Skilled Interaction: Concepts of Communication and Player Management in the Development of Sport Officials

2014 ◽  
Vol 7 (2) ◽  
pp. 166-187 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ian Cunningham ◽  
Peter Simmons ◽  
Duncan Mascarenhas ◽  
Steve Redhead
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Physical Performance ◽  
Impression Management ◽  
Communication Skills ◽  
Interactive Communication ◽  
Personal Qualities ◽  
Sport Official ◽  
And Training ◽  
Practical Recommendations

Communication and player management are integral to effective sport officiating, but most research has focused on physical performance and decision making. The few previous studies of officiating communication tended to use “transmission” conceptualizations of communication (e.g., decision communication, impression management). Eleven officiating-development managers and coaches from 7 peak Australian sport bodies were interviewed to explore conceptualizations of communication and player management, the way officials improve, and the role of the sport bodies in improvement. Four salient themes emerged in conceptualizations of effective officiating communication and player management: personal qualities of the official, 1-way-communication direction giving and impression management, situation monitoring (interpreting player and context), and skilled interaction (adapting communication appropriately for context). The findings highlight a mismatch between (a) interpretive and interactive communication skills perceived to be most important and challenging and (b) the training that is currently provided to officials. There was general commonality in practice and training issues across sport codes. The article makes theoretical contributions to the study of sport-official communication and practical recommendations for improving approaches to training skilled communication and player management.

scholarly journals Two Training-Load Paradoxes: Can We Work Harder and Smarter, Can Physical Preparation and Medical Be Teammates?

2017 ◽  
Vol 12 (s2) ◽  
pp. S2-50-S2-54 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tim J. Gabbett ◽  
Rod Whiteley
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Injury Risk ◽  
Early Stage ◽  
Support Staff ◽  
Training Load ◽  
Shared Decision ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
And Training ◽  
Physical Preparation

The authors have observed that in professional sporting organizations the staff responsible for physical preparation and medical care typically practice in relative isolation and display tension as regards their attitudes toward training-load prescription (much more and much less training, respectively). Recent evidence shows that relatively high chronic training loads, when they are appropriately reached, are associated with reduced injury risk and better performance. Understanding this link between performance and training loads removes this tension but requires a better understanding of the relationship between the acute:chronic workload ratio (ACWR) and its association with performance and injury. However, there remain many questions in the area of ACWR, and we are likely at an early stage of our understanding of these parameters and their interrelationships. This opinion paper explores these themes and makes recommendations for improving performance through better synergies in support-staff approaches. Furthermore, aspects of the ACWR that remain to be clarified—the role of shared decision making, risk:benefit estimation, and clearer accountability—are discussed.

Behavioural Marital Therapy: An Overview

1989 ◽  
Vol 6 (3-4) ◽  
pp. 112-123 ◽  
Author(s):  
Brett C. Behrens ◽  
W. Kim Halford ◽  
Matthew R. Sanders
Keyword(s):  
Communication Skills ◽  
Social Exchange ◽  
Marital Therapy ◽  
Therapeutic Change ◽  
Learning Theories ◽  
Marital Interaction ◽  
Situational Variables ◽  
Recent Developments ◽  
And Training

Behavioural marital therapy (BMT) has developed from the application of social exchange and social learning theories to the understanding and modification of marital interaction. Encouraging high rates of exchange of positive behaviours, and training in communication skills, have been the major focuses of BMT till recently. While these strategies produce therapeutic change, there are still many couples whose marriages do not improve with this sort of therapy. Recent developments have focused on the role of cognitive, affective and situational variables in marital interaction. Outcome research has shown the value of cognitive and affective interventions in their own right, but it is unclear if the addition of these interventions will enhance the efficacy of BMT.

scholarly journals Maintaining the Role of Humans in the Forecast Process: Analyzing the Psyche of Expert Forecasters

2007 ◽  
Vol 88 (12) ◽  
pp. 1893-1898 ◽  
Author(s):  
Neil A. Stuart ◽  
David M. Schultz ◽  
Gary Klein
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Information Technology ◽  
Weather Forecasting ◽  
Time Constraints ◽  
Learning Gap ◽  
Weather Forecasters ◽  
The Future ◽  
Mental Modeling ◽  
And Training

The Second Forum on the Future Role of the Human in the Forecast Process occurred on 2–3 August 2005 at the American Meteorological Society's Weather Analysis and Forecasting Conference in Washington, D.C. The forum consisted of three sessions. This paper discusses the second session, featuring three presentations on the cognitive and psychological aspects of expert weather forecasters. The first presentation discussed the learning gap between students (goal seekers) and teachers (knowledge seekers)—a similar gap exists between forecasters and researchers. In order to most effectively train students or forecasters, teachers must be able to teach across this gap using some methods described within. The second presentation discussed the heuristics involved in weather forecasting and decision making under time constraints and uncertainty. The final presentation classified the spectrum of forecasters from intuitive scientists to the disengaged. How information technology can best be adapted so as not to inhibit intuitive scientists from their mental modeling of weather scenarios is described. Forecasters must continuously refine their skills through education and training, and be aware of the heuristic contributions to the forecast process, to maintain expertise and have the best chance of ensuring a dynamic role in the future forecast process.

