Nutrition Knowledge Among Young Finnish Endurance Athletes and Their Coaches

2018 ◽  
Vol 28 (5) ◽  
pp. 522-527 ◽  
Author(s):  
Maria Heikkilä ◽  
Raisa Valve ◽  
Mikko Lehtovirta ◽  
Mikael Fogelholm
Keyword(s):  
Nutrition Education ◽  
Team Sports ◽  
Positive Association ◽  
Knowledge Score ◽  
Food Choices ◽  
Nutrition Knowledge ◽  
Endurance Athletes ◽  
Performance Recovery ◽  
Cross Country Skiing ◽  
Cross Country

The nutrition knowledge of athletes and coaches is often inadequate. However, athletes need sufficient knowledge of this subject to understand the importance of food choices for their athletic performance, recovery, and overall health. Adequate nutrition knowledge and skills are important for coaches because they are often the most significant source of nutrition knowledge for their athletes. Most previous nutrition knowledge studies have been carried out in team sports and outside Scandinavia. The aim of this study, therefore, was to evaluate the nutrition knowledge of Finnish endurance athletes (156 males and 156 females; age = 17.9 ± 1.2 years) and their coaches (69 males and 25 females; age = 44.3 ± 12.3 years). The three main sports among the participants were cross-country skiing (n = 53 coaches and n = 111 athletes), orienteering (n = 13 and n = 110), and biathlon (n = 6 and n = 38). On average, the coaches (N = 94) answered 81% ± 9% of the 79 nutrition questionnaire items correctly, whereas the respective result was 73% ± 9% among the athletes (N = 312). The coaches had significantly (p < .001) better nutrition knowledge of all the five subcategories of the questionnaire, whereas the “dietary supplements” and “nutrition recommendations for endurance athletes” subcategories appeared particularly difficult for the athletes. The average nutrition knowledge score of athletes was relatively low. As nutrition knowledge may have a positive association with athletes’ food choices and subsequent dietary intake, Finnish endurance athletes and coaches would benefit from enhanced nutrition education.

scholarly journals Nutritional Knowledge and Attitudes of Adolescent Swimmers in Trinidad and Tobago

2014 ◽  
Vol 2014 ◽  
pp. 1-7 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marquitta C. Webb ◽  
Safiya E. Beckford
Keyword(s):  
Trinidad And Tobago ◽  
Nutrition Education ◽  
Knowledge Score ◽  
Nutrition Knowledge ◽  
Adolescent Male ◽  
Attitude Score ◽  
Nutritional Knowledge ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Knowledge And Attitude ◽  
Self Administered Questionnaire

Purpose. To investigate the level of nutrition knowledge and attitude of adolescent male and female swimmers training competitively in Trinidad and Tobago.Methodology. A self-administered questionnaire, which consisted of 21 nutrition knowledge and 11 attitude statements, was utilized to assess the level of nutrition knowledge and attitude of adolescent swimmers. For the assessment of nutrition knowledge, correct answers were given a score of “1” and incorrect answers were given a score of “0.” For the evaluation of attitude towards nutrition, a score ranging from 1 to 5 was assigned to each response; “5” was given to the most positive response, and “1” was given to the most negative. Data were analyzed using SPSS version 21.0.Results. Two hundred and twenty swimmers with a mean age of14.56±2.544completed the questionnaire. The mean nutrition knowledge score was10.97±2.897and mean attitude score was41.69±6.215. Nutrition knowledge was positively and significantly related to the number of reported nutrition sources (r=0.172,P=0.005). Nutrition knowledge was positively and significantly related to the attitude (r=0.130,P=0.027).Conclusions and Implication. Athletes lack nutrition knowledge but have a positive attitude towards nutrition, which may indicate receptiveness to future nutrition education.

scholarly journals The Effects of a Nutrition Education Intervention on Sports Nutrition Knowledge during a Competitive Season in Highly Trained Adolescent Swimmers

