scholarly journals THE INFLUENCE OF OXIDATION ON TRIBOLOGICAL PROPERTIES OF RAPESEED OIL / OKSIDACIJOS ĮTAKA RAPSŲ ALIEJAUS TRIBOLOGINĖMS SAVYBĖMS / ВЛИЯНИЕ ОКСИДАЦИИ РАПСОВОГО МАСЛА НА ЕГО ТРИБОЛОГИЧЕСКИЕ СВОЙСТВА

Transport ◽  
2011 ◽  
Vol 26 (2) ◽  
pp. 121-127 ◽  
Author(s):  
Raimondas Kreivaitis ◽  
Juozas Padgurskas ◽  
Milda Gumbytė ◽  
Violeta Makarevičienė ◽  
Bronislovas Spruogis
Keyword(s):  
Induction Period ◽  
Vegetable Oils ◽  
Tribological Properties ◽  
Rapeseed Oil ◽  
Structural Changes ◽  
Oxidation Stability ◽  
Environmentally Friendly ◽  
Negative Influence ◽  
Hydraulic Systems ◽  
Road Building

Approximately a half of all consumed lubricants, in one or another way, end up in the environment. Some countries put forward recommendations or even requirements for the use of environmentally friendly bio-lubricants the purpose of which is to reduce a negative influence of lubricants. The priority areas of using environmentally friendly lubricants cover water transport, hydraulic systems in forestry machinery, railway applications, road building machines etc. Particularly it is the case when an increased possibility of putting a lubricant in the environment occurs. Regarding good lubricity and excellent biodegradability, vegetable oils are widely used as environmentally friendly lubricants. The biggest disadvantage of vegetable oils as base stock for lubricants is pure oxidation stability. This article deals with the influence of thermal oxidation on tribological properties of rapeseed oil. The obtained results show that oxidation decreases lubrication ability due to structural changes in oil. The greatest negative influence of oxidation is obtained at the end of the induction period. Santrauka Gerai žinomas faktas, jog apie pusė visų šiuo metu naudojamų alyvų vienokiu ar kitokiu būdu patenka į aplinką. Siekiant sumažinti tepamųjų medžiagų neigiamą įtaką aplinkai, tam tikrose srityse rekomenduojama, o kai kuriose šalyse net reikalaujama naudoti aplinkai nekenkiančias biologines tepamąsias medžiagas. Susidaro didesnė galimybė šioms medžiagoms tiesiogiai patekti į aplinką ir prioritetinėmis šių medžiagų naudojimo sritimis yra laikomas vandens transportas, miškų ūkio mašinų hidraulinės sistemos, geležinkelio mechanizmai, kelių tiesimo mašinos ir kt. Dėl gerų tepamųjų savybių ir gero biologinio suirstamumo augaliniai aliejai yra gana plačiai naudojami gaminant aplinkai nekenkiančias alyvas. Didžiausias tokių bazinių tepamųjų medžiagų trūkumas yra palyginti mažas atsparumas oksidacijai. Šiame straipsnyje nagrinėjama rapsų aliejaus oksidacijos įtaka jo tribologinėms savybėms. Gauti rezultatai rodo, jog aliejaus oksidacija dėl jame vykstančių struktūrinių pokyčių padidina trinties nuostolius ir paviršių nusidėvėjimą, didžiausią įtaką šiems parametrams darydama pasibaigus alyvos oksidacijos indukciniam periodui. Резюме Хорошо известен факт, что около половины применяемого масла попадает в окружающую среду. С целью сократить вред, наносимый окружающей среде от этих выбросов, рекомендуется, а в некото рых странах и требуется применение в некоторых областях биологических смазочных материалов. Приоритетными областями для применения этих материалов являются водный транспорт, гидравлические системы машин лесного хозяйства, механизмы железной дороги, машины для строительства дорог и др., т. е. те, в которых имеется повышенная возможность попадания смазочных материалов в окружающую среду. Растительные масла из-за хороших смазочных свойств и быстрого биологического распада широко применяются при производстве биологических масел. Наибольшим недостатком таких базовых масел является их относительно небольшая стойкость к оксидации. В представляемой статье приведены результаты исследований влияния оксидации рапсового масла на его трибологические свойства. Полученные результаты показывают, что оксидация масла из-за происходящих в нем структурных изменений увеличивает потери на трение и изнашивание поверхности, наибольшее влияние проявляется при окончании индукционного периода оксидации масла.

