Energy Content ◽  
Metabolic Energy ◽  
Net Energy ◽  
Total Body Potassium ◽  
Daily Energy Intake ◽  
Daily Energy ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Total Body

An investigation was undertaken of the changes in metabolic energy balance which occur in weightlessness. Daily energy intake was determined each day throughout the 28-, 59-, and 84-day flights for each of the nine Skylab astronauts. The energy content of the urine and feces was also measured. Changes in body composition were inferred from measurements of weight, volume, water, and total exchangeable potassium before and after flight. During flight changes were followed by a daily measurement of body mass and by metabolic balance. Examination of the data reveal losses in body weight during the 1st and 2nd mo of flight, a loss in body water and protein during the 1st mo, and a loss of fat during the 1st, 2nd, and 3rd mo of flight. The energy input was about 41.7 kcal/kg per day on the ground, and 43.7 kcal/kg per day after 3 mo in space. The increase in net energy input of about 1.6% per mo is significant (P less than 0.05). When the net energy input is expressed on the basis of total body potassium, the increase in the resulting “noramlized” net energy input of about 3.7% per mo is also significant (P less than 0.05).

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