scholarly journals Evaluation of the optic nerve and scleral-choroidal-retinal layer with ultrasound elastography in glaucoma and physiological optic nerve head cupping

2018 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 76 ◽  
Author(s):  
Özkan Özen ◽  
Murat Atabey Özer ◽  
Alptekin Tosun ◽  
Serkan Özen
Keyword(s):  
Optic Nerve ◽  
Strain Ratio ◽  
Ultrasound Elastography ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Retinal Layer ◽  
Orbital Fat ◽  
Physiological Optic ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Optic Disc Cupping ◽  
Glaucoma Group

Aim: To evaluate the strain ratio of the optic nerve and retina-choroid-sclera (RCS) layers in individuals with physiological optic disc cupping (PC) and glaucoma patients using strain elastography.Material and methods: We evaluated 56 eyes of 56 subjects (20 eyes with glaucoma, 19 eyes with PC, and 17 normal eyes). The strain ratio of orbital fat to optic nerve (SROFON) was calculated as the ratio of the optic nerve to intraconal fat tissue and the strain ratio of orbital fat to retina-choroid-sclera (SROFRCS) was calculated as the ratio of RCS layers to intraconal fat tissue.Results: SROFON was 0.92 in the control group, 1.07 in the PC group and 1.6 in the glaucoma group and a statistically significant difference was present between the three groups (p<0.05). SROFRCS had no statistically significant difference between the three groups.Conclusions: SROFON values could contribute to the differentiation of the patients with glaucoma and PC.

scholarly journals In vivo stiffness assessment of patellar and quadriceps tendons by strain ultrasound elastography

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-10
Author(s):  
Surangika Wadugodapitiya ◽  
Makoto Sakamoto ◽  
Sayaka Suzuki ◽  
Yusuke Morise ◽  
Koichi Kobayashi
Keyword(s):  
Knee Flexion ◽  
Quadriceps Tendon ◽  
Strain Ratio ◽  
Ultrasound Elastography ◽  
Return To Sports ◽  
Target Tissue ◽  
Relative Stiffness ◽  
Extension Mechanism ◽  
Significant Difference

BACKGROUND: The patellar and quadriceps tendons are responsible for the extension mechanism of the knee joint and frequently become inflamed during sports. Diagnosis and determination of when an athlete can return to sports following these injuries are usually performed by assessing morphological features and functional outcomes. Nevertheless, mechanical properties are not being assessed. OBJECTIVE: To describe the stiffness characteristics of these two tendons over the range of knee flexion and to test the feasibility of using strain ultrasound elastography (SE). METHODS: SE with an acoustic coupler as the reference was performed for nine healthy males. Relative stiffness measurements were obtained using the strain ratio (SR = target tissue strain/reference strain) by placing the knee in five different flexion angles. Lower SR indicates higher relative stiffness. RESULTS: This study showed reliable measurement with good intra- and inter-rater agreement for SR at 30°. SR of the quadriceps tendon decreases as knee flexion increases, indicating increased relative stiffness. In the patellar tendon, no significant difference was observed between 30° and 60°. Beyond 60°, relative stiffness increased constantly. CONCLUSIONS: SE is a reproducible and feasible tool to monitor relative stiffness of the patellar and quadriceps tendons in routine clinical settings.

scholarly journals The Evaluation of Benign Acute Childhood Myositis by Ultrasound Elastography

2019 ◽  
Vol 6 (9) ◽  
pp. 205-209
Author(s):  
Gülay Güngör ◽  
Olcay Güngör
Keyword(s):  
Muscle Thickness ◽  
Strain Ratio ◽  
Muscle Stiffness ◽  
Ultrasound Elastography ◽  
Radiology Department ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Healthy Children ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Group 2 ◽  
Group 1

