Lamination of ultra-thin silicon wafers for producing high-quality and low-cost x-ray telescope mirrors

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Youwei Yao ◽  
Mark L. Schattenburg
Keyword(s):  
Low Cost ◽  
Silicon Wafers ◽  
High Quality ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Telescope Mirrors ◽  
Thin Silicon

X-Ray Microanalysis of Art Glass Surfaces

2010 ◽  
Vol 18 (5) ◽  
pp. 28-31
Author(s):  
R.B. Simmons
Keyword(s):  
Heavy Metals ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Metallic Surfaces ◽  
High Quality ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Skin Contact ◽  
Work Area ◽  
The World ◽  
Glass Surfaces ◽  
Glass Workers

In recent years there has been a virtual explosion in the world of art glass. New glass formulations have brought a host of new colors into the marketplace, and the availability of low-cost, high-quality torches and other tools has brought art glass to the hobbyist. In addition to burn risks and possible cutting injury, there are a number of less obvious hazards that should be known to novice glass workers. One of these is the presence of heavy metals in or on glass surfaces and possibly in the atmosphere immediately surrounding the work area, presenting both potential skin contact and inhalation hazards. This study examines the metallic surfaces generated on five glass colors commonly used in art glass jewelry.

Fine Grinding of Silicon Wafers: Grinding Marks

2002 ◽  
Author(s):  
Z. J. Pei ◽  
Alan Strasbaugh
Keyword(s):  
Silicon Wafer ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Base Material ◽  
Silicon Wafers ◽  
High Yield ◽  
Manufacturing Processes ◽  
High Quality ◽  
Fine Grinding ◽  
Etched Silicon

In order to ensure high quality chips with high yield, the base material, semiconductor wafers (over 90% are silicon), must have superior quality. It is critically important to develop new manufacturing processes that allow silicon wafer manufacturers to produce high quality wafers at a reasonably low cost. A newly patented technology—fine grinding of etched silicon wafers—has great potential to manufacture very flat silicon wafers more cost-effectively. This paper presents an investigation of grinding marks in fine grinding. The investigation covers (1) nature of grinding marks, (2) factors that have effects on grinding marks, and (3) approaches to reduce grinding marks. Varying chuck speed during grinding operation is shown to be a very effective approach to reduce grinding marks. Conclusions from this study have direct impacts to the silicon wafer industry.

scholarly journals Upgrades Create Siate-Of-The-Art EPMA Facility

1996 ◽  
Vol 4 (4) ◽  
pp. 18-19
Author(s):  
Larry W. Sarver ◽  
Terry R. McCue
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microprobe ◽  
Driving Force ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
High Technology ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Small Companies ◽  
High Quality ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Corporate Customers ◽  
Increase Efficiency

A series of upgrades of an Electron Microprobe X-ray Analyzer (EPMA) were made to expand capabilities, increase efficiency, and cut costs. High technology EPUA features were acquired with cost effective expenditures. The driving force for our upgrade was to meet the continuing needs of corporate customers as well as many small companies which come to us for low-cost/high quality EPMA services.

ONE-POT SYNTHESIS OF Sb2Se3 NANOWIRES USING SELENIUM DIOXIDE AS THE SELENIUM PRECURSOR IN AIR AND THEIR CHARACTERIZATION

2013 ◽  
Vol 12 (05) ◽  
pp. 1350040
Author(s):  
MINGFU YE ◽  
TINGEING YI ◽  
LIXIN XU ◽  
GUOCHANG CHEN ◽  
YUNCHAO LI ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
Transmission Electron Microscopy ◽  
Photoelectron Spectroscopy ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Orthorhombic Phase ◽  
High Quality ◽  
One Pot ◽  
Chemical Route ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Transmission Electron

Orthorhombic phase of antimony triselenide ( Sb 2 Se 3) nanowires have been obtained by a facile and effective one-pot noninjection chemical route with controllable shape and size. The synthesis, which uses SeO 2 as the selenium precursor and can be conducted in air, is suitable for the larger-scale industrial synthesis of high-quality nanocrystals at low cost. The as-prepared nanocrystals were extensively characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), selected area electron diffraction (SAED), high resolution transmission electron microscopy (HRTEM) and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS). We believe that the method present here is a more straightforward and cost-effective route to prepare Sb 2 Se 3 nanocrystals with high quality. The band-edge positions of the Sb 2 Se 3 nanocrystals are studied by cyclic voltammetry (CV).

