The Meaning of Help in PE: Perceptions of Students with Physical Disabilities

2001 ◽  
Vol 18 (3) ◽  
pp. 289-303 ◽  
Author(s):  
Donna L. Goodwin

The purpose of this study was to describe the meaning of help in physical education as perceived by students with physical disabilities. The experiences of early, middle, and late elementary school aged students (n = 12) were captured using the phenomenological methods of individual and focus group interviews, field notes, and visual artifacts. The thematic analysis revealed that interactions were perceived as self-supporting or self-threatening. Self-supporting behaviors were instrumental, caring, or consensual in form, while self-threatening behaviors resulted in a loss of independence, concerns for self-esteem, or restricted participation. Participant responses to the helping behaviors became more complex with age. Instrumental and caring assistance emerged across all groups as did loss of independence and concerns for self-esteem. The older participants experienced restricted participation and consensual help. The implications of helping behavior on motivation and dependency states are discussed within the framework of threat to self-esteem theory.

2000 ◽  
Vol 17 (2) ◽  
pp. 144-160 ◽  
Author(s):  
Donna L. Goodwin ◽  
E. Jane Watkinson

The study describes the phenomenon of inclusive physical education from the perspective of students with disabilities. The experience of 9 elementary school-aged students with physical disabilities (6 males and 3 females with a mean age of 11 years, 1 month) was captured by way of focus group interviews, field notes, and participant drawings. The thematic analysis uncovered a persistent dichotomy in how the participants experienced physical education. Good days were revealed in the themes of sense of belonging, skillful participation, and sharing in the benefits. Bad days were overshadowed by negative feelings revealed in the themes of social isolation, questioned competence, and restricted participation. The students’ experiences were discussed within the conceptual framework of ecological perception and affordance theory (Gibson, 1977, 1979).


10.2196/18292 ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 3 (2) ◽  
pp. e18292 ◽  
Author(s):  
Amber Jean Hammons ◽  
Elizabeth Villegas ◽  
Norma Olvera ◽  
Kimberly Greder ◽  
Barbara Fiese ◽  
...  

Background Given the protective effects of shared family mealtimes and the importance of family in the Hispanic culture, this context should be explored further to determine how it can be leveraged and optimized for interventions. Objective This study aimed to explore contextual factors associated with family mealtimes in Mexican and Puerto Rican families. Methods A total of 63 mothers participated in 13 focus group interviews across 4 states. Thematic analysis was used to analyze transcripts. Results Seven overarching themes were identified through the thematic analysis. Themes reflected who was present at the mealtime, what occurs during mealtime, the presence of television, the influence of technology during mealtime, and how mealtimes have changed since the mothers were children. Conclusions Hispanic mothers may be adapting family mealtimes to fit their current situations and needs, keeping the television and other devices on during mealtimes, and making additional meals for multiple family members to appease everyone’s tastes. All of these are areas that can be incorporated into existing culturally tailored obesity prevention programs to help families lead healthier lives.


Author(s):  
Alina Slapac ◽  
Kim H. Song ◽  
Cynthia C. Chasteen

This chapter discusses the successes, concerns and challenges faced by in-service teachers in the instruction of English Learners (ELs). The constructs of intercultural responsiveness (IR), cultural competence (CC), linguistic competence (LC) and professional development (PD) are used as conceptual frameworks. The researchers are drawing on data gathered at a statewide conference focused on dual language (DL) education from five focus group interviews and informal conversations with twenty-seven in-service teachers and administrators at all levels of education, and the researchers' field notes .Vignettes of the participants' voices highlight their perspectives and experiences working with ELs. The authors hope that these stories of celebrations and struggles will engage other teachers and administrators to take a deeper look into their personal practices and pedagogies of working with ELs.


Author(s):  
Kent Griffin ◽  
Karen Meaney ◽  
Anthony Deringer

Self-determination theory (SDT) (Ryan & Deci, 2000) suggests that when a person is motivated they likely experience a sense of autonomy, competence, and relatedness. It is important to understand how these constructs relate to physical activity and sport if we are to persist in our notion that these pursuits can positively impact the holistic development of youth (Camiré, Trudel, & Forneris, 2013; Frankl, 2007). Thus, the purpose of this investigation is to examine the motivational characteristics of adolescents participating in an after-school mountain bike program. Data were analyzed via field notes, interviews and focus groups. Content analysis of the individual and focus group interviews along with field notes revealed that the mountain bike sport environment served to foster motivational characteristics as is described in SDT.Based on this investigation, students who participated in the after-school program (n=28) reported a sense of autonomy, competence and relatedness.