Objective:   Herein, we aimed to determine the diagnostic contribution of ultrasound elastography (UE) technique to the assessment of muscle stiffness in pediatric patients with myositis. Material and Methods: This study enrolled 16 patients who presented to our hospital’s Pediatric Neurology Outpatient Clinic with the complaint of inability to walk and who had a clinical presentation of benign acute childhood myositis (BACM). The patients were referred to the Radiology Department to undergo muscle ultrasonography (USG), where they underwent UE of the gastrocnemius muscle (GCM). Results: Children with myositis and healthy children are similar age (7.06 ± 1.52 year (5–11) vs. 7.00 ± 1.59 year (5–11) year) (P: 0.908) and body mass index (BMI) (20.04 ± 1.58 (18.6–24.2) vs. 22.08 ± 1.43 (19.9–24.4) (P: 0.946). The mean serum creatine kinase (CK) was measured as 1520.3 ± 1163.6 U/L (min: 456,  max:4100) in children with myositis. In the children with myositis, the thickness of the medial and lateral GCM increased compared with that in control group (medial; 18.15 ± 3.02 mm vs 13.10 ± 2.26 mm, p<0.001, lateral; 13.51 ± 3.07 mm vs 9.34 ± 1.86 mm, p<0.001). The medial and lateral GCM ratio in group 1 was slight bigger than that in group 2 (medial; 1.10 ± 0.37 vs 1.00 ± 0.34, p: 0.274, lateral; 1.22 ± 0.44 vs 1.10 ± 0.29, p: 0.243). GCM strain values were mildly elevated in patients with myositis compared to controls. Conclusion: In the children with myositis, the thickness of the medial and lateral GCM increased compared with that in control group. GCM strain ratio values were slightly higher in myositis patients compared to the control group. We think that the increase in muscle thickness values is mainly secondary to the edema seen in myositis. In addition, UE is a clinically applicable quantitative analysis for changes in myositis.

scholarly journals Strain and shear wave ultrasound elastography in evaluation of chronic inflammatory disorders of major salivary glands

2020 ◽  
Vol 49 (3) ◽  
pp. 20190225
Author(s):  
Yasmein Maher Elbeblawy ◽  
Maha Eshaq Amer Mohamed
Keyword(s):  
Diagnostic Accuracy ◽  
Salivary Glands ◽  
Shear Wave ◽  
Shear Wave Velocity ◽  
Strain Ratio ◽  
Ultrasound Elastography ◽  
Control Group ◽  
P Value ◽  
Inflammatory Conditions ◽  
Major Salivary Glands

Objective: The aim of this study was to assess chronic inflammatory conditions of major salivary glands by ultrasound elastography. Methods: 21 patients with chronic inflammatory conditions of major salivary glands and 21 healthy adult volunteers were included in this study. All participants underwent B-mode sonography and ultrasound elastography. The diagnostic performance of strain ratio and shear wave velocity was evaluated by sensitivity and specificity at the optimum cutoff point and the area under the receiver operating characteristic curve. Results: Cases showed statistically significant higher median strain ratio of parotid and submandibular gland than control group (p-value = 0.001). Total cases showed statistically significant higher median scores than control group (p-value < 0.001). At cut-off value of (1.13); diagnostic accuracy, sensitivity and specificity were 97.6, 95.2 and 100% respectively with AUROC 0.954 and confidence interval: 0.840–0.995. Cases showed statistically significant higher median shear wave velocity of parotid gland than control group (p-value = 0.022), with no statistically significant difference in submandibular gland in the two groups (p-value = 0.216). Total cases showed statistically significant higher median scores than control group (p-value < 0.001). At cut-off value of (23.5), diagnostic accuracy was 78.6% with a sensitivity of 81% and specificity of 76.2% with 0.819 AUROC and onfidence interval :0.669–0.920. Conclusion: Our initial experience suggests that elastography may be potentially useful for diagnosis of chronic inflammatory conditions of the major salivary glands. This conclusion needs to be further validated large sample studies.

scholarly journals Role of oligodendrocytes in reversing ethambutol induced optic neuropathy

2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 1681-1685
Author(s):  
Elna Owembabazi ◽  
Ronald Ahumuza ◽  
Ochieng John Juma ◽  
Isaac Buzinde ◽  
Ibrahim Ssengendo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Optic Nerve ◽  
Optic Neuropathy ◽  
Vision Loss ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Average Weight ◽  
First Line ◽  
Male Adult ◽  
Myelin Sheaths ◽  
Significant Difference