scholarly journals Alternative rapeseed based oil fluid for hydraulic systems of tractors

2021 ◽  
Vol 37 ◽  
pp. 00030
Author(s):  
Alexander P. Bychenin ◽  
Oleg S. Volodko ◽  
Denis N. Bazhutov
Keyword(s):  
Vegetable Oils ◽  
Tribological Properties ◽  
Rapeseed Oil ◽  
Alternative Fuels ◽  
Working Fluid ◽  
Hydraulic Systems ◽  
Agricultural Machinery ◽  
Laboratory Findings ◽  
Hydraulic Oil ◽  
Mineral Oils

The paper analyzes the main applications of alternative fuels and lubricants in automotive vehicles, considers the possibility of using vegetable oils as a working fluid for hydraulic systems of agricultural machinery. Based on the laboratory findings, it states the ways to improve a lubrication formula based on rapeseed oil. The formula is proven to be optimal if it includes 88.9% rapeseed oil + 3.7% D-11 + 3.2% EFO + 4.197% graphite + 0.003% MS-200A, which is superior in tribological properties to MGE-46V hydraulic oil, and can be recommended for use in hydraulic systems of agricultural machinery as an alternative to mineral oils.

THE TRIBOLOGICAL PROPERTIES OF LUBRICATING GREASES BASED ON RENEWABLE OILS

Tribologia ◽  
2016 ◽  
Vol 266 (2) ◽  
pp. 61-72
Author(s):  
Rafał KOZDRACH
Keyword(s):  
Disperse Phase ◽  
Vegetable Oils ◽  
Tribological Properties ◽  
Castor Oil ◽  
Rapeseed Oil ◽  
Modified Silica ◽  
Limiting Load ◽  
Antiwear Properties ◽  
Lubricating Properties ◽  
Limiting Pressure

The paper discusses the influence of vegetable oil basis on lubricating properties of their selected compositions. Four vegetable oils were used for production of lubricating greases: rapeseed, sunflower, soybean, and castor, all thickened with modified silica of Aerosil® type. The tribological properties of lubricating greases based on vegetable oils were investigated. On their basis, the most beneficial compositions were selected. The tribological properties of greases were estimated via measurements of limiting load of wear (Goz/40), welding load (Pz), scuffing load (Pt), limiting load of scuffing (Poz), and the limiting pressure of seizure (Poz). Based on the obtained results, it may be concluded that the best antiwear properties were shown by the lubricating compositions based on rapeseed oil, whereas the best antiscuffing properties have compositions using castor oil as a disperse phase.

Study on Biodegradable Lubricants: Improvement in Oxidation Stability of Vegetable Oils

2005 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jiusheng Li
Keyword(s):  
Chemical Reactions ◽  
Vegetable Oil ◽  
Vegetable Oils ◽  
Rapeseed Oil ◽  
Arrhenius Equation ◽  
Oxidation Stability ◽  
Oxidation Test

To improve the oxidation stability of vegetable oil, several chemical reactions such as transesterification, polymerization and epoxidation were used to reduce the content of unsaturated bonds in their molecules. The results of oxidation test indicate that epoxidation is an available method to improve the oxidation stabilities of vegetable oils. The efficiencies of antioxidants used for protection of rapeseed oil from oxidation were studied using PDSC, and the active energies of oil samples were calculated by using Arrhenius equation.

