scholarly journals Extended-Range Prediction Model Using NSGA-III Optimized RNN-GRU-LSTM for Driver Stress and Drowsiness

Sensors ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (19) ◽  
pp. 6412
Author(s):  
Kwok Tai Chui ◽  
Brij B. Gupta ◽  
Ryan Wen Liu ◽  
Xinyu Zhang ◽  
Pandian Vasant ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Traffic Accidents ◽  
Performance Enhancement ◽  
Short Term Memory ◽  
Road Traffic ◽  
Prediction Algorithm ◽  
Future Research ◽  
And Performance ◽  
The Individual ◽  
Gated Recurrent Units ◽  
Driver Stress

Road traffic accidents have been listed in the top 10 global causes of death for many decades. Traditional measures such as education and legislation have contributed to limited improvements in terms of reducing accidents due to people driving in undesirable statuses, such as when suffering from stress or drowsiness. Attention is drawn to predicting drivers’ future status so that precautions can be taken in advance as effective preventative measures. Common prediction algorithms include recurrent neural networks (RNNs), gated recurrent units (GRUs), and long short-term memory (LSTM) networks. To benefit from the advantages of each algorithm, nondominated sorting genetic algorithm-III (NSGA-III) can be applied to merge the three algorithms. This is named NSGA-III-optimized RNN-GRU-LSTM. An analysis can be made to compare the proposed prediction algorithm with the individual RNN, GRU, and LSTM algorithms. Our proposed model improves the overall accuracy by 11.2–13.6% and 10.2–12.2% in driver stress prediction and driver drowsiness prediction, respectively. Likewise, it improves the overall accuracy by 6.9–12.7% and 6.9–8.9%, respectively, compared with boosting learning with multiple RNNs, multiple GRUs, and multiple LSTMs algorithms. Compared with existing works, this proposal offers to enhance performance by taking some key factors into account—namely, using a real-world driving dataset, a greater sample size, hybrid algorithms, and cross-validation. Future research directions have been suggested for further exploration and performance enhancement.

scholarly journals Sports Foods and Dietary Supplements for Optimal Function and Performance Enhancement in Track-and-Field Athletes

2019 ◽  
Vol 29 (2) ◽  
pp. 198-209 ◽  
Author(s):  
Peter Peeling ◽  
Linda M. Castell ◽  
Wim Derave ◽  
Olivier de Hon ◽  
Louise M. Burke
Keyword(s):  
Performance Enhancement ◽  
Evidence Base ◽  
Track And Field ◽  
Supplement Use ◽  
Optimal Function ◽  
Repeated Use ◽  
And Performance ◽  
The Individual ◽  
Health Function ◽  
Specific Scenario

Athletes are exposed to numerous nutritional products, attractively marketed with claims of optimizing health, function, and performance. However, there is limited evidence to support many of these claims, and the efficacy and safety of many products is questionable. The variety of nutritional aids considered for use by track-and-field athletes includes sports foods, performance supplements, and therapeutic nutritional aids. Support for sports foods and five evidence-based performance supplements (caffeine, creatine, nitrate/beetroot juice, β-alanine, and bicarbonate) varies according to the event, the specific scenario of use, and the individual athlete’s goals and responsiveness. Specific challenges include developing protocols to manage repeated use of performance supplements in multievent or heat-final competitions or the interaction between several products which are used concurrently. Potential disadvantages of supplement use include expense, false expectancy, and the risk of ingesting banned substances sometimes present as contaminants. However, a pragmatic approach to the decision-making process for supplement use is recommended. The authors conclude that it is pertinent for sports foods and nutritional supplements to be considered only where a strong evidence base supports their use as safe, legal, and effective and that such supplements are trialed thoroughly by the individual before committing to use in a competition setting.