Ethambutol is one of the first line drugs for treating tuberculosis. Its toxic effects on the optic nerve are majorly classified as reversible. However, worsening of vision and permanent vision loss after ethambutol discontinuation is also documented. To determine the effect of ethambutol toxicity on oligodendrocytes at different periods of treatment. Twenty-five male adult wistar rats of 110-130g average weight were housed in cages, exposed to 12-hour of dark and light cycles. After one week of acclimatization, five animals were randomly selected and sacrificed prior to ethambutol treatment for the control group (week 0). The remaining 20 animals were each orally administered 100mg/kg/day ethambutol. Five animals were randomly picked and sacrificed at the end of first, second, third, and fourth week of ethambutol treatment. There was no statistically significant difference in the number of oligodendrocyte cells obtained at the different stages of ethambutol treatment. Oligodendrocytes are not vulnerable to ethambutol toxicity for at least one month and they play a key role in reversing ethambutol induced neuropathy through myelin sheaths reconstruction. Key Words: Ethambutol, Oligodendrocytes, Optic Nerve, Optic Neuropathy.

scholarly journals Assessment of the optic nerve, optic disc, and perineural area using shear-wave elastography in patients with multiple sclerosis

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Suna Sahin Ediz ◽  
Basak Atalay ◽  
Ilknur Aydın Canturk ◽  
Adnan Kabaalioglu
Keyword(s):  
Multiple Sclerosis ◽  
Optic Nerve ◽  
Optic Neuritis ◽  
Optic Disc ◽  
Shear Wave ◽  
Shear Wave Elastography ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Optic Nerves ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
The Mean

Purpose: To observe and describe the stiffness changes of the optic nerve in the patients with multiple sclerosis (MS) with or without optic neuritis and healthy adults via shear wave elastography (SWE). Methods: Seventy optic nerves from thirty-five patients with MS and sixty optic nerves from thirty healthy subjects were included prospectively in the study. The optic nerve (ON), optic disc (OD), and perineural area were evaluated with SWE and optic nerve sheat diameter (ONSD) was measured by ultrasound. Results The mean age of patients was 39.68 ± 9.99 years. There was no statistically significant difference between the groups in terms of ONSD, SWE ON, SWE OD, and SWE perineural area levels (p> 0.05). In the MS group; No statistically significant difference was found between patients with and without optic neuritis for the mean age, gender distribution, duration of MS, types of MS, ONSD, SWE ON, SWE OD, SWE perineural area, and Expanded Disability Status Scale (EDSS) scores (p> 0.05). No statistically significant difference in terms of ONSD, SWE ON, SWE OD, and SWE perineural area between the MS patients with or without optic neuritis and the control group (p> 0.05). Conclusion: Shear wave elastography measurements of the optic nerve, optic disc, and perineural area do not contribute to the evaluation of optic neuritis in a patient with MS.

scholarly journals Comparison between the Correlations of Retinal Nerve Fiber Layer Thickness Measured by Spectral Domain Optical Coherence Tomography and Visual Field Defects in Standard Automated White-on-White Perimetry versus Pulsar Perimetry

2017 ◽  
Vol 2017 ◽  
pp. 1-6
Author(s):  
Maged Alnawaiseh ◽  
Lisann Hömberg ◽  
Nicole Eter ◽  
Verena Prokosch
Keyword(s):  
Visual Field ◽  
Structure Function ◽  
Nerve Fiber ◽  
Visual Field Defects ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Fiber Layer ◽  
Nerve Fiber Layer Thickness ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Field Defects ◽  
Glaucoma Group

Purpose.To compare the structure-function relationships between retinal nerve fiber layer thickness (RNFLT) and visual field defects measured either by standard automated perimetry (SAP) or by Pulsar perimetry (PP).Materials and Methods.263 eyes of 143 patients were prospectively included. Depending on the RNFLT, patients were assigned to the glaucoma group (group A: RNFL score 3–6) or the control group (group B: RNFL score 0–2). Structure-function relationships between RNFLT and mean sensitivity (MS) measured by SAP and PP were analyzed.Results.Throughout the entire group, the MS assessed by PP and SAP correlated significantly with RNFLT in all sectors. In the glaucoma group, there was no significant difference between the correlations RNFL-SAP and RNFL-PP, whereas a significant difference was found in the control group.Conclusions.In the control group, the correlation between structure and function based on the PP data was significantly stronger than that based on SAP.