2016 ◽  
Vol 24 (2) ◽  
pp. 165-180 ◽  
Author(s):  
Toni Hilland ◽  
Nicola Ridgers ◽  
Gareth Stratton ◽  
Zoe Knowles ◽  
Stuart Fairclough

Predisposing factors of perceived physical education (PE) ability and perceived PE worth within the Youth Physical Activity Promotion Model are positively associated with young people’s daily physical activity. The aim of this study was to qualitatively investigate the origins of students’ perceived PE ability (perceived competence and self-esteem) and perceived PE worth (attitude and enjoyment). Fifty-three PE students, aged 12–14 years (mean = 13.18), participated in semi-structured focus group interviews, which were recorded, transcribed and analysed inductively and deductively and represented as pen profiles. Analysis revealed three higher order themes relating to perceived PE ability (external feedback, perceptions of (in)competence and comparison against peers), and three higher order themes underpinning perceived PE worth (PE teachers, expectancy–value relationship and the physical experience of PE). PE should be perceived as interesting, relevant and meaningful by students and provide appropriate opportunities for success so as to influence lifetime physical activity habits.


BMC Nursing ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 20 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Åsa Bringsén ◽  
Johanna Sjöbeck ◽  
Pia Petersson

Abstract Background Health care professionals frequently interact with unknown patients in a process involving appearance-based judgements and priority-setting, all of which has an effect on health care equality. The healthcare provider–patient interaction is also highly relevant for the awareness and support of patients’ appearance concerns, with an associated possibility for improving patients’ satisfaction with their appearance and health. The aim was therefore to explore nursing staff’s experience of patients’ appearance issues in various nursing situations, with the purpose to facilitate awareness raising and knowledge development. Method A qualitative research approach with focus group interviews was chosen due to the exploratory aim of the study. Five semi-structured focus group interviews were conducted with 24 nursing staff in total (19 women and five men). The participants’ ages varied (20 to 45 years) as did their professional nursing experience. The interviews lasted approximately one hour, were digitally recorded, transcribed verbatim and analysed through thematic analysis. Results The thematic analysis resulted in the two themes Patient perspective and Professional nursing role, with associated subthemes. The findings showed the importance and impact of appearance issues in nursing situations and how these are linked to the health of the patients. Some groups of patients were identified as more vulnerable than others, which was associated with health care inequalities and health disparities. Value-based strategies along with knowledge, and skills for holistic person-centred care were identified as important resources for the development of appearance-related awareness and support in various nursing situations. Conclusion Strategies for improvement can be realised through the educational system for nursing staff, but mainly by using collective reflective learning forums in different workplaces. An empowerment approach is considered a useful framework for the implementation of holistic person-centred care, functioning as a resource for appearance-related awareness and support in various nursing situations. However, more research is needed on the complex and challenging phenomenon of appearance issues in nursing situations. Knowledge development related to successful person-centred strategies for appearance-related awareness and support is important, especially strategies with a salutogenic perspective.


Author(s):  
Song Yi Lee ◽  
Jung Ah Lee ◽  
Hee Jung Chung ◽  
Hyun-Jin Kim ◽  
Yu Cheon Kim ◽  
...  

Rehabilitation exercise is effective for improving the health of persons with physical disabilities. However, there are limited studies on their perception of exercise equipment use. The purpose of this study was to investigate the subjectivity to understand the types of perceptions of individuals with physical disabilities regarding the use of exercise equipment in South Korea. This study used Q-methodology. A literature review and focus group interviews with individuals with physical disabilities were conducted to construct Q-Population. Q-statements were selected from the Q-population, after which Q-sorting was executed by P-sample. The results indicated 4 perception types: (1) “Independent user,” (2) “Practical user,” (3) “Motivational user,” and (4) “Convenience user.” Recommendations were provided for developing exercise equipment for use by individuals with physical disabilities. This study revealed 4 perception categories and the findings have strong potential to contribute to the development of proper services and the effective utilization of exercise equipment for individuals with physical disabilities.


