Portable rheometer to overcome the challenge of measuring low viscosity solution of acrylamide-based polymers at high temperature with an affordable cost for O&G applications

2021 ◽  
Vol 65 (5) ◽  
pp. 1053-1063
Author(s):  
S. Antignard ◽  
G. Dupuis ◽  
C. Favéro ◽  
L. Rodriguez ◽  
B. Grassl
Keyword(s):  
High Temperature ◽  
Viscosity Solution ◽  
Low Viscosity

Investigating the influence of carbon nanotube on the performance of asphalt binder

2021 ◽  
pp. 147776062110194
Author(s):  
Peerzada Mosir Shah ◽  
Mohammad Shafi Mir
Keyword(s):  
High Temperature ◽  
Asphalt Binder ◽  
Storage Condition ◽  
Modified Bitumen ◽  
Creep And Recovery ◽  
Low Viscosity ◽  
Temperature Performance ◽  
Modified Asphalt Binder ◽  
Viscosity Grade ◽  
The Impact

The purpose of this study aims at investigating the impact of multi-walled carbon nanotubes (MWCNT’s) on the properties of low viscosity grade asphalt binder. Asphalt binder with viscosity grade-10 is selected as the control binder and later it is modified with different percentages of MWCNT’s (0.5–2.5%). Penetration, softening point, ductility and rotational viscosity test were employed for evaluating the effect of MWCNT’s on basic physical properties of modified asphalt binder. Dynamic Shear Rheometer (DSR) is used for evaluating the rheological properties of the base and modified bitumen, for both aged and unaged bitumen. Based on the conventional and basic rheological tests, it was seen that the addition of MWCNT’s improved the high-temperature performance of modified bitumen. Multiple Stress Creep and Recovery (MSCR) test results revealed that the addition of MWCNT’s improved the creep and recovery of modified binders for both stress intensities (0.1 kPa and 3.2 kPa) which confirms that the modified binder is more rut resistant. Moreover, it was observed that there was a significant improvement in the aging resistance of the asphalt binder due to addition of MWCNTs. However low temperature performance of MWCNTs was not encouraging. Also, MWCNTs addition to asphalt binder was found to be stable under high-temperature storage condition. Overall, there is a significant amount of improvement using MWCNTs in the base asphalt binder.

scholarly journals Improvement of acid solutions for stimulation of compacted high-temperature carbonate collectors

2021 ◽  
Vol 6 (3(62)) ◽  
pp. 11-14
Author(s):  
Oleh Zimin
Keyword(s):  
Surface Tension ◽  
Acetic Acid ◽  
High Temperature ◽  
Reaction Rate ◽  
Methyl Acetate ◽  
Surface Tension Coefficient ◽  
Gradual Transition ◽  
Acid Solutions ◽  
Hydrocarbon Production ◽  
Low Viscosity

The object of research in this work is the intensification of hydrocarbon production. The most problematic task of the study is the efficiency of intensification of compacted high-temperature carbonate reservoirs. Despite the gradual transition to renewable energy sources, natural gas and oil will play a dominant role in the world's energy balance in the next 20–30 years. Carbonate rocks have significant mining potential, but low filtration properties require intensification to improve reservoir permeability. High temperatures and pressures at great depths require the improvement of existing hydrocarbon production technologies. The most popular method for treating reservoirs containing carbonates is acid treatments in different variations, but for effective treatment it is necessary to achieve deep penetration of the solution into the formation. The study solves the problem of selection of effective carrier liquids for the preparation of acid solutions for the treatment of compacted high-temperature reservoirs with high carbonate content. To ensure quality treatment, acid solutions must have low viscosity and surface tension coefficient, low reaction rate, their chemical properties must ensure the absence of insoluble precipitates in the process of reactions with fluids and rocks, as well as be environmentally friendly. To select the most optimal carrier liquid, experiments were conducted to determine which candidate liquids provide the minimum reaction rate of acidic solutions with carbonates. Based on the analysis of industrial application data and literature sources, water, nephras, methanol, ethyl acetate, and methyl acetate were selected for further research. Widely studied acetic acid was chosen as the basic acid. Studies have shown that methyl acetate has a number of advantages, namely low reaction rate, low viscosity and surface tension coefficient. As well as the possibility of hydrolysis in the formation with the release of acetic acid, which significantly prolongs the reaction time of the solution with the rock and the depth of penetration of the active solution into the formation.

scholarly journals The Prospects for Processing Reservoir Oil Sludge into Hydrocarbons by Low-Temperature Hydrogenation in Sorbing Electrochemical Matrices in Comparison with Conventional High-Temperature Hydrocracking

Energies ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 13 (20) ◽  
pp. 5362
Author(s):  
Anton Maximov ◽  
Aslan Tsivadze ◽  
Alexander Fridman ◽  
Tatyana Kuchinskaya ◽  
Alexander Novikov ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Aqueous Solution ◽  
High Temperature ◽  
Low Temperature ◽  
Transition Metals ◽  
Mesoporous Structure ◽  
Oil Sludge ◽  
Commercial Catalyst ◽  
Low Viscosity ◽  
Yield Of Light Fractions