Ultrasound elastography in characterization of prostatic lesions: correlation with histopathological findings

2020 ◽  
Vol 93 (1110) ◽  
pp. 20200035
Author(s):  
Doaa M Emara ◽  
Nagy N. Naguib ◽  
Mohamed Yehia ◽  
Mohamed M. El Shafei
Keyword(s):  
Prospective Study ◽  
Negative Predictive Value ◽  
Prostate Specific Antigen ◽  
Predictive Value ◽  
Core Biopsy ◽  
Specific Antigen ◽  
Strain Ratio ◽  
Ultrasound Elastography ◽  
Ratio Measurement ◽  
Significant Difference

Objective: Ultrasound elastography is increasingly used in the diagnosis of prostate cancer, however results are heterogeneous. We correlate in a large sample-size prospective study the accuracy of elastography, aiming to settle an accurate cut-off point for diagnosis and possibility of use as a screening tool. Methods: Prospective study that included 120 patients with mean age 59.5 ± 9.8 years, showing enlarged prostate by clinical examination with prostate-specific antigen >4 ng ml−1. The study was done using high frequency high resolution endorectal probe with real time tissue elastography. Grayscale ultrasound examination was done first with Doppler followed by elastography color-coded map and strain ratio measurement. Then, transrectal ultrasound-guided core biopsy was done from suspicious areas detected by elastography (totally or partly stiff by color-coded map or with relative increased strain ratio), besides standard six-quadrant core biopsy samples. Results: There was statistically significant difference (p < 0.001) regarding strain ratio in benign and malignant lesions. Strain ratio showed significant proportionate correlation with prostate-specific antigen level and Gleason pathological score, while no significant correlation noted with the age or the prostatic volume. A strain ratio with a cut-off value of 1.9 showed a sensitivity of 100%, specificity 93.8%, positive predictive value of 79.3%, negative predictive value 100 and 95% accuracy in differentiating between malignant and benign lesions. Conclusion: Strain ratio improves the detection of prostatic cancer with high sensitivity (100%) and high negative predictive value (100%). Advances in knowledge: Different prostatic lesions are mostly similar in grayscale ultrasound. Imaging plays an important role in differentiation of prostatic nodules. Ultrasound elastography may play an important role in distinguishing benign from malignant nodules.

scholarly journals Ultrasonic Elastography in the Differential Diagnosis of Thyroid Nodular Patholog

2019 ◽  
Vol 26 (4) ◽  
pp. 45-55
Author(s):  
L. A. Timofeeva ◽  
M. G. Tukhbatullin ◽  
A. N. Sencha
Keyword(s):  
Differential Diagnosis ◽  
Thyroid Cancer ◽  
Shear Wave ◽  
Density Ratio ◽  
Shear Wave Elastography ◽  
Strain Ratio ◽  
Ultrasound Elastography ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Tissue Elasticity ◽  
Patient Groups

Aim.In this study, we set out to determine the informative value of multi-parametric ultrasound examination using ultrasound elastography in the differential diagnosis of thyroid nodular neoplasms.Materialsand methods. We analysed 229 multi-parametric ultrasound examinations of patients in the preoperative period in order to assess the effectiveness of strain elastography (SE) and shear wave elastography (SWE) drawing on the example of ARFI and Strain Ratio. Two patient groups were formed. The fi rst group (N1=93) included patients with thyroid cancer, whereas the second one (N2=136) was composed of patients with benign thyroid nodules (thyroid adenoma and follicular or colloid goitre). The control group consisted of 174 patients with unchanged thyroid parenchyma. SE visualised tissue elasticity as a colour map. Shear wave elastography (SWE) — ARFI and Strain Ratio techniques — was performed using the following ultrasonic apparatuses: Acuson S-2000 (Siemens, Germany), Ultrasonix SP (Sonix, Canada) and Mindray DC-8 (Mindray, China).Results.According to the obtained data (SE technique), the parenchyma of the unchanged thyroid gland exhibited heterogeneous, uneven fi ne / moderately granular, symmetrical staining (96.6%). Thyroid cancer was characterised by a shear wave velocity (ARFI) of greater than 3.57 m/s, as well as a density ratio (elasticity modulus and Strain Ratio) of more than 1.56.Conclusion.The study revealed that the application of ultrasound elastography is highly informative in the comprehensive diagnosis of thyroid nodular neoplasms and should be used when thyroid cancer is suspected to ascertain the size of nodules, as well as the tumour invasion into surrounding tissues.

scholarly journals Morphofunctional Studies in the Early Diagnosis of Primary Open-Angle Glaucoma