Nutrients ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (8) ◽  
pp. 2713
Author(s):  
Weelun Foo ◽  
Mark A. Faghy ◽  
Andy Sparks ◽  
Josh W. Newbury ◽  
Lewis A. Gough
Keyword(s):  
Nutrition Education ◽  
Knowledge Score ◽  
Nutrition Knowledge ◽  
Sports Nutrition ◽  
Education Intervention ◽  
Post Intervention ◽  
Competitive Swimming ◽  
Individual Basis ◽  
Competitive Season ◽  
The Mean

The aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of a seven-week nutrition education intervention on the sports nutrition knowledge (SNK) of highly trained UK adolescent swimmers. Fifteen national and international adolescent swimmers (males = 5; females = 10, 15.5 ± 1.1 years, 170.2 ± 7.5 cm, 60.3 ± 5.7 kg) participated in the study during seven consecutive weeks of the competitive swimming season. The participants received 30 min of nutrition education once per week in a classroom-based setting after they had completed their regular swim training. An undergraduate sports nutrition student delivered all nutrition education sessions and SNK questionnaires were administered to the participants pre- and post-intervention. The mean total SNK score improved by 8.3% (SD = 8.4%, 95% CI = 4.1–12.6; p = 0.006; ES = 1.0) following the nutrition education sessions. On an individual basis, ten swimmers significantly improved their total SNK score, whereas four swimmers did not improve, and one swimmer performed significantly worse after the intervention. Moreover, the swimmers’ knowledge of hydration improved by 22.2% (SD = 20.6%, 95% CI = 11.8–32.6, p = 0.004, ES = 1.1) over the seven-week timeframe, which was the only nutrition topic to have a significantly increased knowledge score. The current study therefore suggests that a nutrition education intervention can positively influence the SNK of highly trained adolescent swimmers.

scholarly journals PENGARUH PEMBERIAN ZAT MULTI GIZI MIKRO DAN PENDIDIKAN GIZI TERHADAP PENGETAHUAN GIZI, PEMENUHAN ZAT GIZI DAN STATUS BESI REMAJA PUTRI

2011 ◽  
Vol 6 (3) ◽  
pp. 171 ◽  
Author(s):  
Cesilia Meti Dwiriani ◽  
Rimbawan Rimbawan ◽  
Hardinsyah Hardinsyah ◽  
Hadi Riyadi ◽  
Drajat Martianto
Keyword(s):  
Nutrition Education ◽  
Adolescent Girls ◽  
Iron Status ◽  
Knowledge Score ◽  
Nutrition Knowledge ◽  
Control Group ◽  
The Third ◽  
Trained Teacher ◽  
Experiment Control ◽  
Mean Adequacy Ratio

This study was aimed to analyze the effect of multi-micronutrients (MMN) supplementation and nutrition education on nutrition knowledge, mean adequacy ratio (MAR) and iron status of young adolescent girls (YAG). The study was done in three purposively selected junior high schools (JHS) in rural Bogor by implementing a quasi experiment control trial for 112 YAG for 16 weeks: thirty five YAG in the first JHS as a MMN group (SG) were given three times of MMN tablets per week, forty two YAG in the second JHS were given MMN tablet plus nutrition education delivered by trained teacher fortnightly called SGP group and thirty five YAG in the third JHS as a control group. The result showed that the increment of nutrition knowledge score as well as MAR of SGP group were significantly higher than the other two groups. The decrement level of hemoglobin (Hb) in SG and SGP groups was significantly lower than in control group, but in the subset data of anemic group, both intervention groups had significantly increased level of Hb. This imply that nutrition education improved nutrition knowledge of YAG, but MMN tablet could not improve Hb level in general and only had effect on YAG suffering from anemia.<br />Key words: multi-micro nutrients, nutrition education, iron status, adolescent girls

The Prevalence of Low Back Pain Among Former Elite Cross-Country Skiers, Rowers, Orienteerers, and Nonathletes

2012 ◽  
Vol 40 (11) ◽  
pp. 2610-2616 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ida Stange Foss ◽  
Ingar Holme ◽  
Roald Bahr
Keyword(s):  
Low Back Pain ◽  
Back Pain ◽  
Endurance Athletes ◽  
Musculoskeletal Symptoms ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Low Back ◽  
Training Volume ◽  
The Past ◽  
Cross Country Skiing ◽  
Cross Country