In this paper, we developed an effective method for purifying oil sludge using a sorbing electrochemical matrix and assessed the prospects of this method in comparison with conventional hydrocracking. We synthesized Ni-W supported hydrocracking catalysts with different morphology and studied their activity under various conditions, we compared the obtained catalysts with commercial catalyst SGK-5. We demonstrated that the introduction of a secondary mesoporous structure in the catalyst leads to an increase in the yield of light fractions to 52 wt.%. The possibility is demonstrated to obtain hydrocarbons from reservoir oil sludge, dispersed into an aqueous solution of detergent, by the method of low-temperature hydrogenation in sorbing electrochemical matrices. The obtained product was characterized by low viscosity, low content of transition metals (<320 ppm), and sulphur (<260 ppm).

Evidence of re-entrant behavior in laponite-PEO systems

2005 ◽  
Vol 899 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hossein Baghdadi ◽  
Surita R. Bhatia ◽  
Elizabeth E. C. Jensen ◽  
Nalini Easwar
Keyword(s):  
Molecular Weight ◽  
Viscosity Solution ◽  
High Viscosity ◽  
Polymer Chains ◽  
Low Viscosity ◽  
End Distance ◽  
Depletion Force ◽  
Poly Ethylene Oxide ◽  
Poly Ethylene ◽  
Electrostatic Repulsions

AbstractRheology and dynamic light scattering capture re-entrant behavior of laponite-polymer systems. Neat laponite under basics conditions and concentrations of 2wt% or greater forms a viscoelastic soft glass due to electrostatic repulsions. We show that that addition of low molecular weight poly(ethylene oxide) (PEO) melts the glass due to a depletion force. The depletion force speeds up dynamics in the system resulting in a low viscosity solution. A re-entrant viscoelastic solid is formed with the addition of high molecular weight PEO due to the polymer chains bridging between laponite particles. As expected the transition from a low to high viscosity solution scales with the polymer mean square end-to-end distance and gap between laponite particles.

Rheology and Microstructure of Polymer/Asphalt Blends

1991 ◽  
Vol 64 (4) ◽  
pp. 577-600 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. G. Bouldin ◽  
J. H. Collins ◽  
A. Berker
Keyword(s):  
High Temperature ◽  
Low Temperatures ◽  
Elevated Temperatures ◽  
Polymer Concentration ◽  
Deformation Energy ◽  
Plateau Modulus ◽  
Temperature Range ◽  
Low Viscosity ◽  
Mechanical Measurements ◽  
Polymer Type

Abstract This work demonstrates the effectiveness of polymers in improving, especially, the high temperature properties of asphalt. The appropriate choice of asphalt, asphalt-grade, polymer type, polymer concentration, and the method of mixing determine if a network-like structure is formed. This morphology significantly improves the creep performance of the binder at elevated temperatures, i.e., the binder has the ability to store deformation energy with subsequent recoil. This is contrary to Newtonian fluids which transform the energy into viscous flow (no recoil). Within the context of dynamic mechanical measurements, the presence of a polymeric network is manifested through the appearance of a plateau modulus. In the case of binders containing block copolymers, we have repeatedly observed that such property improvement in the high-temperature range is generally accompanied by a reduction of the glassy modulus at the low-temperature range as well. It should be noted that by modifying low-viscosity asphalts (i.e., low AC-grades) with polymers, binders can be obtained which exhibit significantly lower moduli at low temperatures and higher moduli at elevated temperatures. This suggests that although using a high AC-grade asphalt may yield satisfactory results at a particular temperature (high temperature), one may instead optimize binders over the entire temperature range (high and low) by starting with a low AC-grade and adding polymer. These results indicate that careful Theological measurements can be a powerful tool in the characterization and design of viscoelastic blends.

scholarly journals Interfacial Assembly and Jamming of Polyelectrolyte Surfactants: A Simple Route To Print Liquids in Low-Viscosity Solution

2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (15) ◽  
pp. 18116-18122 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ruiyan Xu ◽  
Tan Liu ◽  
Huilou Sun ◽  
Beibei Wang ◽  
Shaowei Shi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Viscosity Solution ◽  
Interfacial Assembly ◽  
Simple Route ◽  
Low Viscosity

A Simple Method for Adhesive Bonding of Capacitive Pressure Sensors

2010 ◽  
Author(s):  
Abdolreza R. Mohammadi ◽  
Mu Chiao
Keyword(s):  
High Temperature ◽  
Adhesive Bonding ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Pressure Sensors ◽  
Thermal Error ◽  
Ultraviolet Curing ◽  
Simple Method ◽  
Low Viscosity ◽  
Heat Curing ◽  
Capacitance Pressure