2018 ◽  
Vol 15 (3) ◽  
pp. 280-286
Author(s):  
E. E. Kazaryan ◽  
I. A. Ronzina ◽  
V. M. Sheludchenko ◽  
T. V. Smirnova ◽  
D. M. Safonova ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Optic Nerve ◽  
Early Diagnosis ◽  
Structural Changes ◽  
Primary Open Angle Glaucoma ◽  
Open Angle Glaucoma ◽  
Nerve Fibers ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Retinal Layer ◽  
Open Angle ◽  
Confocal Scanning Laser

Purpose:to study the relationship between the optic nerve structural changes and the electrophysiological parameters of visual analyzer in the early diagnosis of primary open-angle glaucoma (POAG).Patients and methods.68 people took part in the study. 48 patients (56 eyes) were diagnosed with ophthalmic hypertension, suspected glaucoma (age ranged from 35 to 67 years, the average age was 51 years) and 20 healthy subjects (40 eyes) who entered the control group (age 32 up to 63 years, the average age is 47 years). All patients underwent standard ophthalmologic examination, multifocal electroretinography (mEPHRG), confocal scanning laser ophthalmoscopy (KSLO), electrophosphhenes and CFCs. For all types of analysis of mEPHR indices (by rings, quadrants and 3D), normal topography and density of the biopotential of the central region of the retina were recorded in patients with suspected glaucoma. The indices of the electrosensitivity of the inner layers of the retina, the conductivity of the axial fasciculus of the optic nerve, and CFSC also corresponded to normal values. Analysis of CCEA results showed a significant decrease of NRF volume of and the thickness of the retinal layer of nerve fibers compared to the control group, while in the group of patients with suspected glaucoma in 71 % of cases, the decrease of indicators correlated with the abnormalities in the static perimetry that was carried out earlier. Conducted morphometric studies confirm the fact that the decrease in the volume of IUU and SNV begins at the early, preclinical stage of glaucoma, and this in patients with ophthalmic hypertension can provide valuable information on the early diagnosis of POAG.

The Association of Serum Vitamin D Levels with Pseudoexfoliation Glaucoma/Syndrome

2019 ◽  
Vol 19 (2) ◽  
pp. 166-170 ◽  
Author(s):  
Seyhan Dikci ◽  
Emrah Öztürk ◽  
Penpe G. Fırat ◽  
Turgut Yılmaz ◽  
Mehmet Ç. Taşkapan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Vitamin D ◽  
Serum Vitamin ◽  
Glaucoma Surgery ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Serum Vitamin D ◽  
Vitamin D Levels ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
The Mean ◽  
And Control ◽  
Glaucoma Group

Objective: To investigate whether serum vitamin D levels have an effect on pseudoexfoliation (PEX) glaucoma/syndrome development and on the control of glaucoma in these cases. </P><P> Method: A total of 31 cases with PEX glaucoma, 34 cases with the PEX syndrome and 43 control subjects of similar age and sex were included in the study. Vitamin D levels were compared between the groups and also between the cases where glaucoma surgery was performed or not. Results: PEX glaucoma group consisted of 17 males and 14 females, PEX syndrome group of 27 males and 7 females, and the control group of 27 males and 16 females. The mean age was 70.9±8.9 years, 72.1±7.3 years, and 67.9±9.1 years in PEX glaucoma, syndrome and control group, respectively. Mean vitamin D levels were 9.4±7.7 ng/mL, 7.9±6,1 ng/mL, 11.5±14.2 ng/mL in PEX glaucoma, syndrome and control group, respectively (p>0.05). The mean serum vitamin D level was 8.04±4.7 ng/mL in those who underwent glaucoma surgery and 10.1±8.7 ng/mL in those who didn't undergo glaucoma surgery in PEX glaucoma group (p>0.05). No difference was found between the PEX glaucoma subgroups in terms of the mean deviation when classified according to vitamin D levels (<10 ng/mL, ≥10 ng/mL) (p>0.05). Conclusion: Although we found no statistically significant difference between the PEX syndrome/ glaucoma, and control group in terms of serum vitamin D levels, serum vitamin D levels were lower in PEX syndrome and glaucoma group than control group. Our results indicate that serum vitamin D levels have no effect on the development of PEX glaucoma/syndrome or the control of the disorder in cases with PEX glaucoma. However, these results need to be supported with further studies on a larger number of patients and with longer follow-up.

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