scholarly journals PERAN KEPEMIMPINAN DALAM MENINGKATKAN KINERJA APARATUR SIPIL NEGARA PADA BADAN PENDIDIKAN DAN PELATIHAN KABUPATEN KUTAI TIMUR

2017 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
pp. 22
Author(s):  
Teresia Rani Pabetta
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Education And Training ◽  
The Body ◽  
Leadership Role ◽  
Board Of Education ◽  
Overall Performance ◽  
And Training

The main focus of the research includes a leadership role in improving the performance of the Civil Apparatus in Education and Training Body Kutai Timur Regency. Based on the results of the study showed that the three functions of leadership are functions that are interpersonal, role of informational, as well as the role of decision-making in general is already done by the Board of Education and Training of the Middle Kutai Regency, is indicated from various programs and activities already performed and the achievements of employees in realizing all rights and their functions in the body, so it is also an impact on improving the overall performance of the institution .

scholarly journals The role of transcendental reflection in realization of the power of judgment

2020 ◽  
pp. 31-43
Author(s):  
Valentin Valentinovich Balanovskii
Keyword(s):  
Artificial Intelligence ◽  
Decision Making ◽  
Professional Activity ◽  
Sociology Of Law ◽  
Judicial Proceedings ◽  
Overall Efficiency ◽  
Reflective Power ◽  
Practical Recommendations ◽  
Artificial Intelligence Systems

This article analyzes the peculiarities of functionality of transcendental reflection among judges in the context of realization of the power of judgment. An attempt is made to answer the questions on how the judges exercise their power of judgment in decision-making, problems they are facing and ways for their solution. Attention is focused on the peculiarities of ensuring unity of self-consciousness of the judge in carrying out professional activity, as well as on the flaws of the determining and reflective power of judgment, which serve as the grounds for vacation of decisions of the courts of primary jurisdiction through appellation. The author also reviews the prospects for the implementation of artificial intelligence systems into judicial proceedings in light of the questions raised in the article. This work leans on the results of research conducted in 2019–2020 at the intersection of theoretical philosophy, philosophy and sociology of law, theory of state and law. Within the framework of this study, the question of decision-making by judges is viewed through the prism of philosophical system of I. Kant, namely through his concept of the power of judgment. The research is carried out in three directions: transcendental, formal-legal, and sociological. The results consist in formulation of practical recommendations that would improve the effectiveness of realization of the power of judgment, and thus the overall efficiency of judicial proceedings in Russia.

SOCIAL LEARNING IN THE CHILDHOOD: INFLUENCE OF THE FAMILY AND ELECTRONIC MEDIA

2020 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 86-90
Author(s):  
Radoslav Penev ◽  
◽  
Luboslava Peneva ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Social Learning ◽  
Communication Skills ◽  
High Probability ◽  
Electronic Media ◽  
Preschool Age ◽  
Leading Role ◽  
The Family ◽  
Patterns Of Behavior ◽  
Personal Qualities

Social learning in childhood is realized under the influence of many factors, among which is the leading role of the family. The specifics of the article present results, analytical characteristics and conclusions related to the role of electronic media for the production of prosocial and (or) aggressive behavior in preschool childhood, through the orientations of parents to the negative personal qualities built under their influence. The conclusions reflect the adequate perception of the parents about the negative patterns of behavior and the stereotypes planted by the electronic media. Respondents are of the opinion that their children are not attracted to programs and characters from the electronic media because of the conflicts and aggression. At the same time, the answers do not show that children are attracted by their positive antipodes – tolerance, good manners, communication skills. This means that the family underestimates the „attack“ of the electronic media in preschool age and there is a high probability that the family compensatory will be doomed in the following age periods.

scholarly journals Carbohydrate Availability and Physical Performance: Physiological Overview and Practical Recommendations

Nutrients ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (5) ◽  
pp. 1084 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fernando Mata ◽  
Pedro L. Valenzuela ◽  
Jaume Gimenez ◽  
Carles Tur ◽  
Diogo Ferreria ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Resistance Training ◽  
Physical Performance ◽  
Sport Performance ◽  
Limiting Factor ◽  
Energy Substrate ◽  
Negative Results ◽  
Exercise Induced ◽  
The One ◽  
Practical Recommendations