The role of compliance for organisational change

2018 ◽  
Vol 31 (2) ◽  
pp. 334-351 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ronald Busse ◽  
Ufuk Doganer
Keyword(s):  
Qualitative Methodology ◽  
Qualitative Content Analysis ◽  
Organisational Change ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Lively Debate ◽  
And Performance ◽  
The Individual ◽  
Depth Interviews

Purpose Fuelled by the latest scandals at Siemens, VW or Walmart, there is a lively debate on the role of compliance and ethics programmes. Unlike large corporations, small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs) arguably tend to underestimate their significance and lag behind. Hence, the purpose of this paper is to shed light on the process of introducing compliance codes and its effects on employee acceptance and performance. Design/methodology/approach In line with the qualitative methodology, the authors conducted 12 in-depth interviews with German SME employees which the authors evaluated with the qualitative content analysis. Findings As for the major contribution, results indicate the emergence of a lack of understanding, anger, anxiety and operational performance losses – both at the individual and the corporate level – especially when employees feel uninvolved in the initial introduction stadium. Originality/value Practicing managers may benefit from the recommendation to facilitate staff involvement at earlier stages. As for theory advancement, the authors draw on Kotter’s (2007) long surviving “Eight Steps Change Management Model” and find significant support for shifting the spotlight of attention towards the first four phases. The authors discuss the original value of the research, admit limitations and illuminate some promising future research trajectories.

scholarly journals Characteristics of patients presenting with septic wounds in selected hospitals in Kajiado County, Kenya

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ruth Kaanto ◽  
John Kagira ◽  
Kenneth Waititu ◽  
Maina Ngotho ◽  
Naomi Maina ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Medication Adherence ◽  
Traffic Accidents ◽  
Road Traffic ◽  
Healthcare Access ◽  
Water Source ◽  
Lower Limbs ◽  
Wound Management ◽  
Individual Level ◽  
The Individual ◽  
Social And Cultural Factors

Background: Wound management is a serious global health problem. The objective of this study was to describe the characteristics of patients presenting with septic wounds in selected hospitals in Kajiado County, Kenya, and their association with selected factors.Methods: We purposively sampled 182 patients with septic wounds and collected data using questionnaires whose statistical relationship between various patients' characteristics, including the data collected Likert-scale design was assessed.Results: A majority (73.1%) of the patients presented with one wound. Most (54.4%) of the wounds were located on the lower limbs and mainly (23.1%) caused by road traffic accidents. The majority of the wounds had lasted for 1-2 weeks at the time of presentation, and the wound sizes were mainly >11 mm. We found a significant association (p<0.05) between number of wounds and age, marital status, and highest education level. The wound causes were significantly associated with gender, age, occupation, and sub-county of residence. Wound duration was significantly associated with understanding prescribed medication, adherence to dosage, water source, alcoholism, and cigarette smoking. Wound improvement was significantly associated with patients' understanding of the prescribed medication, adherence to dosage and water source, alcoholic status, and cigarette smoking.Conclusions: Individual patient, social and cultural factors were associated with septic wounds characteristics, suggesting that addressing them at the individual level using proper hygiene and cleanliness at home and workplaces is key. Policies to reduce traffic accidents, increase literacy, and promote healthcare access need to be promoted to reduce the wound sepsis burden.  

scholarly journals ADAPTIVE DRIVER TRAINING WITH THE USE OF SIMULATOR SYSTEMS

2019 ◽  
Vol 74 (6) ◽  
pp. 84-95
Author(s):  
Руслан Валентинович Кузьменко
Keyword(s):  
Professional Training ◽  
Traffic Accidents ◽  
Road Traffic ◽  
Individual Characteristics ◽  
Educational Training ◽  
Driver Training ◽  
Training Time ◽  
Information Program ◽  
Automated Information System ◽  
The Individual

The article looks at certain aspects of using automated information systems in the professional training of drivers at Hetman Petro Sahaidachnyi National Army Academy, Ukraine. The importance of integrating the theoretical and practical components of learning and the linkage between learning outcomes and safety on the roads are emphasized. The modern educational-training equipment for training drivers (simulators) includes information program components that can be customized to suit students’ individual characteristics and priorities for consideration in real road-traffic conditions. Assessment of students' knowledge and skills with simulators is carried out by analyzing their errors on typical routes that simulate problematic traffic situations. The main types of errors correspond to the common causes of road-traffic accidents, in relation to which statistics according to regions and periods are available, which, while training, gives a possibility to quickly respond to changes in the structure of accidents in the recent years in view of their causes. The automated information system is configured by a teacher in the way of correction of penalty points for every type of error. Upon reaching the critical amount of such points, the student is directed to retake the course, which makes it possible to provide the proper level of mastering the material before starting classes in the conditions of a real road situation. In future, increasing the share of the training time on the stimulator, it will be possible to take into account the students’ individual features of assimilating the material. This can be realized by introducing increased coefficients for repetitive errors into the penalty function. For this purpose a linear model of the total penalty score is proposed in the paper, which takes into account the specific and general errors, moreover, in the latter the base price of the error is related to the share of accidents with severe consequences. The multiplier of the individual weight of the error allows increasing its value in case this type of mistake occurred earlier and the student did not heed it.

