Effects of Antioxidant Supplementation on Exercise Performance in Acute Normobaric Hypoxia

2014 ◽  
Vol 24 (2) ◽  
pp. 227-235 ◽  
Author(s):  
Christian Mariacher ◽  
Hannes Gatterer ◽  
Joachim Greilberger ◽  
Radoslav Djukic ◽  
Michaela Greilberger ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Aerobic Exercise ◽  
Exercise Performance ◽  
Beta Carotene ◽  
Cycling Performance ◽  
Normobaric Hypoxia ◽  
Alpha Tocopherol ◽  
Maximal Heart Rate ◽  
Exercise Tests ◽  
Double Blind ◽  
Concentrate Supplementation

Background/Objectives:To compare the effects of a 3-week supplementation between two different mixtures of antioxidants and placebo on aerobic exercise performance in acute normobaric hypoxia.Subjects/Methods:Seventeen subjects were randomly assigned in a double-blind fashion to receive a broad-based antioxidants supplement containing beta-carotene, ascorbic acid, d-alpha-tocopherol-succinate, N-acetylcysteine, riboflavin, zinc, and selenium (antioxidant capsule group [AO group]), or a combination of alpha-ketoglutaric acid (α-KG) and 5-hydroxymethylfurfural (5-HMF; CYL concentrate supplementation group [CS group]), or placebo (PL group). Before and after supplementation, subjects performed two incremental cycle-exercise tests until exhaustion. The first test was conducted under normoxic conditions (LA, FiO2 of 20.9%, ~547 m) and the second after the 3-week supplementation period under normobaric hypoxic conditions (AHA, FiO2 of 12.9%, ~4300m).Results:In CS peak cycling performance (peak power) declined from LA to AHA 7.3% (90% CI: 2.2–12.4) less compared with PL (p = .04) and 6.7% (90%CI: 3.2–10.2) less compared with AO (p = .03). Better maintenance of aerobic exercise capacity in CS was associated with an attenuated reduction in maximal heart rate in hypoxia.Conclusions:Aerobic exercise performance was less impaired in acute normobaric hypoxia after 3 weeks with supplementation of α-KG and 5-HMF compared with a broad-based antioxidants supplement or PL.

Ischemic preconditioning of the muscle improves maximal exercise performance but not maximal oxygen uptake in humans

2011 ◽  
Vol 111 (2) ◽  
pp. 530-536 ◽  
Author(s):  
Antonio Crisafulli ◽  
Flavio Tangianu ◽  
Filippo Tocco ◽  
Alberto Concu ◽  
Ombretta Mameli ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Oxygen Uptake ◽  
Ischemic Preconditioning ◽  
Exercise Performance ◽  
Cell Injury ◽  
Maximal Exercise ◽  
Pulmonary Ventilation ◽  
Anaerobic Capacity ◽  
Maximal Heart Rate ◽  
Exercise Tests ◽  
Maximal Power Output

Brief episodes of nonlethal ischemia, commonly known as “ischemic preconditioning” (IP), are protective against cell injury induced by infarction. Moreover, muscle IP has been found capable of improving exercise performance. The aim of the study was the comparison of standard exercise performances carried out in normal conditions with those carried out following IP, achieved by brief muscle ischemia at rest (RIP) and after exercise (EIP). Seventeen physically active, healthy male subjects performed three incremental, randomly assigned maximal exercise tests on a cycle ergometer up to exhaustion. One was the reference (REF) test, whereas the others were performed after the RIP and EIP sessions. Total exercise time (TET), total work (TW), and maximal power output (Wmax), oxygen uptake (VO2max), and pulmonary ventilation (VEmax) were assessed. Furthermore, impedance cardiography was used to measure maximal heart rate (HRmax), stroke volume (SVmax), and cardiac output (COmax). A subgroup of volunteers ( n = 10) performed all-out tests to assess their anaerobic capacity. We found that both RIP and EIP protocols increased in a similar fashion TET, TW, Wmax, VEmax, and HRmax with respect to the REF test. In particular, Wmax increased by ∼4% in both preconditioning procedures. However, preconditioning sessions failed to increase traditionally measured variables such as VO2max, SVmax, COmax, and anaerobic capacity. It was concluded that muscle IP improves performance without any difference between RIP and EIP procedures. The mechanism of this effect could be related to changes in fatigue perception.