Strong evidence during the last few decades has highlighted the importance of nutrition for sport performance, the role of carbohydrates (CHO) being of special interest. Glycogen is currently not only considered an energy substrate but also a regulator of the signaling pathways that regulate exercise-induced adaptations. Thus, low or high CHO availabilities can result in both beneficial or negative results depending on the purpose. On the one hand, the depletion of glycogen levels is a limiting factor of performance during sessions in which high exercise intensities are required; therefore ensuring a high CHO availability before and during exercise is of major importance. A high CHO availability has also been positively related to the exercise-induced adaptations to resistance training. By contrast, a low CHO availability seems to promote endurance-exercise-induced adaptations such as mitochondrial biogenesis and enhanced lipolysis. In the present narrative review, we aim to provide a holistic overview of how CHO availability impacts physical performance as well as to provide practical recommendations on how training and nutrition might be combined to maximize performance. Attending to the existing evidence, no universal recommendations regarding CHO intake can be given to athletes as nutrition should be periodized according to training loads and objectives.

scholarly journals CSR for emergencies: The two concepts of accountability

2020 ◽  
Vol 18 (1) ◽  
pp. 78-95
Author(s):  
Christian Rainero ◽  
Giuseppe Modarelli
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Impression Management ◽  
Communication Theory ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Field Analysis ◽  
Situational Crisis Communication Theory ◽  
External Point ◽  
Dual Perspective ◽  
Perception Analysis

This work tries to highlight the determinant role of CSR during periods characterized by non-linearity and to produce insights for further research on a dual perspective: 1) companies’ decision-making on CSR implementation and promotional tool preference; 2) consumers’ purchasing/consuming decision-making. So, the interrelated perspective, under the influencing contextual variable of the recent COVID-19 pandemic, would show a crucial role of CSR as an anti-crisis solution. The domain-based review, the direct observation mixed with field analysis survey-based on a sample of 208 respondents made possible the hermeneutical and inference activity on results according to the Situational Crisis Communication Theory and Goffman’s view on the art of impression management, mixed with a persuasive approach characterizing advertising. The perception analysis, not directly operated ethnographically with companies, allowed to investigate CSR from different angles, permits the researchers to observe the exponential rise of advertising campaigns with a social scope and CSR promotional activities in accordance with the emergence of the two intrinsic concepts of accountability from an external point of view.

Professional Judgment and Decision Making: The Role of Intention for Impact

2005 ◽  
Vol 19 (3) ◽  
pp. 303-317 ◽  
Author(s):  
Amanda Martindale ◽  
Dave Collins
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Reflective Practice ◽  
Professional Autonomy ◽  
Judgment And Decision Making ◽  
Professional Judgment ◽  
Future Directions ◽  
Decision Making Processes ◽  
Clinical And Counseling Psychology ◽  
And Training

The field of applied sport psychology has recognized the growing consensus that professional autonomy and discretion brings with it the need to train, regulate, and evaluate practice (Evetts, 2001). However, research into how practitioners’ professional judgment is formed and the decision-making processes involved has not received concurrent attention. This paper illustrates some of the possible outcomes and implications for applied sport psychologists from consideration of Professional Judgment and Decision Making (PJDM) research in other fields such as medicine and teaching and in parallel disciplines such as clinical and counseling psychology. Investigation into the nature of decision content and how the crucial “intention for impact” (Hill, 1992) is formulated carries implications for the assessment, reflective practice, and professional development and training of applied sport psychologists. Future directions in PJDM research are suggested and a call is made for practitioners to be open to involvement in research of this nature.

Perceptual-Cognitive Skills in Offside Decision Making: Expertise and Training Effects

2010 ◽  
Vol 32 (6) ◽  
pp. 828-844 ◽  
Author(s):  
Peter Catteeuw ◽  
Bart Gilis ◽  
Johan Wagemans ◽  
Werner Helsen
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Training Program ◽  
Cognitive Training ◽  
Cognitive Skills ◽  
Recognition Task ◽  
Decision Making Process ◽  
Lag Effect ◽  
Substantial Progress ◽  
And Training

This two-experiment study aims to investigate the role of expertise in offside decision making (Experiment 1) and the effect of perceptual-cognitive training (Experiment 2). In Experiment 1, a video-based offside decision-making task followed by a frame recognition task demonstrated a bias toward flag errors and a forward memory shift for less-successful elite-standard assistant referees that is in line with the predictions from the flash-lag effect. In Experiment 2, an offside decision-making training program demonstrated a substantial progress from pre- to posttest for response accuracy, but not for accuracy of memory in the frame recognition task. In both experiments, no differences were found for visual scan patterns. First, these results suggest that less-successful elite-standard assistant referees are more affected by the flash-lag effect. Second, an off-field perceptual-cognitive training program can help assistant referees to deal with the perceptual consequences of the flash-lag illusion and to readjust their decision-making process accordingly.

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