The Effect of Growth on Drag in Young Swimmers

1990 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
pp. 18-28 ◽  
Author(s):  
Huub M. Toussaint ◽  
Michiel de Looze ◽  
Bas Van Rossem ◽  
Marijke Leijdekkers ◽  
Hans Dignum
Keyword(s):  
Body Shape ◽  
The Body ◽  
Morphological Data ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Ship Building ◽  
Building Technology ◽  
Complex Process ◽  
The Mean ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Active Drag

In this study the relationship between morphological data and active drag, as measured on the MAD system (system to measure active drag), and the effect of a 2.5-year period of growth was examined in a group of children (mean age at the start of the study, 12.9 years). During this period the children showed a mean increase in height from 1.52 to 1.69 m, and in weight from 40.0 to 54.7 kg. Also the body cross-sectional area (Ap), previously reported to relate strongly to drag in a group of adult swimmers, showed an increase in size of 16%. However, the drag did not change; the mean drag force for all subjects swimming at 1.25 m•s−1was 30.1 N (±2.37) in 1985 and 30.8 N (±4.50) in 1988. The increase in height resulted in a decrease in the Froude Number (Fr) and hence in a decrease in wave-making resistance. Furthermore, form indices derived from ship-building technology demonstrated changes that indicated a more streamlined body form. Therefore it was concluded that during growth a complex process takes place in which different factors determining drag, such as height, body shape (Cd), and Ap, change in directions, having opposite effects on drag.

scholarly journals Investigating the Relationship between Body Management and Modern Identity among Married Women in Tehran City

2016 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 102
Author(s):  
Hassan Rafiey ◽  
Mohammad-Ali Mohammadi ◽  
Mohammad-Bagher Alizadeh Aghdam ◽  
Saeed Soltani Bahram
Keyword(s):  
Sampling Method ◽  
Family Income ◽  
Married Women ◽  
The Body ◽  
Cross Sectional Survey ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Modern Age ◽  
The Mean ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Modern Identity

INTRODUCTION: One of the characteristics of the modern age is to pay attention to visual symbols. In recent periods, body had found basic importance because of being the most available instrument to exhibit the identity forms and had been transformed to an identity media.METHODS: In this cross-sectional survey, the relationship between body management and modern identity has been studied on 400 married women in Tehran city. The sampling method used in this research is multistage cluster sampling.RESULTS: In the range of 50 to 87, the mean score of body management was 66.18 that indicates a body management behavior around average among participants. A positive, significant relationship (r=0.32) between modern identity and body management was found. Regression analysis showed that modern identity, monthly family income, educational level, and age can explain 20% of the variance of body management.CONCLUSION: It may be concluded that the higher the level of modern identity, the higher the level of body management will be. Based on Giddens’ theory, it can be stated that in the consumption world, the women according to their tastes and interests are trying to present themselves beautiful and youthful and to make a distinguished personal identity of themselves. Therefore, the body style and statues are some of the mechanisms that the women used to reveal their identity.

scholarly journals Relationship between Body Mass Index and Tooth Decay in a Population of 3–6-Year-Old Children in Iran

2015 ◽  
Vol 2015 ◽  
pp. 1-5 ◽  
Author(s):  
Leila Shafie Bafti ◽  
Maryam Alsadat Hashemipour ◽  
Hamidreza Poureslami ◽  
Zeinab Hoseinian
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Analytical Study ◽  
Deciduous Teeth ◽  
Tooth Decay ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Dmft Index ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Iranian Children ◽  
The Relationship

The aim of the present study was to evaluate the relationship between BMI and tooth decay in a population of Iranian children. In this cross-sectional descriptive/analytical study, 1482 children were selected from kindergartens and preschool centers in Kerman, Iran. The children underwent examination of deciduous teeth (using the dmft index) after determination of height and weight for calculation of BMI. The relationship between BMI (after adjustment for age) and dmft was determined using Poisson’s regression model. The mean of dmft in children with normal BMI was 1.5-fold that in subjects with extra body weight. Age had a significant effect on dmft. In addition, dmft was higher in boys compared to girls. The results of the present study showed that caries rate in the deciduous teeth of 3–6-year-old children decreases with an increase in body weight.

