Study on Biodegradable Lubricants: Improvement in Oxidation Stability of Vegetable Oils

Author(s):  
Jiusheng Li

To improve the oxidation stability of vegetable oil, several chemical reactions such as transesterification, polymerization and epoxidation were used to reduce the content of unsaturated bonds in their molecules. The results of oxidation test indicate that epoxidation is an available method to improve the oxidation stabilities of vegetable oils. The efficiencies of antioxidants used for protection of rapeseed oil from oxidation were studied using PDSC, and the active energies of oil samples were calculated by using Arrhenius equation.

2014 ◽  
Vol 1030-1032 ◽  
pp. 1197-1200
Author(s):  
Martin Pexa ◽  
Jakub Mařík ◽  
Jakub Čedík ◽  
Zdeněk Aleš ◽  
Petr Valášek

This paper deals with the use of vegetable oils as fuels for internal combustion engines. The use of pure vegetable oils is usually not possible due to its properties, especially for higher density and viscosity. If vegetable oil is used as 100% fuel, then it cannot do without adjustment of the engine. Without adjustments of the combustion engine the fuel can burn blended with vegetable oil so it does not significantly exceeded the requirements of the internal combustion engine to its properties. Application of admixtures of rapeseed oil and oil from Jatropha Curcas in ratio 5.5 and 19.7% provides minimal to almost no effect on the performance parameters of the internal combustion engine, but positively translates to reduce emissions (particularly smoke and carbon monoxide).


2013 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
pp. 75-80
Author(s):  
M. Hossain ◽  
S.M.A Sujan ◽  
M.S. Jamal

Two different phenolic synthetic antioxidants were used to improve the oxidation stability of fish oil biodiesel blends with vegetable oil biodiesel and petroleum diesel. Butylhydroxytoluene (BHT) most effective for improvement of the oxidation stability of petro diesel, whereas  tert-butylhydroquinone (TBHQ) showed good performance in fish oil biodiesel. Fish oil/Rapeseed oil biodiesel mixed showed some acceptable results in higher concentration ofantioxidants. TBHQ showed better oxidation stability than BHT in B100 composition. In fish oil biodiesel/diesel mixed fuel, BHT was more effective antioxidant than TBHQ to increase oxidationstability because BHT is more soluble than TBHQ. The stability behavior of biodiesel/diesel blends with the employment of the modified Rancimat method (EN 15751). The performance ofantioxidants was evaluated for treating fish oil biodiesel/Rapeseed oil biodiesel for B100, and blends with two type diesel fuel (deep sulfurization diesel and automotive ultra-low sulfur or zero sulfur diesels). The examined blends were in proportions of 5, 10, 15, and 20% by volume of fish oilbiodiesel.


Transport ◽  
2011 ◽  
Vol 26 (2) ◽  
pp. 121-127 ◽  
Author(s):  
Raimondas Kreivaitis ◽  
Juozas Padgurskas ◽  
Milda Gumbytė ◽  
Violeta Makarevičienė ◽  
Bronislovas Spruogis

Approximately a half of all consumed lubricants, in one or another way, end up in the environment. Some countries put forward recommendations or even requirements for the use of environmentally friendly bio-lubricants the purpose of which is to reduce a negative influence of lubricants. The priority areas of using environmentally friendly lubricants cover water transport, hydraulic systems in forestry machinery, railway applications, road building machines etc. Particularly it is the case when an increased possibility of putting a lubricant in the environment occurs. Regarding good lubricity and excellent biodegradability, vegetable oils are widely used as environmentally friendly lubricants. The biggest disadvantage of vegetable oils as base stock for lubricants is pure oxidation stability. This article deals with the influence of thermal oxidation on tribological properties of rapeseed oil. The obtained results show that oxidation decreases lubrication ability due to structural changes in oil. The greatest negative influence of oxidation is obtained at the end of the induction period. Santrauka Gerai žinomas faktas, jog apie pusė visų šiuo metu naudojamų alyvų vienokiu ar kitokiu būdu patenka į aplinką. Siekiant sumažinti tepamųjų medžiagų neigiamą įtaką aplinkai, tam tikrose srityse rekomenduojama, o kai kuriose šalyse net reikalaujama naudoti aplinkai nekenkiančias biologines tepamąsias medžiagas. Susidaro didesnė galimybė šioms medžiagoms tiesiogiai patekti į aplinką ir prioritetinėmis šių medžiagų naudojimo sritimis yra laikomas vandens transportas, miškų ūkio mašinų hidraulinės sistemos, geležinkelio mechanizmai, kelių tiesimo mašinos ir kt. Dėl gerų tepamųjų savybių ir gero biologinio suirstamumo augaliniai aliejai yra gana plačiai naudojami gaminant aplinkai nekenkiančias alyvas. Didžiausias tokių bazinių tepamųjų medžiagų trūkumas yra palyginti mažas atsparumas oksidacijai. Šiame straipsnyje nagrinėjama rapsų aliejaus oksidacijos įtaka jo tribologinėms savybėms. Gauti rezultatai rodo, jog aliejaus oksidacija dėl jame vykstančių struktūrinių pokyčių padidina trinties nuostolius ir paviršių nusidėvėjimą, didžiausią įtaką šiems parametrams darydama pasibaigus alyvos oksidacijos indukciniam periodui. Резюме Хорошо известен факт, что около половины применяемого масла попадает в окружающую среду. С целью сократить вред, наносимый окружающей среде от этих выбросов, рекомендуется, а в некото рых странах и требуется применение в некоторых областях биологических смазочных материалов. Приоритетными областями для применения этих материалов являются водный транспорт, гидравлические системы машин лесного хозяйства, механизмы железной дороги, машины для строительства дорог и др., т. е. те, в которых имеется повышенная возможность попадания смазочных материалов в окружающую среду. Растительные масла из-за хороших смазочных свойств и быстрого биологического распада широко применяются при производстве биологических масел. Наибольшим недостатком таких базовых масел является их относительно небольшая стойкость к оксидации. В представляемой статье приведены результаты исследований влияния оксидации рапсового масла на его трибологические свойства. Полученные результаты показывают, что оксидация масла из-за происходящих в нем структурных изменений увеличивает потери на трение и изнашивание поверхности, наибольшее влияние проявляется при окончании индукционного периода оксидации масла.


