scholarly journals Regular Dark Chocolate Consumption’s Reduction of Oxidative Stress and Increase of Free-Fatty-Acid Mobilization in Response to Prolonged Cycling

2011 ◽  
Vol 21 (2) ◽  
pp. 113-123 ◽  
Author(s):  
Judith Allgrove ◽  
Emily Farrell ◽  
Michael Gleeson ◽  
Gary Williamson ◽  
Karen Cooper
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Free Fatty Acids ◽  
Treatment Time ◽  
Venous Blood ◽  
Dark Chocolate ◽  
Plasma Metabolites ◽  
Time To Exhaustion ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Markers Of Oxidative Stress

This study investigated the effects of regular consumption of dark chocolate (DC), rich in cocoa polyphenols, on plasma metabolites, hormones, and markers of oxidative stress after prolonged exhaustive exercise. Twenty active men cycled at 60% maximal oxygen uptake (VO2max) for 1.5 hr, with the intensity increased to 90% VO2max for a 30-s period every 10 min, followed by a ride to exhaustion at 90% VO2max. In the 2 wk before exercise participants consumed 40 g of DC or an isocarbohydrate-fat control cocoa liquor–free chocolate (CON) twice daily and once 2 hr before exercise in a randomized, counterbalanced, crossover design. Venous blood samples were taken immediately before exercise, postexercise (fixed duration), postexhaustion, and after 1 hr of recovery. F2-isoprostanes were significantly lower (post hoc tests: p < .001) at exhaustion and after 1 hr of recovery with DC. Oxidized low-density lipoproteins were significantly lower with DC (p < .001) both before and after exercise and at exhaustion. DC was also associated with ~21% greater rises in free fatty acids during exercise (main effect: p < .05). Changes in circulating glucose, insulin, glucagon, cortisol, and interleukin (IL)-6, IL-10, and IL-1ra were unaffected by treatment. Time to exhaustion at 90% VO2max was not significantly different between trials (398 ± 204 and 374 ± 194 s for DC and CON, respectively). These results suggest that regular DC intake is associated with reduced oxidative-stress markers and increased mobilization of free fatty acids after exercise but has no observed effect on exercise performance.

Sparing effect of chronic high-altitude exposure on muscle glycogen utilization

1982 ◽  
Vol 52 (4) ◽  
pp. 857-862 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. J. Young ◽  
W. J. Evans ◽  
A. Cymerman ◽  
K. B. Pandolf ◽  
J. J. Knapik ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Free Fatty Acids ◽  
High Altitude ◽  
Muscle Glycogen ◽  
Vastus Lateralis ◽  
Venous Blood ◽  
Vastus Lateralis Muscle ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Glycogen Utilization ◽  
Sparing Effect

Substrate utilization during heavy [approximately 85% maximum O2 consumption (VO2max)] bicycle exercise was examined in eight low-altitude residents at sea level (SL) and after acute (2 h) and chronic (18 days) high-altitude (HA) exposure at 4,300 m. Mean VO2max was approximately 27% lower at acute HA than at SL and did not change significantly with continued HA exposure. Biopsies from the vastus lateralis muscle and venous blood samples were obtained before and after 30 min of exercise, whereas determinations of the respiratory exchange ratio (R) were made at 10-min intervals during each of the submaximal bouts. Resting levels of serum-free fatty acids at acute and chronic HA were, respectively, two and three times higher than SL but were unchanged with exercise. Exercise did not alter resting serum glycerol levels at SL or during acute HA, but during chronic HA resting glycerol levels were increased 11-fold. Although mean blood lactate concentrations following exercise at SL and acute HA were not significantly different, postexercise lactate concentrations were 87% lower after chronic HA. During exercise at SL and acute HA, muscle glycogen utilization and R were not different. At chronic HA, muscle glycogen utilization and R were 41 and 15% lower, respectively. These data suggest that after chronic HA exposure, increased mobilization and use of free fatty acids during exercise resulted in sparing of muscle glycogen.