The Effect of Superoxygenated Water on Blood Gases, Lactate, and Aerobic Cycling Performance

2007 ◽  
Vol 2 (4) ◽  
pp. 377-385 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lars R. McNaughton ◽  
Steve Kenney ◽  
Jason Siegler ◽  
Adrian W. Midgley ◽  
Ric J. Lovell ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Exercise Test ◽  
Power Output ◽  
Average Power ◽  
Rest Period ◽  
Cycling Performance ◽  
Exercise Tests ◽  
Double Blind ◽  
Maximal Power Output ◽  
Physiological Variables ◽  
Average Power Output

Context:Recently, superoxygenated-water beverages have emerged as a new purported ergogenic substance.Purpose:This study aimed to determine the effects of superoxygenated water on submaximal endurance performance.Methods:Eleven active male subjects, VO2max 52.6 ± 4.8 mL · kg−1 · min−1, height 180.0 ± 2.0 cm, weight 76.0 ± 7.0 kg, age 24 ± 1.0 y (mean ± SD), completed a 45-min cycle-ergometry exercise test at 70% of their previously predicted maximal power output with a 10-min rest period, followed by a 15-min time trial (TT). Thirty minutes before the exercise test subjects consumed 15 mL of either superoxygenated water (E) or placebo (P; water mixed with low-chlorine solution). Subjects then completed the test again a week later for the other condition (double-blind, randomized). The physiological variables measured during exercise were VO2, VCO2, respiratory-exchange ratio (RER), VE, PO2, PCO2, blood lactate (bLa–), and heart rate (HR). Mean distance covered and the average power output for the 15-min TT were also measured as performance indicators.Results:There were no significant differences in VO2, VCO2, RER, VE, bLa−, PO2, and HR (P > .05) during the exercise tests. Neither were there any significant improvements in the total distance covered (P 9.01 ± 0.74 km vs E 8.96 ± 0.68 km, P > .05) or the average power output (P 186.7 ± 35.8 W vs E 179.0 ± 25.9 W, P > .05) during the 15-min TT.Conclusion:Based on these results the authors conclude that consuming 15 mL of superoxygenated water does not enhance submaximal or maximal TT cycling performance.

Nutritional Interventions in Cancer Prevention

2005 ◽  
Vol 23 (2) ◽  
pp. 333-345 ◽  
Author(s):  
Philip R. Taylor ◽  
Peter Greenwald
Keyword(s):  
First Generation ◽  
Experimental Studies ◽  
Beta Carotene ◽  
Nutritional Intervention ◽  
Lessons Learned ◽  
Alpha Tocopherol ◽  
Phase Iii ◽  
Double Blind ◽  
Nutritional Interventions ◽  
Prevention Of Cancer

The first generation of phase III nutritional intervention studies to prevent cancer has been completed. Nearly 150,000 total participants were studied in nine different interventions using randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled designs that tested whether vitamins and/or minerals, given singly or in combination, could prevent total or site-specific cancer. The primary agents tested include beta-carotene, alpha-tocopherol, selenium, and retinol. This review summarizes the findings from the first generation of human experimental studies that tested micronutrients in the prevention of cancer, discusses lessons learned from these studies, identifies the most promising leads, and describes future prospects in nutritional intervention research.

Betalain-rich concentrate supplementation improves exercise performance and recovery in competitive triathletes

2017 ◽  
Vol 42 (2) ◽  
pp. 166-172 ◽  
Author(s):  
Cristhian F. Montenegro ◽  
David A. Kwong ◽  
Zev A. Minow ◽  
Brian A. Davis ◽  
Christina F. Lozada ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Creatine Kinase ◽  
Exercise Performance ◽  
Perceived Exertion ◽  
Randomized Trials ◽  
Maximal Oxygen Consumption ◽  
Time Trial ◽  
Ratings Of Perceived Exertion ◽  
Double Blind ◽  
Concentrate Supplementation ◽  
Damage Marker