2020 ◽  
Vol 1 (10) ◽  
pp. 94-100
Author(s):  
Yu. V. RAGULINA ◽  

The article is devoted to the issues of placing seed production in the conditions of world export of vegetable oils. In 2019, the volume of Russian exports of sunflower oil exceeded 3 million tons for a total of $ 2,2 billion, which is about 30% of the vegetable oil produced in the country. In Russia, the main oilseeds are sunflower, rapeseed, and soy. Less common crops include oilseed flax, ginger, mustard, and safflower. It is stated that in 2001–2019, the acreage of all types of oilseeds in the country increased by more than 2 times, and the gross harvest – by 3,3 times, while the yield increased by 1,4 times.


2011 ◽  
Vol 35 (8) ◽  
pp. 3687-3697 ◽  
Author(s):  
Grau Baquero ◽  
Bernat Esteban ◽  
Jordi-Roger Riba ◽  
Antoni Rius ◽  
Rita Puig

2015 ◽  
Vol 813-814 ◽  
pp. 695-699
Author(s):  
S. Arumugam ◽  
G. Sriram ◽  
A. Hemanth Sai Kumar Chowdary ◽  
Janga Subramanya Sai

The rising demand for environmentally acceptable lubricant has led researchers to look to vegetable oils as an alternative to petroleum based lubricants. Vegetable oils have radically distinctive properties owing to their unique chemical structure which have greater ability to lubricate and have higher biodegradability. In spite of advantages, they are limited to inadequate thermo-oxidative stability and poor low-temperature properties which hinder their utilization. In the present study in order to produce a bio lubricant with good thermo-oxidative stability, rapeseed oil was subjected to two different chemical modification techniques viz., epoxidation method and successive transesterification method. The thermo-oxidative stability of formulated oil was analysed using Thermo Gravimetric Analysis (TGA). TGA analysis divulges that the thermo-oxidative stability of rapeseed oil was greatly improved with the epoxidation method in comparison with the successive transesterification method.


2012 ◽  
Vol 36 (5) ◽  
pp. 543-550 ◽  
Author(s):  
Clitor Junior Fernandes de Souza ◽  
Edwin Elard Garcia Rojas

This work characterizes the emulsifying properties of systems containing egg yolk (0.1; 1.0 and 2.5 % w/v) and polysaccharides (xanthan gum, carrageen, pectin and carboxymethylcellulose) and three different vegetable oils (sunflower, canola, and palm oils). Emulsifying activity and emulsion stability were measured of each combination and it was found the effect of the oil on emulsion stability correlated to the amount of monounsaturated fatty acid. Additionally, increased egg yolk concentration increased emulsifying activity by reducing coalescence of oil droplets. Lastly, 2.5% egg yolk and 0.2% polysaccharide generated emulsions with high emulsifying activity, excellent stability, and droplet size of 4.32 µm.


2018 ◽  
Vol 40 ◽  
pp. 61
Author(s):  
Eliane Ferreira de Souza ◽  
Talita Cuenca Pina Moreira Ramos ◽  
Mikaelly Nayara Santos ◽  
Juliana Rodrigues Ferraz ◽  
Margarete Soares da Silva ◽  
...  

The objetive of this study was to evaluate the eugenol antioxidant efficiency on the oxidation stability of commercial biodiesel synthesized from soybean oil (SB) and wast fring oil (ORB) by determining induction period (IP) and acid number (AN) during storage at 10 °C or in accelerated oxidation test at 85 °C. For the oxidation stability evaluation, the Rancimat method (EN 14112) and AN (ASTM D664) analyses were used. The initial studies showed that the antioxidants eugenol and TBHQ when added separately increased IP values for the two types of biodiesel analyzed. During the storage at 10 °C, the IP was reduced for all samples. However, the lowest reduction percentages were for samples containing eugenol (-2.07 and -11.30% for SB and ORB, respectively). In relation to AN, the samples with the antioxidant eugenol led a greater decrease of this index, with the 10000 mg kg-1 concentration being the most efficient in the conservation of biodiesel. In the accelerated oxidation test in oven at 85 °C, pure BS presented higher susceptibility to degradation than the sample containing 10000 mg kg-1 of eugenol. In both storage studies, the eugenol natural antioxidant efficiency in the control of oxidative degradation of biodiesel becomes evident. 


2018 ◽  
Vol 35 (3) ◽  
pp. 189
Author(s):  
Eudécio Bonfim dos Santos Dias ◽  
Eliane Da Costa Vilela ◽  
Fernando Mauro Lanças

Vegetable oil were introduced in human diet in the last decade to change the use of animal fats. The chemical products althrought utilized in correct manner can cause residues in food bring to healt there be a necessity of a constant monitoring of the concentration level the several agricultural products. The answer to this necessity has motivated the development of several of a methodology for simultaneous analysis of aldrin, dieldrin, endrin and endosulfanin vegetable oils by HRGC, using solid phase extraction (SPE) using silica and XAD-2. The recovery was 70-110%.


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