The relationship between workload and adherence to professional codes of ethics among a sample of Iranian nurses

2021 ◽  
pp. 147775092110401
Author(s):  
Mahsa Dadkhah-Tehrani ◽  
Mohsen Adib-Hajbaghery
Keyword(s):  
Personal Characteristics ◽  
Codes Of Ethics ◽  
Spearman Correlation ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Perceived Workload ◽  
Professional Codes ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Professional Codes Of Ethics ◽  
The Relationship

Background Many studies have investigated the adherence to professional codes of ethics by nurses. However, no study has explicitly examined the relationship between workload and adherence to professional codes of ethics among Iranian nurses. Objective This study aimed to explore the relationships between workload and adherence to professional codes of ethics among a sample of Iranian nurses. Materials and Methods A cross-sectional descriptive study was conducted on 213 nurses who were randomly selected from the different wards of Shahid Beheshti Hospital of Kashan, Iran. Data collection instruments included a personal characteristics questionnaire, the Nursing Ethics Questionnaire, and the National Aeronautics and Space Administration Task Load Index. The Chi-square, the Spearman correlation coefficient, the Kruskal–Wallis, and Mann–Whitney U tests were used to analyze the data. Results A majority of nurses were females (77.5%), married (79.3%), and permanently employed (55.4%). The mean of the overall perceived workload and adherence to professional codes of ethics were 76.36 ± 13.64 and 13.98 ± 2.58, that were at high and moderated level, respectively. Spearman correlation test showed no significant correlation between perceived workload and adherence to professional codes of ethics ( r = 0.03, P = 0.6). A significant difference was found between the mean scores of adherence to professional codes of ethics in nurses working in different departments ( P < 0.001). Conclusion Participating nurses perceived high levels of workload but their mean adherence to professional codes of ethics was at a moderate level. The perceived workload was indirectly correlated with adherence to professional codes of ethics.

scholarly journals BMD status of Postmenopausal Women in relation with BMI: A study with 93 cases

2016 ◽  
Vol 17 (2) ◽  
pp. 138-141
Author(s):  
Samira Sharmin ◽  
Mabubul Haque ◽  
Syedur Rahman Miah ◽  
Md Mahbub Ur Rahman ◽  
Jasmine Ara Haque ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Lumbar Spine ◽  
Femoral Neck ◽  
Postmenopausal Women ◽  
Lumbar Vertebrae ◽  
The Body ◽  
Mineral Density ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
T Score ◽  
Minimal Trauma ◽  
The Mean

Objectives: Low bone mass is a common disorder in elderly population which predisposes to fracture with minimal trauma. This study was performed to find out the association between the Body Mass Index (BMI) and Bone Mineral Density (BMD) in postmenopausal women.Materials and Methods: This cross sectional study was carried out at Institute of Nuclear Medicine and Allied Sciences Comilla and Mitford, Dhaka over a period of 12 months from January 2013 to December 2013. A total 93 postmenopausal women were enrolled for this study. All postmenopausal women underwent a BMD scan of femoral neck and lumbar vertebrae using a Dual Energy X-ray Absorptiometry (DEXA). Participants were categorized into three groups according to their age and BMI. BMD were expressed base on T-score according to WHO criteria. The relation among BMI, age and BMD were assessed.Results: The results of this study showed that the mean age of the study group was 57.13±7.49 years with range of 46 to 75 years. The most postmenopausal women were in age group 55-65years. The mean BMI of the study subjects were 24.18±5.08 kg/m2 with a range of 15.62 to 36.20 kg/m2. Among 93 subjects osteopenia was greater at lumbar spine (45.2%) with T-score mean±SD-1.83±0.33 and osteoporosis at femoral neck (51.6%) with T-score mean ±SD-3.36±-0.67. Pearson’s correlation coefficient test showed inverse relationship between age and BMD both lumbar spine (r = -0.301, p = 0.003) and femoral neck (r = -0.303, p=0.003) whereas the positive relation between BMI and BMD both at lumbar spine (r=0.338, p=0.001) and femoral neck (r =0.343, p=0.001). These showed that with advancing age, BMD decreases and the risk of osteoporosis increases and with increasing BMI, BMD increases and risk of osteoporosis decreases.Conclusion: The findings of this study portrait that aging and low BMI are risk factors associated with bone loss. So preventive measure should be taken for high risk post menopausal women.Bangladesh J. Nuclear Med. 17(2): 138-141, July 2014

scholarly journals The relationship between hopelessness and perceived social support levels of parents with children with congenital heart disease

