The Role of Particle Motion in Abrasive and Erosive Wear

2005 ◽  
Author(s):  
I. M. Hutchings
Keyword(s):  
Abrasive Wear ◽  
Particle Motion ◽  
Erosive Wear ◽  
Wear Test ◽  
Wear Particle ◽  
Analytical Models ◽  
Particle Rotation ◽  
Wear Rates ◽  
Hard Particles ◽  
Three Body

The traditional classification of abrasive wear into two-and three-body, high and low stress, open and closed etc. does not recognise the essential importance of particle motion, which is better described as either sliding or rolling. Abrasive wear tests with free abrasives can produce either type of motion, depending on the test conditions. The widely-used dry sand rubber wheel test often produces both motions over different areas of the sample. The more recent micro-scale abrasion test tends to favour one or the other over most of the wear scar area. Analytical models can be developed which allow the dominant particle motion to be predicted, and mapped using readily accessible parameters. In erosive wear, particle motion can also be important; recent work suggests that particle rotation is imparted in some types of erosive wear test, and that it may be responsible for the differences in wear rate found in tests under nominally identical conditions with different designs of apparatus. It is suggested that in the use of laboratory abrasion and erosion tests, and in the analysis of practical instances of wear by hard particles, close attention should be paid to the nature of particle motion, since this will influence both the dominant wear mechanisms and also the wear rates.

Tribological Properties of Calotropis Procera Natural Fiber Reinforced Hybrid Epoxy Composites

2019 ◽  
Vol 895 ◽  
pp. 45-51
Author(s):  
M.J. Raghu ◽  
Govardhan Goud
Keyword(s):  
Abrasive Wear ◽  
Glass Fibre ◽  
Sliding Wear ◽  
Natural Fiber ◽  
Wear Test ◽  
Calotropis Procera ◽  
Dry Sliding Wear ◽  
Wear Loss ◽  
Fiber Reinforced ◽  
Three Body

Natural fibers are widely used for reinforcement in polymer composite materials and proved to be effectively replacing synthetic fiber reinforced polymer composites to some extent in applications like domestic, automotive and lower end aerospace parts. The natural fiber reinforced composites are environment friendly, have high strength to weight ratio as well as specific strengths comparable with synthetic glass fiber reinforced composites. In the present work, hybrid epoxy composites were fabricated using calotropis procera and glass fibers as reinforcement by hand lay-up method. The fibre reinforcement in epoxy matrix was maintained at 20 wt%. In 20 wt% reinforcement of fibre, the content of calotropis procera and glass fibre were varied from 5, 10, 15 and 20 wt%. The dry sliding wear test as per ASTM G99 and three body abrasive wear test as per ASTM G65 were conducted to find the tribological properties by varying speed, load, distance and abrasive size. The hybrid composite having 5 wt% calotropis procera and 15 wt% glass fibre showed less wear loss in hybrid composites both in sliding wear test as well as in abrasive wear test which is comparable with 20 wt% glass fibre reinforced epoxy composite which marked very low wear loss. The SEM analysis was carried out to study the worn out surfaces of dry sliding wear test and three body abrasive wear test specimens.

An investigation on three-body abrasive wear test at elevated temperature

Wear ◽  
1997 ◽  
Vol 210 (1-2) ◽  
pp. 299-303 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wen-Zhong Wu ◽  
Jian-Dong Xing ◽  
Jun-Yi Su
Keyword(s):  
Elevated Temperature ◽  
Abrasive Wear ◽  
Wear Test ◽  
Three Body

Erosive-abrasive wear behavior of carbide-free bainitic and boron steels compared in simulated field conditions

2017 ◽  
Vol 232 (1) ◽  
pp. 3-13 ◽  
Author(s):  
E Vuorinen ◽  
V Heino ◽  
N Ojala ◽  
O Haiko ◽  
A Hedayati
Keyword(s):  
Abrasive Wear ◽  
Wear Behavior ◽  
Wear Test ◽  
Test Method ◽  
Affecting Factors ◽  
Related Condition ◽  
Wear Performance ◽  
Wear Rates ◽  
Bainitic Steels ◽  
Boron Steels

