scholarly journals Sports Foods and Dietary Supplements for Optimal Function and Performance Enhancement in Track-and-Field Athletes

2019 ◽  
Vol 29 (2) ◽  
pp. 198-209 ◽  
Author(s):  
Peter Peeling ◽  
Linda M. Castell ◽  
Wim Derave ◽  
Olivier de Hon ◽  
Louise M. Burke
Keyword(s):  
Performance Enhancement ◽  
Evidence Base ◽  
Track And Field ◽  
Supplement Use ◽  
Optimal Function ◽  
Repeated Use ◽  
And Performance ◽  
The Individual ◽  
Health Function ◽  
Specific Scenario

Athletes are exposed to numerous nutritional products, attractively marketed with claims of optimizing health, function, and performance. However, there is limited evidence to support many of these claims, and the efficacy and safety of many products is questionable. The variety of nutritional aids considered for use by track-and-field athletes includes sports foods, performance supplements, and therapeutic nutritional aids. Support for sports foods and five evidence-based performance supplements (caffeine, creatine, nitrate/beetroot juice, β-alanine, and bicarbonate) varies according to the event, the specific scenario of use, and the individual athlete’s goals and responsiveness. Specific challenges include developing protocols to manage repeated use of performance supplements in multievent or heat-final competitions or the interaction between several products which are used concurrently. Potential disadvantages of supplement use include expense, false expectancy, and the risk of ingesting banned substances sometimes present as contaminants. However, a pragmatic approach to the decision-making process for supplement use is recommended. The authors conclude that it is pertinent for sports foods and nutritional supplements to be considered only where a strong evidence base supports their use as safe, legal, and effective and that such supplements are trialed thoroughly by the individual before committing to use in a competition setting.

scholarly journals Wearables for Biomechanical Performance Optimization and Risk Assessment in Industrial and Sports Applications

2022 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 33
Author(s):  
Sam McDevitt ◽  
Haley Hernandez ◽  
Jamison Hicks ◽  
Russell Lowell ◽  
Hamza Bentahaikt ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Assessment ◽  
Performance Optimization ◽  
Performance Enhancement ◽  
Health And Safety ◽  
Industrial Applications ◽  
Data Types ◽  
Measurement Units ◽  
Numerous Data ◽  
And Performance ◽  
The Individual

Wearable technologies are emerging as a useful tool with many different applications. While these devices are worn on the human body and can capture numerous data types, this literature review focuses specifically on wearable use for performance enhancement and risk assessment in industrial- and sports-related biomechanical applications. Wearable devices such as exoskeletons, inertial measurement units (IMUs), force sensors, and surface electromyography (EMG) were identified as key technologies that can be used to aid health and safety professionals, ergonomists, and human factors practitioners improve user performance and monitor risk. IMU-based solutions were the most used wearable types in both sectors. Industry largely used biomechanical wearables to assess tasks and risks wholistically, which sports often considered the individual components of movement and performance. Availability, cost, and adoption remain common limitation issues across both sports and industrial applications.

scholarly journals The Effect of Mastery Cooperative Learning Strategy and Individual Inquiry on Attaining the Technical Aspects of the Stages of Shot Put and Digital Achievement using the Linear Method among Vietnam University Students

2019 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Dao Chanh Thuc
Keyword(s):  
Cooperative Learning ◽  
Learning Strategy ◽  
Linear Method ◽  
Female Students ◽  
Track And Field ◽  
Physiological Indicators ◽  
The Third ◽  
And Performance ◽  
The Individual ◽  
Shot Put

Physiological indicators say a lot about the preparedness and performance of athletes. This study investigates the Effect of mastery cooperative learning strategy and individual inquiry in using the linear method among female students of An Giang University, the study sample consisted of (57) female students enrolled in track and field course (1) at the Faculty of physical education at An Giang University during the first quarter 2016/2017. The sample was divided into three equal groups. The first group (n=19) taught using the mastery cooperative learning strategy, the second group (n=19) taught using the individual inquiry strategy, while the third group (n=19) was taught using the traditional method. Results showed that there were statistical differences in favor of the mastery cooperative learning strategy and individual inquiry strategy over the traditional way.

scholarly journals Extended-Range Prediction Model Using NSGA-III Optimized RNN-GRU-LSTM for Driver Stress and Drowsiness

Sensors ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (19) ◽  
pp. 6412
Author(s):  
Kwok Tai Chui ◽  
Brij B. Gupta ◽  
Ryan Wen Liu ◽  
Xinyu Zhang ◽  
Pandian Vasant ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Traffic Accidents ◽  
Performance Enhancement ◽  
Short Term Memory ◽  
Road Traffic ◽  
Prediction Algorithm ◽  
Future Research ◽  
And Performance ◽  
The Individual ◽  
Gated Recurrent Units ◽  
Driver Stress

Road traffic accidents have been listed in the top 10 global causes of death for many decades. Traditional measures such as education and legislation have contributed to limited improvements in terms of reducing accidents due to people driving in undesirable statuses, such as when suffering from stress or drowsiness. Attention is drawn to predicting drivers’ future status so that precautions can be taken in advance as effective preventative measures. Common prediction algorithms include recurrent neural networks (RNNs), gated recurrent units (GRUs), and long short-term memory (LSTM) networks. To benefit from the advantages of each algorithm, nondominated sorting genetic algorithm-III (NSGA-III) can be applied to merge the three algorithms. This is named NSGA-III-optimized RNN-GRU-LSTM. An analysis can be made to compare the proposed prediction algorithm with the individual RNN, GRU, and LSTM algorithms. Our proposed model improves the overall accuracy by 11.2–13.6% and 10.2–12.2% in driver stress prediction and driver drowsiness prediction, respectively. Likewise, it improves the overall accuracy by 6.9–12.7% and 6.9–8.9%, respectively, compared with boosting learning with multiple RNNs, multiple GRUs, and multiple LSTMs algorithms. Compared with existing works, this proposal offers to enhance performance by taking some key factors into account—namely, using a real-world driving dataset, a greater sample size, hybrid algorithms, and cross-validation. Future research directions have been suggested for further exploration and performance enhancement.

