Increased Myostatin Synthesis in Rat Gastrocnemius Muscles under High-Protein Diet

2006 ◽  
Vol 16 (2) ◽  
pp. 153-165 ◽  
Author(s):  
Koichi Nakazato ◽  
Tatsuro Hirose ◽  
Hongsun Song
Keyword(s):  
Muscle Hypertrophy ◽  
Gastrocnemius Muscle ◽  
Control Diet ◽  
High Protein Diet ◽  
High Protein ◽  
Protein Diet ◽  
Protein Levels ◽  
Male Wistar Rats ◽  
Experimental Feeding ◽  
Gastrocnemius Muscles

More than 15% dietary protein has reportedly not led to significant muscle hypertrophy in normal growing rats. The aim of this study was to test whether a high protein (HP) diet affects myostatin (Mstn) synthesis in a rat gastrocnemius muscle. Twenty-four male Wistar rats (4-wk-old) were divided into three groups: 1) control diet (15% protein; 15P, n = 8), 2) the 25P group (25% protein, n = 8), and 3) the 35P group (35% protein, n = 8). After 3 wk of isoenergetic feedings, the Mstn level in skeletal muscles was determined using Northern and Western blotting analysis. After the experimental feeding, muscle masses were similar among groups. The 35P showed significant high expressions of Mstn both at mRNA and protein levels. Obtained results suggest that a high-protein diet leads to the high Mstn level to restrict muscle hypertrophy.

Digestion by sheep of concentrate diets containing formaldehyde-treated peanut meal

1972 ◽  
Vol 23 (5) ◽  
pp. 859 ◽  
Author(s):  
GJ Faichney
Keyword(s):  
Organic Matter ◽  
Peanut Meal ◽  
High Protein Diet ◽  
High Protein ◽  
Protein Diet ◽  
Plasma Urea ◽  
Protein Levels ◽  
Low Protein ◽  
Formaldehyde Treatment ◽  
Protein Diets

The effect of formaldehyde treatment of peanut meal on the digestion of barley-peanut meal diets was studied in fistulated crossbred sheep at two peanut meal and therefore dietary protein levels. There were no differences either between protein levels or due to treatment in the overall digestion of organic matter, but more of this digestion took place in the stomach when the low protein diets were given. Dietary starch was completely digested. There was no effect of protein level or of formaldehyde treatment on the partition of starch digestion between the stomach and the intestines. About 10% of the dietary nitrogen disappeared from the stomach when the high protein diet containing untreated peanut meal was given; treatment resulted in a small net gain of nitrogen in the stomach. There was a net gain of nitrogen in the stomach when the low protein diets were given, the gain tending to be greater when the peanut meal was treated. When the meal was treated, there was a small but not significant increase (c. 2%) for the low protein diet and a substantial increase (c. 31 %) for the high protein diet in the amount of crude protein digested in the intestines per unit of digestible organic matter intake. Changes observed in the composition and flow of digesta and in plasma urea and cc-amino nitrogen levels are discussed in relation to the digestion of organic matter and protein.

scholarly journals An isoenergetic high-protein, moderate-fat diet does not compromise strength and fatigue during resistance exercise in women

2008 ◽  
Vol 100 (2) ◽  
pp. 283-286 ◽  
Author(s):  
Konstantina Dipla ◽  
Maria Makri ◽  
Andreas Zafeiridis ◽  
Dimitrios Soulas ◽  
Sofia Tsalouhidou ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Resistance Exercise ◽  
Lower Limb ◽  
High Intensity ◽  
Handgrip Strength ◽  
Control Diet ◽  
High Protein Diet ◽  
High Protein ◽  
Lower Limbs ◽  
Protein Diet ◽  
Isometric Handgrip

Resistance exercise is recommended to individuals following high-protein diets in order to augment changes in body composition. However, alterations in macronutrient composition may compromise physical performance. The present study investigated the effects of an isoenergetic high-protein diet on upper and lower limb strength and fatigue during high-intensity resistance exercise. Ten recreationally active women, aged 25–40 years, followed a control diet (55, 15 and 30 % of energy from carbohydrate, protein and fat, respectively) and a high-protein diet (respective values, 30, 40 and 30) for 7 d each in a random counterbalanced design. Each participant underwent strength testing of upper limb (isometric handgrip strength and endurance) and lower limb (four sets of sixteen maximal knee flexions and extensions on an isokinetic dynamometer) before and after applying each diet. Body weight, body fat and RER were significantly reduced following the high-protein diet (P < 0·05). No differences were found between diets in any of the strength performance parameters (handgrip strength, handgrip endurance, peak torque, total work and fatigue) or the responses of heart rate, systolic and diastolic arterial pressure, blood lactate and blood glucose to exercise. Women on a short-term isoenergetic high-protein, moderate-fat diet maintained muscular strength and endurance of upper and lower limbs during high-intensity resistance exercise without experiencing fatigue earlier compared with a control diet.

scholarly journals Adaptation to a high-protein diet progressively increases the postprandial accumulation of carbon skeletons from dietary amino acids in rats