Influence of the particle size on the physical, mechanical and tribological properties of composites for brake pads

2021 ◽  
pp. 36-40
Author(s):  
F.F. Yusubov
Keyword(s):  
Particle Size ◽  
Composite Materials ◽  
Tribological Properties ◽  
Friction And Wear ◽  
Phenol Formaldehyde ◽  
Environmentally Friendly ◽  
Brake Pads ◽  
Mechanical And Tribological Properties ◽  
Pin On Disk ◽  
Properties Of Composites

Tribotechnical indicators of environmentally friendly frictional composite materials with phenol-formaldehyde matrix are studied. Friction tests were carried out on a MMW-1 vertical tribometer according to the pin-on-disk scheme. Keywords: brake pads, composites, friction and wear, plasticizers, degradation, porosity. [email protected]

MECHANOCHEMICAL ACTIVATION METHOD TECHNOLOGICAL PROCESS REFINING OF VEGETABLE OILS

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
В.И. МАРТОВЩУК ◽  
С.А. КАЛМАНОВИЧ ◽  
А.А. ЛОБАНОВ ◽  
Е.В. МАРТОВЩУК
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acid Composition ◽  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Acid Composition ◽  
Vegetable Oils ◽  
Structural Changes ◽  
Mechanochemical Activation ◽  
Cavitation Effect ◽  
Temperature Mode ◽  
The Stability ◽  
Local Pressures

Исследовано влияние механохимической активации на гидратируемость фосфолипидов растительных масел. Для эксперимента использовали механохимический активатор, обеспечивающий высокие локальные давления, сдвиговые деформации и кавитационный эффект, при следующих параметрах работы: давление на контактирующих поверхностях 70 МПа, частота 180 Гц, скорость сдвига 10200 с–1, размер капли эмульсии 1–2 мкм. Обработку образцов подсолнечного масла осуществляли в течение от 0 до 80 с при температурах 50, 60 и 70°С. Активность фосфолипидов оценивали по величине их адсорбции на границе с полярной поверхностью (водой) в оптимальном температурном режиме при обработке в механохимическом активаторе и без нее. Установлено, что механохимическая активация способствует снижению энергии активации с 6,4 до 4,7 кДж/моль за счет химических и структурных изменений фосфолипидов. В жирнокислотном составе фосфолипидов на 10–12% увеличилось содержание олеиновой кислоты при соответствующем уменьшении линолевой; в фосфатидилэтаноламинах и фосфатидилсеринах отмечено увеличение до 3% содержания пальмитиновой кислоты и незначительно – стеариновой кислоты. Эти изменения жирнокислотного состава и физических свойств фосфолипидов способствуют повышению их гидратируемости и уменьшению доли полиненасыщенных жирных кислот, что должно обеспечить стабильность обработанных в механохимическом активаторе масел к окислению при хранении. The effect of mechanochemical activation on the hydration of phospholipids of vegetable oils has been studied. A mechanochemical activator providing high local pressures, shear deformations and cavitation effect was used for the experiment with the following operating parameters: pressure on the contact surfaces of 70 MPa, frequency of 180 Hz, shear rate of 10200 s–1, the size of the emulsion drop of 1–2 microns. Processing of sunflower oil samples was carried out during 0 to 80 s at temperatures of 50, 60 and 70°C. The activity of phospholipids was estimated by the amount of their adsorption at the border with the polar surface (water) in the optimal temperature mode when processed in a mechanochemical activator and without it. It was found that mechanochemical activation contributes to a decrease in the activation energy from 6,4 to 4,7 kJ/mol due to chemical and structural changes in phospholipids. In the fatty acid composition of phospholipids, the content of oleic acid increased by 10–12% with a corresponding decrease in linoleic acid; in phosphatidylethanolamines and phosphatidylserines, the increase in the content of palmitic acid was noted to 3%, and stearic acid – slightly. These changes in the fatty acid composition and physical properties of phospholipids contribute to increasing their hydration and reducing the proportion of polyunsaturated fatty acids, which should ensure the stability of the oils processed in the mechanochemical activator to oxidation during storage.