We have developed a simple, low cost technique using new materials to bond capacitance pressure sensors. The old methods have difficult processes when a metal trace on the bonding area perturbs the sealing. The new method uses a polymeric gap-controlling block between glass and silicon wafers and a heat curing adhesive which penetrates between them due to capillary force. We used two different materials including SU-8™ and UV (ultraviolet) curing adhesive in order to control the gap. The technique allows us to generate a small gap between the chips due to low viscosity of the heat curing adhesive, align and bond chips immediately, make a strong bond, and easily seal the sensor. Also, the high temperature, strong heat curing adhesive makes the sensor suitable for high temperature and high pressure applications. The sensors were tested up to 2 MPa and 170°C in a nitrogen chamber. The maximum thermal error of ±1.74% and ±1% full scale output (FSO) were measured for SU-8 and UV sensors, respectively.

scholarly journals The Late-Paleoarchean Ultra-Depleted Commondale Komatiites: Earth's Hottest Lavas and Consequences for Eruption

2019 ◽  
Vol 60 (8) ◽  
pp. 1575-1620 ◽  
Author(s):  
Allan H Wilson
Keyword(s):  
High Temperature ◽  
Marginal Zone ◽  
Parental Magma ◽  
Mantle Peridotite ◽  
Rock Types ◽  
Low Viscosity ◽  
Incompatible Elements ◽  
Olivine Cumulates ◽  
Rare Category ◽  
Initial Source

Abstract The c.3·3 Ga Commondale komatiites located south of the Barberton greenstone belt in the Kaapvaal Craton are different from other komatiites, possessing compositional and textural features unique to this occurrence. Unlike almost all other known komatiite occurrences, they are not associated with komatiitic basalts or basalts. The komatiite flows are 0·5–25 m thick and are made up of a marginal zone of spinifex-textured and fine-grained aphyric rocks (low-Mg group) and an inner zone of olivine cumulates (high-Mg group), arranged in such a way to give highly symmetrical compositional profiles for many flows. Olivine is the dominant phase in all rocks, but orthopyroxene occurs as spinifex and elongate laths in the marginal zone. Clinopyroxene and plagioclase are entirely absent. The olivine cumulates formed from Mg-rich magma (36·1% MgO, 6·8% FeO) which caused inflation of the thicker flows. The maximum observed olivine composition in cores (Fo 96·6) is the highest recorded for any komatiite worldwide. The high-Mg magma would have erupted at a temperature close to 1670°C, the highest inferred temperature for an anhydrous terrestrial lava. The marginal zone is enriched in incompatible elements compared with the inner zone and formed by fractionation of the parental melt. However, all rock-types in the marginal zone are depleted in FeO (some as low as 3·5%) which could not have been derived by any primary magmatic process. The marginal zone rocks were modified by assimilation and/or alteration by seawater (or brine) components causing migration of iron and strong enrichment of sodium (up to 1·6 wt % Na2O) and chlorine (up to 2400 ppm). Zirconium has an identical distribution to sodium, with both elements greatly enriched above what would result from fractional crystallization, and may result from speciation of these elements at high temperature followed by post-crystallization alteration. Rare earth elements, Y and Nb have contents commensurate with fractionation of the primitive parental magma. Dendritic-textured olivine-rich rocks with orthopyroxene spinifex spatially and compositionally transitional between the marginal zone and the olivine cumulates resulted from interaction of the high temperature parental magma in the centre of the flows with the fractionated melt at the flow margins. A further manifestation of this association is the development of highly regular fine-scale (5–15 cm) layering (up to 45 layers) of alternating olivine cumulate and spinifex near the base of thick flows. This is overlain by olivine cumulates in which the melt/crystal-mush became arranged into a 3-dimensional network controlled by re-distribution of the trapped melt manifest by a spectacular knobbly texture in outcrop. Over 200 flow units are recognized and detailed chemical and mineralogical studies were carried out on drill cores intersecting 375 m of stratigraphy. The parental magma was highly depleted (in ppm Nb 0·017, Zr 1·18, total REE 1·7 and Gd/YbN=0·3, La/YbN=0·038) and although generally regarded to fall into the rare category of Al-enriched komatiites (AEKs), it is considered that these lavas are a unique class of their own of ultra-depleted komatiites. Relative to other AEKs the Commondale komatiites are both enriched in Al as well as being markedly depleted in Ti (390 ppm), giving rise to the extremely high Al2O3/TiO2 (81). The high temperature and low viscosity of the magma resulted in emplacement processes previously unrecognized in komatiites. The primary melt was derived by melting of mantle peridotite in equilibrium with olivine and orthopyroxene. The initial source was depleted in incompatible elements by small degrees of melting (3–4%) followed by high degrees of partial melting (70%) of the subsequent refractory source at 5 GPa (∼150 km).

A Low-Viscosity Retarded Acid System for Stimulation of High-Temperature Deep Wells

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mohammed Sayed ◽  
Amy J. Cairns ◽  
Bashayer S. Aldakkan ◽  
Ahmed M. Gomaa ◽  
Khalid R. Alnoaimi
Keyword(s):  
High Temperature ◽  
Acid System ◽  
Low Viscosity ◽  
Deep Wells ◽  
Stimulation Of
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