2016 ◽  
Vol 311 (4) ◽  
pp. R771-R778 ◽  
Author(s):  
Magdalena Stepien ◽  
Dalila Azzout-Marniche ◽  
Patrick C. Even ◽  
Nadezda Khodorova ◽  
Gilles Fromentin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Wistar Rats ◽  
High Protein Diet ◽  
High Protein ◽  
Protein Diet ◽  
Metabolic Fate ◽  
Postprandial Period ◽  
Dietary Amino Acids ◽  
Male Wistar Rats ◽  
Normal Protein Diet ◽  
Meal Ingestion

We aimed to determine whether oxidative pathways adapt to the overproduction of carbon skeletons resulting from the progressive activation of amino acid (AA) deamination and ureagenesis under a high-protein (HP) diet. Ninety-four male Wistar rats, of which 54 were implanted with a permanent jugular catheter, were fed a normal protein diet for 1 wk and were then switched to an HP diet for 1, 3, 6, or 14 days. On the experimental day, they were given their meal containing a mixture of 20 U-[15N]-[13C] AA, whose metabolic fate was followed for 4 h. Gastric emptying tended to be slower during the first 3 days of adaptation. 15N excretion in urine increased progressively during the first 6 days, reaching 29% of ingested protein. 13CO2 excretion was maximal, as early as the first day, and represented only 16% of the ingested proteins. Consequently, the amount of carbon skeletons remaining in the metabolic pools 4 h after the meal ingestion progressively increased to 42% of the deaminated dietary AA after 6 days of HP diet. In contrast, 13C enrichment of plasma glucose tended to increase from 1 to 14 days of the HP diet. We conclude that there is no oxidative adaptation in the early postprandial period to an excess of carbon skeletons resulting from AA deamination in HP diets. This leads to an increase in the postprandial accumulation of carbon skeletons throughout the adaptation to an HP diet, which can contribute to the sustainable satiating effect of this diet.

Effect of a high protein diet on worm recovery, growth and distribution of Echinostoma caproni in ICR mice

1997 ◽  
Vol 71 (4) ◽  
pp. 351-354 ◽  
Author(s):  
J.E. Sudati ◽  
F. Rivas ◽  
B. Fried
Keyword(s):  
Control Diet ◽  
High Protein Diet ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
High Protein ◽  
Protein Diet ◽  
Echinostoma Caproni ◽  
Icr Mice ◽  
Parasite Relationship ◽  
Standard Laboratory Diet ◽  
Relationship Of

AbstractThe effects of a high protein diet on the host-parasite relationship of Echinostoma caproni in ICR mice were studied. The customized high protein diet (CHPD) contained 64% casein as a source of protein. The control diet consisted of a standard laboratory diet containing 23% casein as a source of protein. Mice were each fed 25 cysts of E. caproni by stomach tube and necropsied 2, 3, 4 and 5 weeks postinfection. The weight of mice on the CHPD did not differ significantly from mice on the control diet. Worm recoveries were also unaffected by the high protein diet. There was a significant decline in worm dry weight, body area and uterine egg counts in worms from mice on the CHPD compared with those on the control diet. Worms from hosts on the CHPD were located more posteriad in the gut than those recovered from mice on the control diet. Changes in the mouse diet adversely affected E. caproni maturation and growth, possibly by altering the immediate host mucosal environment and making it less conducive to worm development.

scholarly journals Fermented Feed Supplement Relieves Caecal Microbiota Dysbiosis and Kidney Injury Caused by High-Protein Diet in the Development of Gosling Gout

Animals ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (11) ◽  
pp. 2139
Author(s):  
Yumeng Xi ◽  
Yuanpi Huang ◽  
Ying Li ◽  
Junshu Yan ◽  
Zhendan Shi
Keyword(s):  
Dietary Protein ◽  
Kidney Injury ◽  
High Protein Diet ◽  
High Protein ◽  
Protein Diet ◽  
Feed Supplement ◽  
Protein Levels ◽  
Fermented Feed ◽  
High Protein Diets ◽  
Protein Diets

Firstly, forty-eight 1-day-old goslings were randomly allocated to four groups and were fed diets containing crude protein (CP) at different concentrations: 160, 180, 200, and 220 g/kg in Experiment One. We found a dose-dependent relationship between the dietary protein levels and morbidity of gosling gout. The concentration of serum uric acid (UA), creatinine (Cr), and urea nitrogen (UN), and the activity of xanthine oxidase in the 220CP groups were significantly higher than those in the low-protein diet groups. Beneficial microbes, including Akkermansia, Lactococcus, and Butyricicoccus were enriched in the ceca of healthy goslings, while the microbes Enterococcus, Enterobacteriaceae, and Bacteroides were enriched in those with gout. Then, we explored the effects of fermented feed on gosling gout caused by high-protein diets in Experiment Two. A total of 720 1-day-old goslings were randomly allotted to four experimental groups: CN (162.9 g/kg CP), CNF (167.5 g/kg CP, replacing 50 g/kg of the basal diet with fermented feed), HP (229.7 g/kg CP, a high-protein diet), and HPF (230.7 g/kg CP, replacing 50 g/kg of the high-protein diet with fermented feed). We found that the cumulative incidence of gout increased in the HP group compared with that in the control, but decreased in the HPF group compared to that in the HP group. Similarly, the concentration of serum UA in the HP group was higher than that in the CN group, but decreased in the HPF group. Meanwhile, compared with the HP group, using fermented feed in diets decreased the abundance of Enterococcus in the ceca of goslings, while increasing the abundance of Lactobacillus. These results suggest that appropriate dietary protein levels and the fermented feed supplement might relieve the kidney injury and gut microbiota dysbiosis caused by high-protein diets in the development of gosling gout.