Arsenic segregation in polysilicon

1983 ◽  
Vol 41 ◽  
pp. 154-155 ◽  
Author(s):  
P.E. Batson ◽  
C.R.M. Grovenor ◽  
D.A. Smith ◽  
C. Wong
Keyword(s):  
Incident Beam ◽  
Silicon Wafers ◽  
Chemical Polishing ◽  
Bright Field Image ◽  
Beam Size ◽  
Stem Analysis ◽  
Bright Field ◽  
Twin Boundaries ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Line Scan

In this work As doped polysilicon was deposited onto (100) silicon wafers by APCVD at 660°C from a silane-arsine mixture, followed by a ten minute anneal at 1000°C, and in one case a further ten minute anneal at 700°C. Specimens for TEM and STEM analysis were prepared by chemical polishing. The microstructure, which is unchanged by the final 700°C anneal,is shown in Figure 1. It consists of numerous randomly oriented grains many of which contain twins.X-ray analysis was carried out in a VG HB5 STEM. As K α x-ray counts were collected from STEM scans across grain and twin boundaries, Figures 2-4. The incident beam size was about 1.5nm in diameter, and each of the 20 channels in the plots was sampled from a 1.6nm length of the approximately 30nm line scan across the boundary. The bright field image profile along the scanned line was monitored during the analysis to allow correlation between the image and the x-ray signal.

Image Quality Analysis of X-ray Grating Interferometer Using Integrating-bucket Method

2020 ◽  
Vol 64 (2) ◽  
pp. 20503-1-20503-5
Author(s):  
Faiz Wali ◽  
Shenghao Wang ◽  
Ji Li ◽  
Jianheng Huang ◽  
Yaohu Lei ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Image Quality ◽  
Phase Contrast ◽  
Quality Analysis ◽  
Phase Contrast Imaging ◽  
Phase Image ◽  
Contrast Imaging ◽  
High Quality ◽  
Image Quality Analysis ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Grating Interferometer

Abstract Grating-based x-ray phase-contrast imaging has the potential to enhance image quality and provide inner structure details non-destructively. In this work, using grating-based x-ray phase-contrast imaging system and employing integrating-bucket method, the quantitative expressions of signal-to-noise ratios due to photon statistics and mechanical error are analyzed in detail. Photon statistical noise and mechanical error are the main sources affecting the image noise in x-ray grating interferometry. Integrating-bucket method is a new phase extraction method translated to x-ray grating interferometry; hence, its image quality analysis would be of great importance to get high-quality phase image. The authors’ conclusions provide an alternate method to get high-quality refraction signal using grating interferometer, and hence increases applicability of grating interferometry in preclinical and clinical usage.

Technology of high quality protein crystals’ obtaining aboard the ISS at execution of joint Japanese–Russian experiments

2020 ◽  
pp. 5-25
Author(s):  
Koji INAKA ◽  
Saori ICHIMIZU ◽  
Izumi YOSHIZAKI ◽  
Kiyohito KIHIRA ◽  
Elena G. LAVRENKO ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Drug Design ◽  
International Space Station ◽  
Space Station ◽  
Protein Crystals ◽  
Diffusion Method ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
High Quality ◽  
International Space ◽  
X Ray ◽  
High Quality Protein

A series of space experiments aboard the International Space Station (ISS) associated with high-quality Protein Crystal Growth (PCG) in microgravity conditions can be considered as a unique and one of the best examples of fruitful collaboration between Japanese and Russian scientists and engineers in space, which includes also other ISS International Partners. X-ray diffraction is still the most powerful tool to determine the protein three dimensional structure necessary for Structure based drug design (SBDD). The major purpose of the experiment is to grow high quality protein crystals in microgravity for X-ray diffraction on Earth. Within one and a half decade, Japan and Russia have established an efficient process over PCG in space to support latest developments over drug design and structural biology. One of the keys for success of the experiment lies in how precisely pre-launch preparations are made. Japanese party provides flight equipment for crystallization and ensures the required environment to support the experiment aboard of the ISS’s Kibo module, and also mainly takes part of the experiment ground support such as protein sample characterization, purification, crystallization screening, and solution optimization for microgravity experiment. Russian party is responsible for integration of the flight items equipped with proteins and precipitants on board Russian transportation space vehicles (Soyuz or Progress), for delivery them at the ISS, transfer to Kibo module, and returning the experiments’ results back on Earth aboard Soyuz manned capsule. Due to close cooperation of the parties and solid organizational structure, samples can be launched at the ISS every half a year if the ground preparation goes smoothly. The samples are crystallized using counter diffusion method at 20 degree C for 1–2.5 months. After samples return, the crystals are carefully taken out from the capillary, and frozen for X-ray diffraction at SPring8 facility in Japan. Extensive support of researchers from both countries is also a part of this process. The paper analyses details of the PCG experiment scheme, unique and reliable technology of its execution, and contains examples of the application. Key words: International Space Station, Protein crystals, Microgravity, International collaboration.

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