2021 ◽  
Vol 8 (11) ◽  
pp. 655-661
Author(s):  
Tugba Nur Oden ◽  
Rahsan Cam
Keyword(s):  
Social Support ◽  
Congenital Heart Disease ◽  
Heart Disease ◽  
Congenital Heart ◽  
Perceived Social Support ◽  
Significant Negative Correlation ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
The Family ◽  
The Mean ◽  
The Relationship

Objective: This study was conducted to evaluate the relationship between hopelessness and perceived social support levels of parents with children with congenital heart disease (CHD). Material and Methods: This cross-sectional study was conducted with parents of children who underwent surgery for CHD, and data were collected from 100 parents who agreed to participate in the study. A descriptive information form for the sociodemographic characteristics of the parents, “Beck Hopelessness Scale (BHS)” and “Multidimensional Scale of Perceived Social Support (MSPSS)” were used to collect the data. Data were analysed using descriptive statistics and Spearman’s correlation tests. Results: The mean score of the hopelessness level of the parents participating in the study was 6.15±4.23, and the mean perceived general social support score was 69.55±15.47. There was a significant negative correlation between the hopelessness levels of mothers and social support (SS) received from the family, from significant others, and general SS scores. There was a significant positive correlation between the hopelessness levels of the mothers and the SS level received from the family (p<0.05). Conclusion: In this study, the parents of children with CHD have low levels of hopelessness and perceived SS levels are high. Moreover, the relationship between hopelessness and perceived SS levels varies according to the sex of the parents. In our study, the SS level of mothers had a higher effect on the hopelessness level. It is recommended that the SS levels of the parents of children with CHD should be increased to help them cope with hopelessness.

scholarly journals HUBUNGAN ANTARA ASUPAN ENERGI DENGAN STATUS GIZI MAHASISWA PROGRAM STUDI PENDIDIKAN DOKTER ANGKATAN 2013 FAKULTAS KEDOKTERAN UNIVERSITAS SAM RATULANGI

2014 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Irene Ubro
Keyword(s):  
Energy Intake ◽  
Significant Relationship ◽  
Nutrient Intake ◽  
The Body ◽  
Nutrition Status ◽  
Rank Test ◽  
P Value ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Spearman Rank ◽  
The Relationship

Abstract: Humans need a certain amount of energy in order to support the growth and activity. Energy can arise due to combustion derived from carbohydrates, fats and proteins in foods consumed by the body, therefore to have enough energy one should consume enough and balanced food.Nutritional status is a state of the body that is the final result of a balance between the nutrients into the body and its utilization. Adolescence (10-19 years) is a period that is often prone to nutritional problems, because in this period there is less and over nutrient intake. This study aims to determine the relationship between energy intake and Student’s Nutrition Status of  Faculty of Medical Education, University of Sam Ratulangi Manado Year 2013. This study was an observational analytic using cross - sectional approach. Results of statistical analysis using the Spearman rank test shows that, the value of the correlation coefficient (r) of - 0.234 on IMT and 0.077 on WHR and p value of < α = 0.05 on IMT and 0.514 > α = 0.05 on WHR. From the results it is concluded that there is a significant relationship between energy intake with BMI, while the relationship between energy intake with WHR there is no significant relationship. Keywords : Energy Intake, Nutritional Status    Abstrak: Manusia membutuhkan energi dalam jumlah tertentu guna untuk menunjang proses pertumbuhan dan melakukan aktifitas. Energi dapat timbul karena adanya pembakaran yang diperoleh dari karbohidrat, lemak dan protein dalam makanan yang di konsumsi oleh tubuh, karena itu agar energi tercukupi perlu  mengkonsumsi makanan yang cukup dan seimbang. Status gizi adalah keadaan tubuh yang merupakan hasil akhir dari keseimbangan antara zat gizi yang masuk ke dalam tubuh dan utilisasinya.Masa remaja (10-19 tahun) merupakan masa yang sering rentan terhadap masalah gizi, dikarenakan pada masa ini terjadi asupan gizi kurang dan asupan gizi lebih. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui hubungan asupan energi dengan status gizi pada mahasiswa Program Studi Pendidikan Dokter Angkatan 2013 Fakultas Kedokteran Universitas Sam Ratulangi Manado. Penelitian ini bersifat observasional analitik dengan menggunakan pendekatan cross-sectional (potong lintang). Kesimpulan: Hasil analisis statistik dengan menggunakan uji spearman rank menunjukkan bahwa, nilai koefisien korelasi (r) sebesar -0,234 pada IMT dan 0,077 pada WHR serta nilai p sebesar < α = 0,05 pada IMT dan 0,514 > α = 0,05 pada WHR. Dari hasil tersbut disimpulkan bahwa ada hubungan bermakna antara asupan energi dengan IMT sedangkan hubungan antara asupan energi dengan WHR tidak terdapat hubungan yang bermakna. Kata Kunci : Asupan Energi, Status Gizi