Background: Some cross-sectional studies have suggested that the prevalence of low back pain (LBP) may be high among endurance athletes with repetitive back loading, but there are no large, prospective cohort studies addressing this issue. Purpose: To compare the prevalence of symptoms of low back pain (LBP) among former endurance athletes with different loading characteristics on the lumbar region: cross-country skiing (flexion loading), rowing (extension loading), and orienteering (no specific loading), as well as a nonathletic control group. Study design: Cohort study; level of evidence, 2. Methods: Self-reported questionnaire on LBP adapted for sports based on standardized Nordic questionnaires for musculoskeletal symptoms. Responders were 173 rowers, 209 orienteerers, 242 cross-country skiers, and 116 control subjects (88% of the original cohort). Results: There were no group differences between the athletic groups and the control group with regard to the 2 main outcomes: reported LBP the previous 12 months ( P = .66) and frequent LBP the past year (>30 days with LBP) ( P = .14). More rowers than orienteerers reported frequent LBP the past year (adjusted OR = 2.32; CI, 1.02-5.28). Occupational changes due to LBP were reported more often by rowers (13%) than skiers (7%) and orienteerers (3%) ( P = .002). More rowers and skiers reported having received outpatient medical assistance than orienteerers or controls. A training volume >550 h/y was a risk factor for reporting LBP during the previous 12 months compared with a training volume <200 h/y (adjusted OR = 2.51; CI, 1.26-5.02). A previous episode with LBP was associated with LBP later in life (adjusted OR = 3.02; CI, 2.22-4.10). Conclusion: Low back pain was not more common among former endurance athletes with specific back loading compared with non-athletes. The results indicate that years of prolonged and repetitive flexion or extension loading in endurance sports does not lead to more LBP. However, a large training volume in the past year and previous episodes with LBP are risk factors for LBP. Comparing the sports of rowing, cross-country skiing, and orienteering, it appears that whereas orienteering is protective, rowing can provoke LBP.

Many non-elite multisport endurance athletes do not meet sports nutrition recommendations for carbohydrates

2016 ◽  
Vol 41 (7) ◽  
pp. 728-734 ◽  
Author(s):  
Geneviève Masson ◽  
Benoît Lamarche
Keyword(s):  
Dietary Intake ◽  
Elite Athletes ◽  
Primary Objective ◽  
Sports Nutrition ◽  
The Other ◽  
Endurance Athletes ◽  
Food Frequency ◽  
Men And Women ◽  
Cross Country Skiing ◽  
Cross Country

Little is known regarding the dietary intake of non-elite athletes involved in multisport endurance events. The primary objective of this observational study was to characterize the dietary intake of non-elite athletes participating in winter triathlon (snowshoeing, skating, and cross-country skiing), winter pentathlon (winter triathlon sports + cycling and running), Ironman (IM: swimming, cycling, running), and half-distance Ironman (IM 70.3) in relation with current sports nutrition recommendations. A total of 116 non-elite athletes (32 women and 84 men) who had participated in one of those events in 2014 were included in the analyses. Usual dietary intake was assessed using a validated online food frequency questionnaire. Participants (22–66 years old) trained 14.8 ± 5.3 h/week, on average (±SD). Only 45.7% [95% confidence interval, 36.4%–55.2%] of all athletes reported consuming the recommended intake for carbohydrates, with the highest proportion (66.7%) seen in IM athletes. On the other hand, 87.1% [79.6%–92.6%] of all athletes reported consuming at least 1.2 g protein·kg−1·day−1, while 66.4% [57.0%–74.9%] reported consuming more than 1.6 g protein·kg−1·day−1. The proportion of athletes consuming the recommended amount of protein was highest (84.6%) among IM athletes. There was no difference in the proportion of athletes achieving the recommended carbohydrate and protein intakes between men and women. These findings suggest that many non-elite multisport endurance athletes do not meet the current recommendations for carbohydrates, emphasizing the need for targeted nutritional education. Further research is needed to examine how underreporting of food intake may have affected these estimates.

scholarly journals Development and Implementation of a Nutrition Knowledge Questionnaire for Ultraendurance Athletes