A Performance Enhancement Program for a College Football Team: One Incredible Season

1987 ◽  
Vol 1 (3) ◽  
pp. 224-236 ◽  
Author(s):  
Richard M. Fenker ◽  
Judith G. Lambiotte
Keyword(s):  
Performance Enhancement ◽  
College Football ◽  
Regression Analyses ◽  
Training Techniques ◽  
Imagery Training ◽  
Football Team ◽  
And Performance ◽  
The Individual ◽  
A Performance

This article presents a case study describing the development and implementation of a performance enhancement program for a major college football team. The program used imagery training techniques in conjunction with a process-oriented approach to performance to help the team achieve its best record in 20 years. Data on the individual players’ game grades, their evaluation of the enhancement program, and their strategy for reaching an optimal mental state were collected. In all, 86% of the starters evaluated the program’s overall value to the team as being important or very significant. Multiple regression analyses were used to predict starters’ game grades and consistency ratings from the athletes’ preparation and performance (readiness) strategies. Details of the imagery training procedures and other enhancement techniques are included.

scholarly journals Current Perspectives on Profiling and Enhancing Wheelchair Court Sport Performance

2017 ◽  
Vol 12 (3) ◽  
pp. 275-286 ◽  
Author(s):  
Thomas Paulson ◽  
Victoria Goosey-Tolfrey
Keyword(s):  
Performance Monitoring ◽  
Environmental Influence ◽  
Evidence Base ◽  
Sport Performance ◽  
Individualized Approach ◽  
Paralympic Sport ◽  
And Performance ◽  
The Individual ◽  
Physical Capacities ◽  
Court Performance

Despite the growing interest in Paralympic sport, the evidence base for supporting elite wheelchair sport performance remains in its infancy when compared with able-bodied (AB) sport. Subsequently, current practice is often based on theory adapted from AB guidelines, with a heavy reliance on anecdotal evidence and practitioner experience. Many principles in training prescription and performance monitoring with wheelchair athletes are directly transferable from AB practice, including the periodization and tapering of athlete loads around competition, yet considerations for the physiological consequences of an athlete’s impairment and the interface between athlete and equipment are vital when targeting interventions to optimize in-competition performance. Researchers and practitioners are faced with the challenge of identifying and implementing reliable protocols that detect small but meaningful changes in impairment-specific physical capacities and on-court performance. Technologies to profile both linear and rotational on-court performance are an essential component of sport-science support to understand sport-specific movement profiles and prescribe training intensities. In addition, an individualized approach to the prescription of athlete training and optimization of the “wheelchair–user interface” is required, accounting for an athlete’s anthropometrics, sports classification, and positional role on court. In addition to enhancing physical capacities, interventions must focus on the integration of the athlete and his or her equipment, as well as techniques for limiting environmental influence on performance. Taken together, the optimization of wheelchair sport performance requires a multidisciplinary approach based on the individual requirements of each athlete.

THE ROLE OF PHAGE THERAPY IN THE FORMATION OF THE INTESTINAL MICROECOSYSTEM

2020 ◽  
pp. 183-191
Author(s):  
Gladkov S.F. ◽  
Perevoshchikova N.K. ◽  
Chernykh N.S. ◽  
Pichugina Yu.S. ◽  
Surkova M.A.
Keyword(s):  
Intestinal Microbiota ◽  
Allergic Diseases ◽  
Evidence Base ◽  
Immunological Tolerance ◽  
Convincing Evidence ◽  
Selective Decontamination ◽  
Genetic Characteristics ◽  
Treatment And Prevention ◽  
Intestinal Infections ◽  
The Individual

The current adverse situation associated with the presence of a pandemic of allergic diseases is due to the lack of a scientifically based concept of treatment and prevention. The increased interest of researchers from different countries in the formation of immunological tolerance by modeling the intestinal microbiota is of high importance. Methods of influence on the microbial communities of the child's intestine should be as delicate as possible, taking into account the individual genetic characteristics of the microecosystem and the possibility of anaphylaxis. Until now, probiotic drugs have been widely used to correct dysbiosis, but data is gradually accumulating that there is no convincing evidence base for their use for the treatment and prevention of atopy. The use of bacteriophages is very relevant and one of the promising, actively studied areas of correction of intestinal biocenosis today, which are an alternative to antibiotic and probiotic medications. Selective decontamination of representatives of opportunistic flora, as the main factor in the implementation of the atopic phenotype, makes it possible to preserve and accelerate the formation of a unique and individual composition of the intestinal microbiota of the child, which can form an immunoregulatory balance. More than a century of experience in the use of bacteriophages indicates the safety of their use. Today, bacteriophages are actively used in various fields of practical medicine − obstetrics-gynecology, perinatology, urology, pediatric otorhinolaryngology, in the treatment of purulent-septic and intestinal infections. In some cases, bacteriophages are very effective against antibiotic-resistant pathogens. The active personalized use of bacteriophages in real clinical practice will make it possible to solve a number of serious, long-standing health problems in the Russian Federation and to win a world priority in this direction.

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