Influenza dei media, autostima e insoddisfazione corporea in un gruppo di preadolescenti maschi e femmine

2009 ◽  
pp. 69-84
Author(s):  
Amanda Nerini
Keyword(s):  
Body Dissatisfaction ◽  
Body Shape ◽  
Self Esteem ◽  
The Body ◽  
Thin Body ◽  
Media Influence ◽  
Thin Ideal ◽  
Sociocultural Attitudes ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Source Of Information

- The present study analyses the relation among media influence, self esteem and body dissatisfaction in a group of preadolescent boys and girls. 243 preadolescents with the mean age of 12 were involved. The group consisted of 127 boys and 116 girls. They were asked to complete the Sociocultural Attitudes Towards Appearance Questionnaire-3 (SATAQ-3; Thompson et al., 2004), the Body Shape Questionnaire (Dowson e Henderson, 2001) and the Rosenberg Self-Esteem Scale (Rosenberg, 1965). Preadolescent females reported higher levels of body dissatisfaction than preadolescent males. They also scored higher in three SATAQ-3 subscales: whether media are important source of information about being attractive, internalization of a media thin ideal and perceived media pressures to be thin. Body mass index and internalization of a thin ideal emerged as significant predictors of body dissatisfaction for both sexes. Perceived media pressures predict body dissatisfaction only among girls.Key words: media influence, self-esteem, body dissatisfaction, preadolescenceParole chiave: influenza dei media, autostima, insoddisfazione corporea, preadolescenza.

IS DISTRIBUTION OF PAIN RELATED WITH CENTRAL SENSITIZATION IN PATIENTS WITH LOWER LIMB OSTEOARTHRITIS?

2021 ◽  
pp. 2150019
Author(s):  
Andriana Koufogianni ◽  
Asimakis K. Kanellopoulos ◽  
Konstantinos Vassis ◽  
Ioannis A. Poulis
Keyword(s):  
Lower Limb ◽  
Central Sensitization ◽  
Rating Scale ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
The Body ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Numeric Pain Rating Scale ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Pain Distribution

Design: Cross-sectional study. Background: Osteoarthritis is one of the most common conditions in our society. A growing number of studies suggest the existence of central sensitization (CS) in a subgroup of osteoarthritic patients. One of the criteria included for the classification of CS pain is the expanded distribution of pain. As this criterion is a well-recognized sign of CS, a digital pain drawing (DPD) analysis would be useful to easily identify possible extended areas of pain distribution (PD) in patients with OA. Objective: To study the relationship between the percentage of distribution of pain in the lower limb for both knee and hip, in patients before hip or knee arthroplasty, and the Central Sensitization Inventory Questionnaire. Methods: Twenty women (mean [Formula: see text] years) with diagnosed chronic (over 3 months) knee ([Formula: see text]) and hip ([Formula: see text]) OA participated in the study, with intensity of pain from mild to severe, meaning pain [Formula: see text]/10 using the Numeric Pain Rating Scale (NPRS). The PD was analyzed via software created for this research, called “Pain Distribution Application”. Results: A statistically significant positive correlation between CSI and PD to the lower extremity OA (hip and knee) ([Formula: see text], [Formula: see text]) was found. The distribution of pain has a linear correlation with the results in CSI, of patients who tested positive for CS, i.e. with a score of [Formula: see text]. Conclusions: As the distribution of pain on the surface of the body (diffusion) increases, so does the score of people who test positive for CSI. Our results showed that calculating the distribution of pain with our application may have a utility as a CS screening tool. The PD threshold of 10% of the body area is an index for CS for chronic pain lower limb OA patients.