2019 ◽  
Vol 29 (1) ◽  
pp. 39-45 ◽  
Author(s):  
Claire Blennerhassett ◽  
Lars R. McNaughton ◽  
Lorcan Cronin ◽  
S. Andy Sparks
Keyword(s):  
Nutrition Education ◽  
Intraclass Correlation ◽  
Correlation Coefficients ◽  
Knowledge Score ◽  
Nutrition Knowledge ◽  
Sports Nutrition ◽  
Sport Nutrition ◽  
Nutritional Knowledge ◽  
Knowledge Questionnaire ◽  
Significant Difference

The nutritional intake of ultraendurance athletes is often poorly matched with the requirements of the sport. Nutrition knowledge is a mediating factor to food choice that could correct such imbalances. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to develop and validate a questionnaire to assess the nutrition knowledge of ultraendurance athletes. Nutritional knowledge was assessed using a modified sports nutrition knowledge questionnaire (ULTRA-Q). Four independent assessors with specialization in sports nutrition confirmed the content validity of the ULTRA-Q. Registered sports nutritionists, registered dietitians, and those without nutrition training completed the ULTRA-Q on two separate occasions. After the first completion, a significant difference in nutrition scores between groups (p ≤ .001) provided evidence of construct validity. After the second completion, intraclass correlation coefficients comparing nutrition scores between time points (.75–.95) provided evidence of test–retest reliability. Subsequently, experienced ultraendurance athletes (male: n = 74 and female: n = 27) completed the ULTRA-Q. Athletes also documented their sources of nutrition knowledge for ultraendurance events. The total nutrition knowledge score for ultraendurance athletes was 68.3% ± 9.5%, and there were no significant differences in knowledge scores between males and females (67.4% ± 9.6% and 70.7% ± 9.3%, respectively) or between runners and triathletes (69.1% ± 9.7% and 65.1% ± 9.4%, respectively). In general, it appeared that ultraendurance athletes favored other athletes (73%) over nutrition experts (8%) as a source of nutritional information. The findings of this study indicate that ultraendurance athletes had a reasonable level of nutrition knowledge, but interathlete variability suggests a need for targeted nutrition education.

scholarly journals The Impact of Nutrition Education Intervention with and Without a Mobile Phone Application on Nutrition Knowledge Among Young Endurance Athletes

Nutrients ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (9) ◽  
pp. 2249
Author(s):  
Heikkilä ◽  
Lehtovirta ◽  
Autio ◽  
Fogelholm ◽  
Valve
Keyword(s):  
Dietary Intake ◽  
Nutrition Education ◽  
Nutrition Knowledge ◽  
Mobile App ◽  
Endurance Athletes ◽  
Education Intervention ◽  
Dietary Intakes ◽  
Food Diary ◽  
Significant Group ◽  
The Impact

Athletes often have significant gaps in their nutrition knowledge. Thus, the aim of this study was to investigate whether young Finnish endurance athletes’ nutrition knowledge and dietary intake can be improved through an education intervention with or without a mobile food application. Seventy-nine endurance athletes, 18.0 years (SD: 1.4), participated in this randomized, controlled intervention. We compared the effects of participatory nutrition education sessions alone (group EDU) to those including the use of a mobile food application (group EDU + APP) for four days after each session. Both groups attended three 90-min education sessions fortnightly. The participants completed a validated nutrition knowledge questionnaire in Weeks 0, 5, and 17, and a three-day food diary in Weeks 0 and 17. The education plan was based on the Self-Determination Theory and the concept of meaningful learning process. The EDU group’s nutrition knowledge scores were: 78 (week 0), 85 (week 5), and 84 (week 17) and the EDU + APP group’s 78, 86, and 85, respectively. Nutrition knowledge increased significantly (main effect of time (p < 0.001)), but we observed no significant group × time interaction (p = 0.309). The changes in dietary intakes were minor (p > 0.05). The amount of carbohydrates was below endurance athletes’ recommendations throughout the intervention. The reported energy intakes were also below the estimated energy expenditures. In conclusion, nutrition knowledge improved significantly after only three education sessions and food diary feedback, but the mobile app did not improve learning further. However, the nutrition education intervention alone was not enough to change dietary intake.

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