2018 ◽  
Vol 39 (1) ◽  
pp. 9-19 ◽  
Author(s):  
Benjamín Olivares Bøgeskov ◽  
Søsserr Lone Smilla Grimshaw-Aagaard

Given the substantial increase in the documentation required of nurses in recent years, this article explores nurses’ perceptions of the value of documentation, and, subsequently, attempts to explain a puzzling tendency, whereby some nurses attach little value to arguably useful forms of documentation. We use data gathered from individual interviews with nursing leaders and focus-group interviews with frontline nurses at two wards in a Danish hospital. Our thematic analysis shows that nurses are divided between a positive view of documentation as something essential, and a negative one of it being a meaningless burden that distracts nurses from their ‘real’ work, contradicts their professional identity, and does not benefit the patient. However, except for some cases where the same information is registered twice (‘double registration’), we find no objective criteria for determining which types of documentation are perceived positively or negatively, as even arguably useful types are sometimes considered meaningless. We interpret this as being because of conflicting concepts of value: utility vs meaning. Using an existential theory of meaning, we argue that documentation’s practical utility alone is not sufficient to provide meaning. We thus suggest the need for finding a balance between: a) adjusting documentation requirements, b) adapting the nursing profession, and c) changing nurses’ perceptions of the value of documentation.


2020 ◽  
Vol 79 (Suppl 1) ◽  
pp. 1944.1-1945
Author(s):  
L. Raunsbæk Knudsen ◽  
K. Lomborg ◽  
A. De Thurah

Background:Patient education (PE), with the aim of supporting patients to self-manage their disease is important in the treatment and care of patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA) (1). Today, there is a shift in the organization of healthcare systems due to a demographic change towards ageing populations and an increasing use of technology. Advancements in web-technology can offer alternative ways to provide PE – e.g. through an e-learning platform. However,E-Learning development must be based on the needs of the learners and on existing evidence on both education and content.Objectives:To develop an e-learning platform targeting newly diagnosed patients with RA.Methods:Focus group interviews with patients, rheumatologists and nurses, with the aim of exploring informational and educational needs related to RA and how this may be communicated in an e-learning program, were conducted. We used a short interview guide to ensure the focus of the interviews, however, strived for a less structured start of the interview to promote a free discussion and later a more structured discussion of specific questions. Pictures, illustrating possible topics in PE within RA and ways to communicate, were also applied. The transcribed interviews were analyzed using thematic analysis (2).The theoretical framework in the development and design drew on the cognitive theory of multimedia learning (3) and entertainment education (4).Results:Four themes, covering experiences and needs emerged in the analysis of the focus-group interviews;‘Knowledge of RA, the disease course and prognosis’, ‘Medical treatment’, ‘A new life situation’and‘Daily living with RA’.Subsequently, the program was developed through an iterative process between the project group, patient representatives, a communication consultant, graphic designers and an e-learning company.The program was divided into three learning modules covering knowledge of RA, complications, medical treatment, examinations and daily living with RA, e.g. coping with emotions, pain, fatigue, work, education, physical activity etc. It offers a combination of e.g. animations, videos with personal patient stories, podcasts, written text, spoken words and interactive quizzes.Conclusion:The e-learning program is developed and ready for feasibility testing. Subsequently, the effectiveness of the program will be tested in a RCT study among approximately 250 patients.References:[1]Zangi HA, Ndosi M, Adams J, et al. EULAR recommendations for patient education for people with inflammatory arthritis. Ann Rheum Dis. 2015; 0:1-9.[2]Braun V, Clarke V. Using thematic analysis in psychology.Qualitative research in psychology. 2006; 3 (2): 77-101.[3]Mayer R. The Cambridge handbook of multimedia learning. 2005. New York.[4]Singhal A, Cody MJ, Rogers EM, Sabido M (editors). Entertainment-education and social change – History, research and practice. Taylor and Francis; 2003.Acknowledgments:We thank the participants in focus groups who shared their experiences. We also express our gratitude to the Novo Nordisk Foundation for supporting the study. Furthermore, we are grateful for the collaboration with the communication consultants, graphic designers and the e-learning company, who have contributed to the development of the e-learning platform.Disclosure of Interests:Line Raunsbæk Knudsen Consultant of: Phizer (Not relevant for the present study)., Speakers bureau: Phizer (Not relevant for the present study).Lily (Not relevant for the present study).Roche (Not relevant for the present study)., Kirsten Lomborg: None declared, Annette de Thurah Grant/research support from: Novartis (not relevant for the present study)., Speakers bureau: Lily (not relevant for the present study).


2013 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 375-382
Author(s):  
Elsa C. Nell ◽  
Michael Colin Cant

The main aim of this study was to investigate the influence of sound on consumers buying behaviour in apparel retail stores. The type of research design used in this study was exploratory in nature, making use of a qualitative approach and a communicative technique of focus group interviews and naïve sketches. The data gathered was analysed by means of Tesch’s inductive descriptive coding technique, better known as thematic analysis. It was found that sound has the ability to influence consumers in either a subconscious or a conscious way. This has a direct influence on the amount of time that consumers are willing to spend in-store and ultimately influencing their buying decisions and behaviour in either a positive or a negative way.


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