We aimed to determine the effects of a betalain-rich concentrate (BRC) of beetroots, containing no sugars or nitrates, on exercise performance and recovery. Twenty-two (9 men and 13 women) triathletes (age, 38 ± 11 years) completed 2 double-blind, crossover, randomized trials (BRC and placebo) starting 7 days apart. Each trial was preceded by 6 days of supplementation with 100 mg·day−1 of BRC or placebo. On the 7th day of supplementation, exercise trials commenced 120 min after ingestion of 50 mg BRC or placebo and consisted of 40 min of cycling (75 ± 5% maximal oxygen consumption) followed by a 10-km running time trial (TT). Subjects returned 24 h later to complete a 5-km running TT to assess recovery. Ten-kilometer TT duration (49.5 ± 8.9 vs. 50.8 ± 10.3 min, p = 0.03) was faster with the BRC treatment. Despite running faster, average heart rate and ratings of perceived exertion were not different between treatments. Five-kilometer TT duration (23.2 ± 4.4 vs 23.9 ± 4.7 min, p = 0.003), 24 h after the 10-km TT, was faster in 17 of the 22 subjects with the BRC treatment. Creatine kinase, a muscle damage marker, increased less (40.5 ± 22.5 vs. 49.7 ± 21.5 U·L−1, p = 0.02) from baseline to after the 10-km TT and subjective fatigue increased less (–0.05 ± 6.1 vs. 3.23 ± 6.1, p = 0.05) from baseline to 24 h after the 10-km TT with BRC. In conclusion, BRC supplementation improved 10-km TT performance in competitive male and female triathletes. Improved 5-km TT performances 24 h after the 10-km TT and the attenuated increase of creatine kinase and fatigue suggest an increase in recovery while taking BRC.

scholarly journals Effects of Terbutaline Sulfate on Physiological and Biomechanical as Well as Perceived Exertion in Healthy Active Athletes: A Pilot Study

2019 ◽  
Vol 69 (1) ◽  
pp. 169-178 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hanen Hafedh ◽  
Maamer Slimani ◽  
Bianca Miarka ◽  
Ramzi Bettayeb ◽  
Nicola Luigi Bragazzi
Keyword(s):  
Heart Rate ◽  
Aerobic Exercise ◽  
Exercise Performance ◽  
Perceived Exertion ◽  
Female Athletes ◽  
Blood Glucose Concentration ◽  
Rating Of Perceived Exertion ◽  
Double Blind ◽  
Terbutaline Sulfate ◽  
Cardiovascular Variables

Abstract This study aimed to investigate the effects of beta2‐agonist terbutaline sulfate (TER) at a supra‐therapeutic dose (8 mg) on aerobic exercise performance. Twelve (6 females and 6 males) amateur athletes familiarized with all experimental procedures had their anthropometric data obtained on day 1. On days 2 and 3 either 8 mg of TER or a placebo (PLA) was administered orally (double‐blind manner) to participants who had rested for 3 h prior to aerobic exercise performance 20 m multistage fitness test (MSFT)]. This test was used to predict maximal oxygen uptake (VO2max) and velocity at which VO2max occurs (vVO2max). The Borg rating of perceived exertion (RPE), cardiovascular variables [heart rate (HR) and blood pressure (BP)] and blood glucose concentration [BGC] were obtained 15 min pre‐ and immediately post‐MSFT. Significant mean group differences were reported between PLA and TER groups (p < 0.05), respectively, in the RPE (15.6 ± 1.2 vs. 17.3 ± 1.5 a.u.), maximum heart rate (HRmax: 191.2 ± 7.1 vs. 197.2 ± 8.6 bpm) and BGC (118.4 ± 18.3 vs. 141.2 ± 15.8 mg/dL) post‐MSFT. The main effect of gender (male vs. female) in TER and PLA groups (p< 0.05) was observed, with higher estimated VO2max, vVO2max, HRmax and a lower mean HR pre‐test in male than female athletes. For these reasons, the inclusion of TER in the Prohibited List should be re‐discussed because of the lack of ergogenic effects.