The Vertical Mean Force and Moment of Submerged Bodies Under Waves

1971 ◽  
Vol 15 (03) ◽  
pp. 231-245 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. M. Lee ◽  
J. N. Newman
Keyword(s):  
Free Surface ◽  
Added Mass ◽  
Cross Sectional Area ◽  
The Body ◽  
Slender Body ◽  
Longitudinal Distribution ◽  
Vertical Force ◽  
Sectional Area ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
The Mean

A neutrally buoyant slender body of arbitrary sectional form, submerged beneath a free surface, is free to respond to an incident plane progressive wave system. The fluid is assumed inviscid, incompressible, homogeneous and infinitely deep. The first-order oscillatory motion of the body and the second-order time-average vertical force and pitching moment acting on the body are obtained in terms of Kochin's function. By use of slender-body theory for a deeply submerged body, the final expressions for the mean force and the moment are shown to depend on the longitudinal distribution of sectional area and added mass and on the amplitude and the frequency of the ambient surface waves. The magnitude of the mean force for various simple geometric cylinders is compared with that of a circular cylinder of equal cross-sectional area. The mean force on a nonaxisymmetric body is often approximated by replacing the section with circular profiles of equivalent cross-sectional area. A better scheme of approximation is presented, based on a simple way of estimating the two-dimensional added mass. It is expected that the effect of the cross-sectional geometry on mean vertical force and moment will be more significant when the body is very close to the free surface.

scholarly journals Red meat and egg intake and serum ferritin concentrations in Colombian children: results of a population survey, ENSIN-2015

2020 ◽  
Vol 9 ◽  
Author(s):  
Oscar F. Herran ◽  
Jhael N. Bermúdez ◽  
María Del Pilar Zea
Keyword(s):  
Serum Ferritin ◽  
Serum Ferritin Level ◽  
Ferritin Level ◽  
Red Meat ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Egg Consumption ◽  
Dietary Consumption ◽  
The Mean ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Meat And Eggs

Abstract The present study aimed to (a) establish the frequency of consumption of red meat and eggs; (b) determine serum ferritin levels (μg/l); and (c) establish the relationship between serum ferritin and the consumption of red meat and eggs. In Colombia during 2014–2018, an analytical study was conducted in 13 243 Colombian children between the ages of 5 and 17 years, based on cross-sectional data compiled by ENSIN-2015 (Encuesta Nacional de la Situación Nutricional en Colombia-2015) on serum ferritin levels and dietary consumption based on a questionnaire of the frequency of consumption. Using simple and multiple linear regression, with the serum ferritin level as the dependent variable and the frequency of consumption as the main explanatory variable, the crude and adjusted partial regression coefficients (β) between serum ferritin levels and consumption were calculated. The frequency of habitual consumption of red meat was 0⋅49 (95 % CI 0⋅47, 0⋅51) times/d. The frequency of habitual egg consumption was 0⋅76 (95 % CI 0⋅74, 0⋅78) times per d. The mean serum ferritin level in men was 41⋅9 (95 % CI 40⋅6, 43⋅1) μg/l and in women, 35⋅7 (95 % CI 34⋅3, 37⋅7) μg/l (P < 0⋅0001). The adjusted β between the consumption of red meat and eggs and serum ferritin levels were β = 3⋅0 (95 % CI 1⋅2, 4⋅7) and β = 2⋅5 (95 % CI 1⋅0, 3⋅9) for red meat and eggs, respectively. In conclusion, red meat and eggs are determinants of serum ferritin levels in Colombia and, therefore, could be considered public policy options to reduce anaemia and Fe deficiency.

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