The wear resistance of carbide-free bainitic microstructures have recently shown to be excellent in sliding, sliding-rolling, and erosive-abrasive wear. Boron steels are often an economically favorable alternative for similar applications. In this study, the erosive-abrasive wear performance of the carbide-free bainitic and boron steels with different heat treatments was studied in mining-related conditions. The aim was to compare these steels and to study the microstructural features affecting wear rates. The mining-related condition was simulated with an application oriented wear test method utilizing dry abrasive bed of 8–10 mm granite particles. Different wear mechanisms were found; in boron steels, micro-cutting and micro-ploughing were dominating mechanisms, while in the carbide-free bainitic steels, also impact craters with thin platelets were observed. Moreover, the carbide-free bainitic steels had better wear performance, which can be explained by the different microstructure. The carbide-free bainitic steels had fine ferritic-austenitic microstructure, whereas in boron steels microstructure was martensitic. The level of retained austenite was quite high in the carbide-free bainitic steels and that was one of the factors improving the wear performance of these steels. The hardness gradients with orientation of the deformation zone on the wear surfaces were one of the main affecting factors as well. Smoother work hardened hardness profiles were considered beneficial in these erosive-abrasive wear conditions.

scholarly journals Effect of WC Grain Size and Abrasive Type on the Wear Performance of HVOF-Sprayed WC-20Cr3C2-7Ni Coatings

Coatings ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (7) ◽  
pp. 660
Author(s):  
Qun Wang ◽  
Yingpeng Zhang ◽  
Xiang Ding ◽  
Shaoyi Wang ◽  
Chidambaram Seshadri Ramachandran
Keyword(s):  
Grain Size ◽  
Wear Resistance ◽  
Wear Rate ◽  
Abrasive Wear ◽  
Wear Test ◽  
Binder Phase ◽  
Repeated Impact ◽  
Wear Performance ◽  
The Matrix ◽  
Three Body

In order to investigate the effect of WC grain size on coatings’ properties and abrasive wear performance, a few WC-20Cr3C2-7Ni coatings with three different WC grain sizes were deposited by the high-velocity oxy-fuel (HVOF) thermal spray process. The phase compositions, microstructures, and mechanical properties of the coatings were investigated. Furthermore, the two- and three-body abrasive wear performances of the three coatings were tested by using SiC and SiO2 abrasives, respectively. The results show that all the three coatings were composed of WC, Cr3C2, and the Ni binder as well as the (W,Cr)2C phase. The abrasive wear resistance of the WC-20Cr3C2-7Ni coating monotonously increased with increasing WC grain size when the SiC abrasive was used in the two- and three-body abrasive wear tests. However, the wear resistance trend was reversed when the SiO2 abrasive was used in the three-body abrasive wear test. The specific wear rate of the WC-20Cr3C2-7Ni coating exposed to the SiC abrasive under the two-body abrasive wear test was the largest. The wear resistance of the coatings was more significantly affected by the hardness of the abrasive particles than the size of carbides present within the coating. The high hardness of SiC can cut both the carbide and the binder phase of the WC-based cermet coatings, resulting in a high wear rate, whereas the low hardness of SiO2 cuts and/or scratches the binder initially, and then it dislodges the carbides from the matrix. The dislodged carbides which were subsequently pulled out from the matrix by the repeated impact of the SiO2 abrasives result in a milder wear rate.

The response of two-wheeler tires to three-body wear phenomena by experimental simulation of off-road terrains

2019 ◽  
Vol 233 (13) ◽  
pp. 3504-3514
Author(s):  
Dayananda Pai ◽  
Anand Pai ◽  
Saahil Kumar ◽  
Anubhav Deb
Keyword(s):  
Numerical Model ◽  
Abrasive Wear ◽  
Wear Behavior ◽  
Wear Test ◽  
Experimental Simulation ◽  
Test Apparatus ◽  
Road Roughness ◽  
Abrasive Wear Behavior ◽  
Three Body ◽  
Two Wheeler

The operation of two wheelers frequently encounters off-road terrain comprising loose particles of sand and soil, which setup three-body abrasive wear phenomena affecting the tire life. To evaluate the response of two-wheeler tires on such terrains, the dry abrasive wear behavior of two-wheeler tires was experimentally determined using a three-body wear test apparatus. Three different mixtures of sand and granite dust of varying grit size, 100, 200, and 300 µm, were employed to represent the abrasive cluster, typical of the varying roughness on off-road terrains. Taguchi’s L27 (33) orthogonal array was applied to analyze the specific wear rate as a response to three parameters—load, speed, and road roughness—separately for front and rear two-wheeler tires. Variation of hardness and wear pattern observation for the front and rear tires were carried out to oversee the surface deterioration. A numerical model based on abrasive grit-tire surface interaction was developed for comparison with the experimental results.