Anaerobic Power Responses to Amino Acid Nutritional Supplementation

1991 ◽  
Vol 1 (4) ◽  
pp. 366-377 ◽  
Author(s):  
Carl M. Maresh ◽  
Catherine L. Gabaree ◽  
Jay R. Hoffman ◽  
Daniel R. Hannon ◽  
Michael R. Deschenes ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Exercise Performance ◽  
High Intensity ◽  
Peak Plasma ◽  
Anaerobic Power ◽  
High Intensity Exercise ◽  
Control Measures ◽  
Plasma Lactate ◽  
Mean Power ◽  
Exercise Tests ◽  
Double Blind

To examine the effect of a nutritional supplement (ATP-E™) on high intensity exercise performance, 23 physically active males volunteered to perform six Wingate Anaerobic Power tests. Tests were performed prior to and at 14 and 21 days during ATP-E~o~r placebo ingestion. f i e experiment followed a double-blind and random-order design. Twelve subjects (responders, R) showed an increase in preexercise blood ATP on Day 14 of ATP-E™ ingestion compared to control measures. The remaining 11 subjects (nonresponders, NR) had no change in pree~e~cibselo od ATP. Peak power and mean power were unchanged for both R and NR subjects across the exercise tests, but R experienced a decrease (p< 0.05) in immediate postexercise plasma lactate on Day 14 of ATP-E™ testing compared to their control measures. NR had no change in peak plasma lactate at any time during the study. The results suggest that short-term high intensity exercise performance was maintained in R with less reliance on anaerobic metabolism, and that response was evident following 14 days of ATP-E™ ingestion.

Effects of 6-Month Multivitamin Supplementation on Serum Concentrations of alpha-Tocopherol, beta-Carotene, and Vitamin C in Healthy Elderly Women

2004 ◽  
Vol 74 (2) ◽  
pp. 161-168 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wolters ◽  
Hermann ◽  
Hahn
Keyword(s):  
Placebo Group ◽  
Vitamin E ◽  
Vitamin C ◽  
Elderly Women ◽  
Beta Carotene ◽  
Alpha Tocopherol ◽  
Serum Concentrations ◽  
Double Blind ◽  
Multivitamin Supplementation ◽  
Healthy Elderly

Objective: The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of supplementation with nutritional doses of antioxidant nutrients on the serum concentrations of ascorbic acid, alpha-tocopherol, and beta-carotene in healthy elderly women. Methods: The study was performed as a randomized placebo-controlled, double-blind trial. Two hundred forty-one free-living, healthy women aged 60 years and older were recruited by newspaper advertisement in Hanover, Germany and its environs. As 21 women dropped out, data of 220 women (aged 60–91 years, median 63 years) were included in this evaluation. Subjects were randomly assigned to receive either a multivitamin/mineral or placebo capsule with identical appearance for six months containing 36 mg vitamin E, 150 mg vitamin C, and 9 mg beta-carotene. Serum concentrations of vitamin C, alpha-tocopherol, and beta-carotene were measured initially and after six months of supplementation. Data were analyzed with the SPSS 10.0 program. Results: Median serum concentrations of alpha-carotene and vitamin E increased significantly in the supplemented group (p = 0.000), whereas no significant modifications were observed in the placebo group. Median vitamin C concentration of the supplemented group did not differ from baseline after intervention, but that of the placebo group was significantly decreased after six months (p = 0.000). In comparison to estimated desirable serum concentrations of > 30 mumol/L vitamin E, 50 mumol/L vitamin C, and > 0.4 mumol/l beta-carotene at baseline, lower concentrations were found in 21.1%, 6.9%, and 1.0% of all subjects, respectively. After supplementation none of the members of the supplemented group had tocopherol concentrations below 30 mumol/L and only one woman of the supplemented group had a serum beta-carotene concentration below 0.4 mumol/L. The change in serum concentrations of vitamin C and E in the supplemented group depended on the status at baseline. Conclusion: A six-month supplementation with physiological doses of antioxidant vitamins improves the blood concentration of these nutrients even in relatively well-nourished elderly women or, as seen for vitamin C, prevents reduction of serum concentrations. Prevalence of suboptimal serum concentrations can be reduced.