Evaluation of oxidative stress and antioxidant parameters in children with carbon monoxide poisoning

2019 ◽  
Vol 38 (11) ◽  
pp. 1235-1243
Author(s):  
O Teksam ◽  
S Sabuncuoğlu ◽  
G Girgin ◽  
H Özgüneş
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Carbon Monoxide ◽  
Carbon Monoxide Poisoning ◽  
Venous Blood ◽  
Treatment Modalities ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Co Poisoning ◽  
Erythrocyte Catalase ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Before And After

Objective: In this study, we aimed to investigate oxidative stress and antioxidant parameter levels in patients with carbon monoxide (CO) poisoning. Methods: The study was conducted prospectively between March 1, 2015 and April 30, 2016 in the pediatric emergency department. Eligible patients included children aged 0–18 years old with a diagnosis of CO poisoning. To determination of oxidative stress and antioxidant parameter levels, venous blood with heparinized and urine samples were drawn during the admission and after normobaric oxygen (NBO) and hyperbaric oxygen (HBO) treatment. Results: Forty-seven children with CO poisoning for study group and 29 patients as control group were included to the study. Sixteen patients treated with HBO. Basal plasma malondialdehyde levels were found to be significantly higher in the CO poisoning group when compared with the control group ( p = 0.019). There is no significant difference in oxidative stress and antioxidant parameter levels except erythrocyte catalase enzyme levels in patients treated with NBO when comparing before and after NBO treatment ( p > 0.05). Decreasing of basal erythrocyte catalase enzyme levels were found statistically significant after NBO treatment ( p = 0.04). There was no significant difference in oxidative stress and antioxidant parameter levels in patients treated with HBO before and after therapy ( p > 0.05). Conclusions: CO poisoning is associated with increased lipid peroxidation in children immediately after the poisoning. However, both treatment modalities including NBO or HBO do not have a significant effect on oxidative stress or antioxidant parameter levels.

Changes in the plasma concentration of gastric inhibitory polypeptide and other metabolites in response to feeding in sheep

1992 ◽  
Vol 134 (2) ◽  
pp. 235-240 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. P. McCarthy ◽  
A. Faulkner ◽  
P. A. Martin ◽  
D. J. Flint
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Gastrointestinal Tract ◽  
Plasma Concentration ◽  
Free Fatty Acids ◽  
Plasma Concentrations ◽  
Gastric Inhibitory Polypeptide ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Ruminant Animals ◽  
Time Courses ◽  
Long Chain

ABSTRACT Plasma concentrations of gastric inhibitory polypeptide (GIP)-like activity were determined in sheep before and after refeeding following a 48-h fast. Plasma concentrations increased significantly after feeding, from about 250 pg/ml to about 550 pg/ml. Other metabolites in plasma also increased at this time, reflecting the absorption of nutrients from the gastrointestinal tract. Significant increases were observed in the plasma concentrations of acetate, β-hydroxybutyrate and triacylglycerol. By comparing the time-courses of the changes in concentration of GIP and other metabolites in plasma, possible sites of secretion and secretagogues of GIP in ruminant animals are proposed. The results demonstrate that GIP is secreted in response to nutrient absorption in adult ruminants and that, as in simple-stomached animals, the absorption of long-chain free fatty acids plays an important role in this secretion. Journal of Endocrinology (1992) 134, 235–240

Dynamics of metabolic characteristics, markers of oxidative stress and vascular wall damage during treatment of obese prediabetic patients

2016 ◽  
Vol 94 (3) ◽  
pp. 221-224
Author(s):  
Irina A. Romanenko ◽  
T. S. Polyatykina ◽  
N. V. Mavrycheva ◽  
N. V. Budnikova ◽  
V. B. Grinshtein
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Carbohydrate Metabolism ◽  
Malonic Dialdehyde ◽  
Vascular Wall ◽  
Metabolic Parameters ◽  
Diabetic Patients ◽  
Metabolic Characteristics ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Markers Of Oxidative Stress

We studied lipid and carbohydrate metabolism, markers of oxidative stress (plasma malonic dialdehyde and dienoic conjugates) and vascular wall damage (CRP, microalbuminuria, blood desquamated endotheliocytes) before and after 12 week treatment of obese pre-diabetic patients. The study showed positive dynamics of the above metabolic parameters with normalization of carbohydrate metabolism in 60% of the patients and angioprotective effect ofprescribed therapy. The proposed treatment can be used to prevent diabetes mellitus.