scholarly journals Effect of microstructure factors on abrasion resistance of high-strength steels

2014 ◽  
Vol 60 (No. 3) ◽  
pp. 115-120 ◽  
Author(s):  
E. ZDRAVECKÁ ◽  
J. TKÁČOVÁ ◽  
M. ONDÁČ
Keyword(s):  
Wear Resistance ◽  
Abrasive Wear ◽  
Abrasion Resistance ◽  
High Strength Steels ◽  
Wear Test ◽  
High Hardness ◽  
High Strength ◽  
Abrasive Wear Resistance ◽  
And Performance ◽  
Three Body

Current development of high strength abrasion resistant steels is mostly oriented on high hardness, martensitic concept following the hypothesis that the abrasion resistance holds a proportional tendency with hardness. The various experimental observations have suggested that the high hardness of martenzite does not guarantee a high abrasion resistance because the brittle nature of martensite can lead to decrease their abrasive wear. The aim of this work was to analyse the influence of microstructure on abrasion resistance of selected high-strength low-alloyed steels used in the industry. The abrasive wear resistance of selected steels was obtained using an ASTM-G65 three-body abrasive wear test, microstructure and wear resistance determination. It was observed that grain refinement is an effective way of enhancing the abrasion resistance. In this context, micro alloyed steels offer an attractive combination of price and performance.

scholarly journals Investigation on influence of SiCp on three-body abrasive wear behaviour of glass/epoxy composites

2021 ◽  
Vol 15 (56) ◽  
pp. 65-73
Author(s):  
Ajith Joshi ◽  
S. Basavarajappa ◽  
S. Ellangovan ◽  
B.M Jayakumar
Keyword(s):  
Abrasive Wear ◽  
Wear Behavior ◽  
Wear Test ◽  
Epoxy Composites ◽  
Wear Behaviour ◽  
Wear Volume ◽  
Volume Loss ◽  
Sem Image ◽  
Enhance Wear Resistance ◽  
Three Body

The present study present the influence of SiCp incorporation on three-body abrasive wear behavior of glass/epoxy composites. The investigations was carried out using dry sand rubber wheel abrasive wear test apparatus. 2k factorial design of experiment was used to capture the experimental data. The parameters considered are abrading distance, load and speed. The wear volume loss  found to increase with the increasing values of wear parameters. The applied load has exhibited significant effect on volume loss. Incorporation of SiCp contributed to enhance wear resistance of glass/epoxy composites. The linear regression was also presented in the study to correlate abrasion parameters with wear volume loss. SEM image analysis of abraded surface revealed the occurrence of ploughing, micro-cutting, matrix removal and fiber breakage.

scholarly journals The corrosion-resistant Ni-based coatings and their tribological properties

2020 ◽  
Vol 64 (2) ◽  
pp. 38-44
Author(s):  
E. Zdravecká ◽  
J. Tkáčová
Keyword(s):  
Chemical Composition ◽  
Abrasive Wear ◽  
Sliding Wear ◽  
Wear Test ◽  
Dry Sliding Wear ◽  
Metal Powders ◽  
Adhesive Bonds ◽  
Structure Of Coatings ◽  
Three Body ◽  
Coating Hardness

AbstractNi-based coatings can be successfully applied under abrasive and adhesive conditions as a substitute for environmentally harmful chrome coatings. The research has been carried out for thermally flame sprayed Ni-based coatings with remelting (so-called the two-step process) with the different chemical composition of starting powders. The structure of coatings was evaluated by optical and scanning electron microscopy. Both the three-body abrasive wear test, according to ASTM G65-4 (Dry-Sand Rubber Wheel Test) and dry sliding wear test by the Falex tester, were performed. The results show the influence of the effective chemical composition of the metal powders on improving the properties of the coating. The higher hardness of the coatings leads to a lower tendency for the creation of adhesive bonds, and as a result, leads to a lower tendency to scuffing. A similar trend shows the influence of higher coating hardness on the increasing of abrasive wear resistance.

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