Enhancement of Thermo-Oxidative Stability of Vegetable Oil Based Lubricant via Chemical Modification Techniques

2015 ◽  
Vol 813-814 ◽  
pp. 695-699
Author(s):  
S. Arumugam ◽  
G. Sriram ◽  
A. Hemanth Sai Kumar Chowdary ◽  
Janga Subramanya Sai
Keyword(s):  
Chemical Modification ◽  
Oxidative Stability ◽  
Vegetable Oils ◽  
Rapeseed Oil ◽  
Chemical Structure ◽  
Thermo Gravimetric Analysis ◽  
Gravimetric Analysis ◽  
Thermo Gravimetric ◽  
Transesterification Method ◽  
Unique Chemical

The rising demand for environmentally acceptable lubricant has led researchers to look to vegetable oils as an alternative to petroleum based lubricants. Vegetable oils have radically distinctive properties owing to their unique chemical structure which have greater ability to lubricate and have higher biodegradability. In spite of advantages, they are limited to inadequate thermo-oxidative stability and poor low-temperature properties which hinder their utilization. In the present study in order to produce a bio lubricant with good thermo-oxidative stability, rapeseed oil was subjected to two different chemical modification techniques viz., epoxidation method and successive transesterification method. The thermo-oxidative stability of formulated oil was analysed using Thermo Gravimetric Analysis (TGA). TGA analysis divulges that the thermo-oxidative stability of rapeseed oil was greatly improved with the epoxidation method in comparison with the successive transesterification method.

Natural Adhesives, Binders, and Matrices for Wood and Fiber Composites

2014 ◽  
pp. 131-181
Author(s):  
Antonio Pizzi
Keyword(s):  
Vegetable Oils ◽  
Environmentally Friendly ◽  
Solid Wood ◽  
Fiber Mats ◽  
Cashew Nut ◽  
New Process ◽  
Recent Developments ◽  
Protein Adhesives ◽  
Cashew Nut Shell ◽  
Unsaturated Oil

Recent developments and trends in the field of bio-based adhesives are reviewed. The more recent developments in tannin adhesives without the use of aldehyde-yielding compounds under the conditions of processing, or even without the use of hardeners, are described. Lignin adhesives are discussed next. The combination of these two types to yield natural environmentally friendly matrices for non-woven fiber mats is also reviewed. Several new trends in the developments of protein adhesives and in carbohydrate adhesives are then addressed. Unsaturated oil adhesives based on epoxidized unsaturated vegetable oils are also described as well as an example of cashew nut shell oil modified by a new and inexpensive method to yield an adhesive by self-condensation of the material. The chapter addresses last the new process of solid wood friction welding without the use of adhesive, in which the wood interface itself is used as the binder.

scholarly journals Heating of Plant Oils-Fatty Acid Reactions versus Tocopherols Degradation

2009 ◽  
Vol 27 (Special Issue 1) ◽  
pp. S185-S187 ◽  
Author(s):  
Z. Réblová ◽  
D. Tichovská ◽  
M. Doležal
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Soybean Oil ◽  
Olive Oil ◽  
Vegetable Oils ◽  
Sunflower Oil ◽  
Rapeseed Oil ◽  
Degradation Rate ◽  
Plant Oils ◽  
Oil Sunflower ◽  
High Degradation Rate

Relationship between polymerised triacylglycerols formation and tocopherols degradation was studied during heating of four commercially accessible vegetable oils (rapeseed oil, classical sunflower oil, soybean oil and olive oil) on the heating plate with temperature 180°C. The content of polymerised triacylglycerols 6% (i.e. half of maximum acceptable content) was achieved after 5.3, 4.2, 4.1, and 2.6 hours of heating for olive oil, soybean oil, rapeseed oil and sunflower oil, respectively, while decrease in content of total tocopherols to 50% of the original content was achieved after 3.4, 1.6, 1.3, and 0.5 hours of heating for soybean oil, rapeseed oil, sunflower oil and olive oil, respectively. Because of the high degradation rate of tocopherols, decrease in content of total tocopherols to 50% of the original content was achieved at content of polymerised triacylglycerols 0.6%, 1.9%, 2.8% and 4.9% for olive oil, rapeseed oil, sunflower oil and soybean oil, respectively, i.e. markedly previous to the frying oil should be replaced.

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