Effect of Stage of Rigor and of Freezing–Thawing Processes On Storage Quality of Refrozen Cod

1968 ◽  
Vol 25 (2) ◽  
pp. 299-320 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. A. Peters ◽  
J. W. Slavin ◽  
J. P. Lane ◽  
W. A. MacCallum ◽  
E. J. Laishley ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Free Fatty Acids ◽  
Frozen Storage ◽  
Taste Panel ◽  
Rigor Mortis ◽  
Protein Nitrogen ◽  
Circulating Water ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Extractable Protein

Trawler-caught cod were frozen before and after rigor mortis in brine (23% NaCI) and between refrigerated plates, thawed in circulating water at 7 C or in a conveyorized microwave oven, then processed into fillets which were packaged, plate-frozen, and stored at −18 C.All samples thawed satisfactorily in circulating water. Some overheating was encountered during thawing in microwaves. But the equipment was not developed sufficiently to permit assessment of the commercial potential of microwave thawing.Examinations of the fillets from the thawed fish for appearance, odor, and texture showed that freezing pre-rigor is preferable to freezing post-rigor and that thawing by means of microwaves is preferable to thawing by means of water. Freezing or thawing methods did not affect the pH of the thawed fillets.Results of organoleptic and chemical tests to determine the changes in quality of the refrozen fillets packaged and stored at −18 C for 12 months indicated that neither the average taste panel scores nor the chemical tests for moisture, total lipid, free fatty acids, and extractable protein nitrogen showed any difference attributable to state of rigor, freezing method, or thawing method. The taste panel slightly preferred the texture of fillets from fish frozen pre-rigor and from fish frozen in brine. Free fatty acids increased sharply as a result of thawing and refreezing, and the rapid increase continued during the first 2 months of frozen storage. Taste panel scores correlated significantly with free fatty acids (1% level) and with extractable protein (5% level).

scholarly journals The Effect of Submaximal Exercise Preceded by Single Whole-Body Cryotherapy on the Markers of Oxidative Stress and Inflammation in Blood of Volleyball Players

2013 ◽  
Vol 2013 ◽  
pp. 1-10 ◽  
Author(s):  
Celestyna Mila-Kierzenkowska ◽  
Alicja Jurecka ◽  
Alina Woźniak ◽  
Michał Szpinda ◽  
Beata Augustyńska ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Submaximal Exercise ◽  
Whole Body ◽  
Volleyball Players ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Markers Of Oxidative Stress ◽  
Total Oxidative Status ◽  
Whole Body Cryotherapy ◽  
Response To Exercise ◽  
Control Exercise

The aim of the study was to determine the effect of single whole-body cryotherapy (WBC) session applied prior to submaximal exercise on the activity of antioxidant enzymes, the concentration of lipid peroxidation products, total oxidative status, and the level of cytokines in blood of volleyball players. The study group consisted of 18 male professional volleyball players, who were subjected to extremely cold air (−130∘C) prior to exercise performed on cycloergometer. Blood samples were taken five times: before WBC, after WBC procedure, after exercise preceded by cryotherapy (WBC exercise), and before and after exercise without WBC (control exercise). The activity of catalase statistically significantly increased after control exercise. Moreover, the activity of catalase and superoxide dismutase was lower after WBC exercise than after control exercise (P<0.001). After WBC exercise, the level of IL-6 and IL-1βwas also lower (P<0.001) than after control exercise. The obtained results may suggest that cryotherapy prior to exercise may have some antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties. The relations between the level of studied oxidative stress and inflammatory markers may testify to the contribution of reactive oxygen species in cytokines release into the blood system in response to exercise and WBC.

Oxidative Stress Is Activated by Free Fatty Acids in Cultured Human Hepatocytes

2011 ◽  
Vol 9 (5) ◽  
pp. 397-401 ◽  
Author(s):  
Giorgio Soardo ◽  
Debora Donnini ◽  
Liana Domenis ◽  
Cristiana Catena ◽  
Daniele De Silvestri ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Free Fatty Acids ◽  
Human Hepatocytes
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