scholarly journals Effect of Dietary Protein Levels on Dynamic Changes and Interactions of Ruminal Microbiota and Metabolites in Yaks on the Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
Author(s):  
XiaoLing Zhang ◽  
TianWei Xu ◽  
XunGang Wang ◽  
YuanYue Geng ◽  
Na Zhao ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Dietary Protein ◽  
High Protein Diet ◽  
Enrichment Analysis ◽  
High Protein ◽  
Protein Diet ◽  
Low Protein Diet ◽  
Rrna Gene ◽  
Protein Levels ◽  
Low Protein ◽  
Ruminal Microbiota

To improve performance and optimize rumen function in yaks (Bos grunniens), further knowledge on the appropriate dietary protein levels for ruminal microbiota and the metabolite profiles of yaks in feedlot feeding is necessary. Current understanding of dietary protein requirements, ruminal microbiota, and metabolites is limited. In this study, yaks were fed a low-protein diet (L; 9.64%), middle low-protein diet (ML; 11.25%), middle high-protein diet (MH; 12.48%), or a high-protein diet (H; 13.87%), and the effects of those diets on changes and interactions in ruminal microbiota and metabolites were investigated. Twenty-four female yaks were selected, and the effects on ruminal microbiota and metabolites were investigated using 16s rRNA gene sequencing and gas chromatography time-of-flight/mass spectrometry (GC-TOF/MS). Diets containing different protein levels changed the composition of the rumen bacterial community, the H group significantly reduced the diversity of ruminal microbiota (p &lt; 0.05), and the number of shared amplicon sequence variants (ASVs) between the H group and the other three groups was lower, suggesting that the ruminal microbiota community fluctuated more with a high-protein diet. In rumen, Bacteroidetes, Firmicutes, and Proteobacteria were the most abundant bacteria at the phylum level, and Bacteroidetes was significantly less abundant in the MH group than in the L and ML groups (p &lt; 0.05). Prevotella_1, Rikenellaceae_RC9_gut_group, and Christensenellaceae_R-7_group had the highest abundance at the genus level. Prevotellaceae was enriched in the low-protein groups, whereas Bacteroidales_BS11_gut_group was enriched in the high-protein groups. Rumen metabolite concentrations and metabolic patterns were altered by dietary protein levels: organic acid metabolites, antioxidant-related metabolites, and some plant-derived metabolites showed variation between the groups. Enrichment analysis revealed that significant changes were concentrated in six pathways, including the citrate cycle (TCA cycle), glyoxylate and dicarboxylate metabolism, and butanoate metabolism. Network analysis showed promotion or restraint relationships between different rumen microbiota and metabolites. Overall, the rumen function was higher in the MH group. This study provides a reference for appropriate dietary protein levels and improves understanding of rumen microbes and metabolites.

Plasma cholecystokinin and pancreatic growth during adaptation to dietary protein

1986 ◽  
Vol 251 (1) ◽  
pp. G70-G74 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. M. Green ◽  
V. H. Levan ◽  
R. A. Liddle
Keyword(s):  
Food Intake ◽  
Control Diet ◽  
High Protein Diet ◽  
High Protein ◽  
Protein Diet ◽  
Pancreatic Acini ◽  
Pancreatic Growth ◽  
Low Protein ◽  
Plasma Cholecystokinin ◽  
Pancreatic Protease

The relationship among plasma cholecystokinin (CCK), pancreatic growth, and food intake was studied in rats over a 2-wk period of adaptation from a very low-protein to a very high-protein diet. Rats adapted to a control diet (5% casein) were killed at 0900 (without fasting) at 0 h, 12 h, 24 h, 48 h, 7 days, or 14 days after transfer to a high-protein diet (75% casein). CCK was measured by bioassay using isolated pancreatic acini. Plasma CCK in high protein-fed rats was increased approximately threefold in the first 24 h, but returned to control (approximately 2.5 pM) values by day 7. Pancreatic weight, DNA, protein, and chymotrypsin(ogen) significantly increased to maximal values by day 7 in high protein-fed rats. Food intake in high protein-fed rats was inhibited by 47% after 24 h but returned to control values by day 7. The results indicate that high-protein diets initially increase CCK release and increase pancreatic protease secretory capacity and that, when pancreatic protease secretion is sufficient to match protein digestive requirements, the stimulus for CCK secretion is reduced and plasma CCK returns to normal. The pronounced but transient inhibition of food intake in high protein-fed rats is consistent with a role for CCK in regulation of food intake.

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