scholarly journals Impacts of knowledge sharing: a review and directions for future research

2019 ◽  
Vol 31 (3) ◽  
pp. 207-230 ◽  
Author(s):  
Farhan Ahmad ◽  
Muhaimin Karim
Keyword(s):  
Knowledge Sharing ◽  
Past Research ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Work Related ◽  
Review Protocol ◽  
Negative Impacts ◽  
And Performance ◽  
The Individual ◽  
Methodological Aspects

PurposeKnowledge sharing contributes to the success of an organization in various ways. This paper aims to summarize the findings from past research on knowledge-sharing outcomes in organizations and to suggest promising directions for future research.Design/methodology/approachThere was a conduction of a systematic literature review that consisted of three main phases: defining a review protocol, conducting the review and reporting the review. The thematic analysis was conducted on 61 studies, based on which a framework for understanding the impacts of knowledge sharing was developed.FindingsPrevious research has investigated knowledge-sharing outcomes at three levels: the individual, team and organization; specific impacts are summarized for each level. The most commonly studied factors affected by knowledge sharing are creativity, learning and performance. Knowledge sharing is also found to have some beyond-convention work-related impacts, such as those on team climate and employees’ life satisfaction. Research on the outcomes of knowledge sharing is dominated by quantitative studies, as we found only one qualitative study in this review. Based on the discussion of the results, promising avenues for further research were identified and a research agenda was proposed. More research on differential, psychological and negative impacts, as well as interactional and methodological aspects of knowledge-sharing, is suggested.Originality/valueTo date, no systematic review has been conducted on the impacts of knowledge-sharing. This paper makes an important contribution to knowledge-sharing research, as it consolidates previous research and identifies a number of useful research topics that can be explored to advance the field, as well as to establish the evidence-based importance of knowledge sharing.

Open for business: The impact of creative team environment and innovative behaviour in technology-based start-ups

2020 ◽  
Vol 38 (4) ◽  
pp. 318-336 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zhao Zhou ◽  
Robert Verburg
Keyword(s):  
Individual Characteristics ◽  
Future Research ◽  
High Tech ◽  
Mediating Role ◽  
Team Environment ◽  
Innovative Behaviour ◽  
And Performance ◽  
The Individual ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Creative Team

Rather than the view of the entrepreneur as a ‘lone ranger’, recent work has focused on the importance of teams in bringing a start-up to growth and success. Here, we aim to bridge the gap between the individual characteristics of entrepreneurs and the characteristics of their teams by examining openness of founders in relation to creative team environment (CTE), innovative work behaviour (IWB) and performance. On the basis of upper echelon theory and integrating other complementary theories such as the attention-based view, we develop a theoretical framework and test this using a survey of 322 high-tech entrepreneurs. Our findings suggest a mediating role of CTE and IWB in the relation between openness of entrepreneurs and performance. The implications of the results for managerial practices and future research directions are discussed.

Revisiting Behavioral Integrity: Progress and New Directions After 20 Years

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Tony Simons ◽  
Hannes Leroy ◽  
Lisa Nishii
Keyword(s):  
Organizational Behavior ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Annual Review ◽  
Publication Date ◽  
Behavioral Integrity ◽  
Positive Behaviors ◽  
Positive Attitudes ◽  
Leadership Initiatives ◽  
And Performance ◽  
The Individual

Behavioral integrity (BI) describes the extent to which an observer believes that an actor's words tend to align with their actions. It considers whether the actor is seen as keeping promises and enacting the same values they espouse. Although the construct of BI was introduced in 1999 and developed more fully in 2002, it builds on the work of earlier scholars that discussed related notions of hypocrisy, credibility, and gaps between espousal and enactment. Since the 2002 paper, a growing literature has established the BI construct, largely but not exclusively in the leadership realm, as a critical antecedent to positive attitudes such as trust and commitment, positive behaviors such as turnover and performance, and as a moderator of the effectiveness of leadership initiatives. BI is by definition subjectively assessed, and perceptions of BI are susceptible to various forms of perceptual biases. A variety of factors appear to affect whether observers interpret a particular word-action alignment or gap as an indication of the actor's high or low BI. In this article, we examine and synthesize this literature and suggest directions for future research. We discuss the early history of BI research and then examine contemporary research at the individual, group, and organizational levels of analysis. We assess what we have learned and what methodological challenges and theoretical questions remain to be addressed. We hope in this way to stimulate further research on this consequential construct. Expected final online publication date for the Annual Review of Organizational Psychology and Organizational Behavior, Volume 9 is January 2022. Please see http://www.annualreviews.org/page/journal/pubdates for revised estimates.