Habitual Caffeine Consumption Does Not Interfere With the Acute Caffeine Supplementation Effects on Strength Endurance and Jumping Performance in Trained Individuals

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-8
Author(s):  
Vitor de Salles Painelli ◽  
Emerson L. Teixeira ◽  
Bruno Tardone ◽  
Marina Moreno ◽  
Jonatas Morandini ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Exercise Performance ◽  
Perceived Exertion ◽  
Vertical Jump ◽  
Rating Of Perceived Exertion ◽  
Caffeine Consumption ◽  
Exercise Tests ◽  
Double Blind ◽  
Jump Performance ◽  
Jumping Performance ◽  
Jumping Exercise

The long-standing caffeine habituation paradigm was never investigated in strength endurance and jumping exercise performance through a straightforward methodology. The authors examined if habitual caffeine consumption would influence the caffeine ergogenic effects on strength endurance and jumping performance as well as perceptual responses. Thirty-six strength-trained individuals were mathematically allocated into tertiles according to their habitual caffeine consumption: low (20 ± 11 mg/day), moderate (88 ± 33 mg/day), and high consumers (281 ± 167 mg/day). Then, in a double-blind, crossover, counterbalanced fashion, they performed a countermovement vertical jump test and a strength endurance test either after caffeine (6 mg/kg) and placebo supplementation or after no supplementation (control). Perceptual responses such as ratings of perceived exertion and pain were measured at the termination of the exercises. Acute caffeine supplementation improved countermovement vertical jump performance (p = .001) and total repetitions (p = .004), regardless of caffeine habituation. Accordingly, analysis of absolute change from the control session showed that caffeine promoted a significantly greater improvement in both countermovement vertical jump performance (p = .004) and total repetitions (p = .0001) compared with placebo. Caffeine did not affect the rating of perceived exertion and pain in any exercise tests, irrespective of tertiles (for all comparisons, p > .05 for both measures). Caffeine side effects were similar in low, moderate, and high caffeine consumers. These results show that habitual caffeine consumption does not influence the potential of caffeine as an ergogenic aid in strength endurance and jumping exercise performance, thus challenging recommendations to withdraw from the habitual caffeine consumption before supplementing with caffeine.

scholarly journals Impact of Oral Ubiquinol on Blood Oxidative Stress and Exercise Performance

2012 ◽  
Vol 2012 ◽  
pp. 1-10 ◽  
Author(s):  
Richard J. Bloomer ◽  
Robert E. Canale ◽  
Cameron G. McCarthy ◽  
Tyler M. Farney
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Exercise Performance ◽  
Random Order ◽  
Exercise Tests ◽  
Double Blind ◽  
Total Blood ◽  
Blood Samples ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Exercise Treadmill ◽  
Improve Exercise Performance

Coenzyme Q10 (CoQ10) plays an important role in bioenergetic processes and has antioxidant activity. Fifteen exercise-trained individuals (10 men and 5 women; 30–65 years) received reduced CoQ10 (Kaneka QH ubiquinol; 300 mg per day) or a placebo for four weeks in a random order, double blind, cross-over design (3 week washout). After each four-week period, a graded exercise treadmill test and a repeated cycle sprint test were performed (separated by 48 hours). Blood samples were collected before and immediately following both exercise tests and analyzed for lactate, malondialdehyde, and hydrogen peroxide. Resting blood samples were analyzed for CoQ10 (ubiquinone and ubiquinol) profile before and after each treatment period. Treatment with CoQ10 resulted in a significant increase in total blood CoQ10 (138%;P=0.02) and reduced blood CoQ10 (168%;P=0.02), but did not improve exercise performance (with the exception of selected individuals) or impact oxidative stress. The relationship between the percentage change in total blood CoQ10 and the cycle sprint total work (R2=0.6009) was noted to be moderate to strong. We conclude that treatment with CoQ10 in healthy, exercise-trained subjects increases total and reduced blood CoQ10, but this increase does not translate into improved exercise performance or decreased oxidative stress.

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