Spinal cord injury and its management

2010 ◽  
pp. 5045-5054
Author(s):  
M P Barnes
Keyword(s):  
Spinal Cord ◽  
Spinal Cord Injury ◽  
Traffic Accidents ◽  
Road Traffic ◽  
Sports Injuries ◽  
Spine Injury ◽  
Neutral Position ◽  
Road Traffic Accidents ◽  
Cord Injury ◽  
The Individual

Spinal cord injury most commonly affects young men as a consequence of road traffic accidents, violence, and sports injuries; falls are a common cause in older patients. Appropriate management of the individual at the scene of an accident is vital to avoid unnecessary worsening of a spinal cord injury. Those who are unconscious should be assumed to have a cervical spine injury until proven otherwise, with (1) the head and neck held firmly (as far as possible) in a neutral position using (if available) a semi-rigid collar, and (2) transportation on a spinal board with a head immobilizer....

scholarly journals Group Positive Affect and Beyond: An Integrative Review and Future Research Agenda

2020 ◽  
Vol 17 (20) ◽  
pp. 7499
Author(s):  
Jonathan Peñalver ◽  
Marisa Salanova ◽  
Isabel M. Martínez
Keyword(s):  
Positive Affect ◽  
Research Agenda ◽  
Group Processes ◽  
Integrative Review ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Future Research Agenda ◽  
Similarity Group ◽  
Working Together ◽  
And Performance ◽  
The Individual

Group positive affect is defined as homogeneous positive affect among group members that emerges when working together. Considering that previous research has shown a significant relationship between group positive affect and a wide variety of group outcomes (e.g., behaviors, wellbeing, and performance), it is crucial to boost our knowledge about this construct in the work context. The main purpose is to review empirical research, to synthesize the findings and to provide research agenda about group positive affect, in order to better understand this construct. Through the PsycNET and Proquest Central databases, an integrative review was conducted to identify articles about group positive affect published between January 1990 and March 2019. A total of 44 articles were included and analyzed. Finding suggests that scholars have been more interested in understanding the outcomes of group positive affect and how to improve the productivity of groups than in knowing what the antecedents are. A summary conclusion is that group positive affect is related to leadership, job demands, job resources, diversity/similarity, group processes, and contextual factors, all of which influence the development of several outcomes and different types of wellbeing at the individual and group levels. However, with specific combinations of other conditions (e.g., group trust, negative affect, and interaction), high levels of group positive affect could cause harmful results. Conclusions shed light on group positive affect research and practice and might help Human Resources professionals to initiate empirically-based strategies related to recruitment, group design and leadership training.

scholarly journals Wearables for Biomechanical Performance Optimization and Risk Assessment in Industrial and Sports Applications

2022 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 33
Author(s):  
Sam McDevitt ◽  
Haley Hernandez ◽  
Jamison Hicks ◽  
Russell Lowell ◽  
Hamza Bentahaikt ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Assessment ◽  
Performance Optimization ◽  
Performance Enhancement ◽  
Health And Safety ◽  
Industrial Applications ◽  
Data Types ◽  
Measurement Units ◽  
Numerous Data ◽  
And Performance ◽  
The Individual

Wearable technologies are emerging as a useful tool with many different applications. While these devices are worn on the human body and can capture numerous data types, this literature review focuses specifically on wearable use for performance enhancement and risk assessment in industrial- and sports-related biomechanical applications. Wearable devices such as exoskeletons, inertial measurement units (IMUs), force sensors, and surface electromyography (EMG) were identified as key technologies that can be used to aid health and safety professionals, ergonomists, and human factors practitioners improve user performance and monitor risk. IMU-based solutions were the most used wearable types in both sectors. Industry largely used biomechanical wearables to assess tasks and risks wholistically, which sports often considered the individual components of movement and performance. Availability, cost, and adoption remain common limitation issues across both sports and industrial applications.

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